Advances in ophthalmology practice and research最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of image-guided accurate limbal relaxing incisions for astigmatism correction during cataract surgery","authors":"Xiaoxin Hu ,&nbsp;Jiao Qi ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Cheng ,&nbsp;Wenwen He ,&nbsp;Yu Du ,&nbsp;Keke Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Xiangjia Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the efficacy of image-guided accurate limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) for astigmatism correction during cataract surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Consecutive cataract patients with regular corneal astigmatism ranging from 0.75 to 2.50 D, intended for cataract surgery with image-guided LRIs, were recruited in this prospective cohort study. The efficacy of astigmatism correction was evaluated 3 months after surgery, and compared among eyes with preoperative corneal with-the-rule (WTR), against-the-rule (ATR) and oblique astigmatism. Higher-order aberrations and visual quality indices obtained with iTrace were further compared between eyes with single and paired LRIs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Totally, 108 eyes of 108 patients were analyzed. The mean total surgical induced astigmatism (tSIA) vector of all participants was 0.76 ​± ​0.38 D (range: 0.11–1.79 D, preoperative vs. postoperative astigmatism: 1.46 ​± ​0.41 vs. 0.78 ​± ​0.44 D, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). Eyes with WTR astigmatism showed higher tSIA (0.89 ​± ​0.32 D vs. 0.42 ​± ​0.21 D vs. 0.48 ​± ​0.36 D, respectively, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), as well as higher correction index and lower difference vector and index of success than ATR and oblique astigmatism groups (all <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Eyes with paired LRIs exhibited better corneal average height of modulation transfer function, a better corneal performance index and a better quality of vision index than those with single LRI (all <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Image-guided LRIs can effectively correct low-to-moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery, especially in eyes with WTR astigmatism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DeepSeek-R1 outperforms Gemini 2.0 Pro, OpenAI o1, and o3-mini in bilingual complex ophthalmology reasoning","authors":"Pusheng Xu ,&nbsp;Yue Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaolan Chen ,&nbsp;Mingguang He ,&nbsp;Danli Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the accuracy and reasoning ability of DeepSeek-R1 and three recently released large language models (LLMs) in bilingual complex ophthalmology cases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 130 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to diagnosis (n ​= ​39) and management (n ​= ​91) were collected from the Chinese ophthalmology senior professional title examination and categorized into six topics. These MCQs were translated into English. Responses from DeepSeek-R1, Gemini 2.0 Pro, OpenAI o1 and o3-mini were generated under default configurations between February 15 and February 20, 2025. Accuracy was calculated as the proportion of correctly answered questions, with omissions and extra answers considered incorrect. Reasoning ability was evaluated through analyzing reasoning logic and the causes of reasoning errors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DeepSeek-R1 demonstrated the highest overall accuracy, achieving 0.862 in Chinese MCQs and 0.808 in English MCQs. Gemini 2.0 Pro, OpenAI o1, and OpenAI o3-mini attained accuracies of 0.715, 0.685, and 0.692 in Chinese MCQs (all <em>P</em> ​&lt;0.001 compared with DeepSeek-R1), and 0.746 (<em>P</em> ​= ​0.115), 0.723 (<em>P</em> ​= ​0.027), and 0.577 (<em>P</em> ​&lt;0.001) in English MCQs, respectively. DeepSeek-R1 achieved the highest accuracy across five topics in both Chinese and English MCQs. It also excelled in management questions conducted in Chinese (all <em>P</em> ​&lt;0.05). Reasoning ability analysis showed that the four LLMs shared similar reasoning logic. Ignoring key positive history, ignoring key positive signs, misinterpretation of medical data, and overuse of non–first-line interventions were the most common causes of reasoning errors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DeepSeek-R1 demonstrated superior performance in bilingual complex ophthalmology reasoning tasks than three state-of-the-art LLMs. These findings highlight the potential of advanced LLMs to assist in clinical decision-making and suggest a framework for evaluating reasoning capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2667-3762(25)00023-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2667-3762(25)00023-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages iii-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of artificial intelligence tools in generating diabetic retinopathy guidelines","authors":"Fan Cao,&nbsp;Shengping Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 180-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early postoperative changes in corneal densitometry after SMILE with 120-μm and 130-μm cap thickness: a comparative study","authors":"Shirou Wu ,&nbsp;Hongying Jin ,&nbsp;Ting Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare early postoperative changes in corneal densitometry after small incision lenticule extraction using 120-μm and 130-μm cap thicknesses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>69 eyes of 39 patients who underwent small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with cap thicknesses of 120-μm (n ​= ​34) and 130-μm (n ​= ​35) were included in this study. The corneal densitometry (CD) of three zones (0–2 ​mm, 2–6 ​mm, and 6–10 ​mm) of the anterior, central, and posterior corneal layers was evaluated before, one week, and one month after surgery. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical degree, cylinder degree, and spherical equivalent (SE) were also analyzed and compared between the two groups before and after surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Little difference was detected between the two groups in postoperative UCVA, BCVA, SE, and cylinder degree at one month. No statistically significant differences were found between the preoperative and postoperative CD values for the overall (0–12 ​mm) cornea and the 6–10 ​mm zone in either group. A significant increase in CD was observed in the 0–2 ​mm and 2–6 ​mm zones of the anterior layer in the 120-μm group, and the 0–2 ​mm zone of the central layer in the 130-μm group, one week postoperatively. These changes persisted for one month after surgery (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). The CD in the central layer (0–2 ​mm and 2–6 ​mm) in the 120-μm group, as well as the total layer (0–2 ​mm and 2–6 ​mm) in both groups, significantly increased at the first postoperative week but returned to preoperative levels by one month after surgery. Additionally, the CD of the anterior layer (0–2 ​mm and 2–6 ​mm) increased significantly in the first week postoperatively, decreased significantly one month postoperatively, but remained significantly higher than baseline in the 130-μm group. In both groups, the CD of the posterior 0–2 ​mm zone decreased. Moreover, the increase in CD in the anterior 2–6 ​mm zone one week postoperatively was significantly higher in the 120-μm group compared to the 130-μm group (ΔCD 2.4 ​± ​1.55 vs. 1.64 ​± ​0.87, <em>P</em> ​= ​0.014). Postoperative corneal wavefront aberrations were significantly higher in the 120-μm group than in the 130-μm group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CD increased mainly in the 0–6 ​mm zone of the anterior layer in the early phase after the SMILE procedure with both the 120-μm and 130-μm groups. The increase in CD in the anterior 2–6 ​mm zone one week postoperatively was higher in the 120-μm group than in the 130-μm group. SMILE with 120-μm and 130-μm cap thickness were both efficient and safe, but eyes with a 120-μm cap thickness showed higher postoperative corneal wavefront aberrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 196-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From stress to sight: The role of mechanical forces in the retinal diseases","authors":"Di Wu ,&nbsp;Ye Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Luo ,&nbsp;Chengshou Zhang ,&nbsp;Yifei Zheng ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Meng ,&nbsp;Mei Yang ,&nbsp;Hemlata Bisnauthsing ,&nbsp;Ping Rao ,&nbsp;Baohua Ji ,&nbsp;Wai Kit Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The retina, a light-sensitive neural tissue critical for vision, exists in a dynamic mechanical environment where it is continuously exposed to mechanical forces. These forces, including traction forces, intraocular pressure-related stress, and hemodynamic forces, are closely linked to the progression of retinal diseases. A comprehensive understanding of retinal mechanosensation and mechanotransduction is essential for understanding the pathological mechanisms under aberrant mechanical conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Main Text</h3><div>This review synthesizes current knowledge on advanced biomechanical assessment techniques, and aging-associated biomechanical alterations in retinal tissues, emphasizing how mechanical forces drive structural and functional pathology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By elucidating the mechanosensitive mechanisms remodeling retinal cell behavior and fate, this review highlights the critical role of biomechanics in retinal disease pathogenesis. The integration of mechanistic insights with biomechanical assessment techniques offers transformative potential for diagnosing mechanical dysfunction and developing mechanotargeted therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing benzodiazepine-ketamine and benzodiazepine-fentanyl sedation in phacoemulsification: A double-blind crossover non-inferiority clinical trial (BEKEF study)","authors":"Adriano Cypriano Faneli ,&nbsp;Ricardo Danilo Chagas Oliveira ,&nbsp;Pablo Amado ,&nbsp;Eduardo F. Marback ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Amaral Torres ,&nbsp;Juliana Fernandes Marback ,&nbsp;Larrie Laporte ,&nbsp;Caio Vinicius Saito Regatieri ,&nbsp;Cristina Muccioli","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Topical anesthesia for cataract surgery often requires adjunctive sedation to manage intraoperative discomfort and improve patient cooperation. Ketamine and fentanyl, combined with benzodiazepines, are commonly used sedation regimens, but their comparative safety and efficacy in the cataract surgery context remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate whether ketamine combined with midazolam is non-inferior to fentanyl combined with midazolam for sedation during phacoemulsification, with a non-inferiority margin of 10%.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective, double-blind, crossover, non-inferiority trial randomized 75 patients to receive both sedation regimens for bilateral phacoemulsification. A 15-day washout period was implemented between surgeries. Adequate sedation was defined as a Ramsay Sedation Scale score of 2–3. The primary outcome was sedation adequacy, with secondary outcomes including patient and surgeon satisfaction, surgical metrics, and complications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 75 randomized patients, 65 (130 eyes) completed the study. Adequate sedation was achieved in 86.2% of cases with ketamine and 89.2% with fentanyl, with a within-participant difference of 3.1% (95% CI: −2.3%–5.3%), confirming non-inferiority. Patient satisfaction scores were similarly high between regimens (ketamine: 4.87 ​± ​0.36; fentanyl: 4.91 ​± ​0.28; <em>P</em> ​= ​0.45). Complications were infrequent, with two cases of nausea and two of bradycardia in the fentanyl group and one case of nausea and two of hypertension in the ketamine group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ketamine combined with midazolam is a safe and effective alternative to fentanyl-based sedation for cataract surgery, providing comparable sedation quality and satisfaction. These findings support ketamine's use in cataract surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 175-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and validation of risk prediction models for different subtypes of retinal vein occlusion","authors":"Chunlan Liang ,&nbsp;Lian Liu ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Yu ,&nbsp;Qi Shi ,&nbsp;Jiang Zheng ,&nbsp;Jun Lyu ,&nbsp;Jingxiang Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>While prognostic models for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) exist, subtype-specific risk prediction tools for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) remain limited. This study aimed to construct and validate distinct CRVO and BRVO risk stratification nomograms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou (January 2010–November 2024). Non-RVO controls were matched 1:4 (CRVO) and 1:2 (BRVO) by sex and year of admission. The final cohorts included 630 patients (126 CRVO cases and 504 controls) and 813 patients (271 BRVO cases and 542 controls). Predictors encompassed clinical histories and laboratory indices. Multivariate regression identified independent risk factors, and model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CRVO-nom and BRVO-nom highlighted significant predictors, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Additional risk factors for CRVO included high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), platelet distribution width (PDW), history of diabetes, cerebral infarction, and coronary artery disease (CAD). For BRVO, significant predictors included a history of hypertension, age, and body mass index (BMI). The AUC for CRVO-nom was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73–0.87) in the training set and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65–0.86) in the validation set, while BRVO-nom yielded an AUC of 0.95 (95 ​%CI: 0.91–0.97) in the training set and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89–0.98) in the validation set.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CRVO and BRVO exhibit distinct risk profiles. The developed nomograms—CRVO-nom and BRVO-nom—provide subtype-specific risk stratification with robust discrimination and clinical applicability. An online Shiny calculator facilitates real-time risk estimation, enabling targeted prevention for high-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of intraocular pressure fluctuations on the progression of glaucoma and associated factors","authors":"Tong Liu ,&nbsp;YiLu Cai ,&nbsp;MengYuan Hu ,&nbsp;Zongrong Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Min Chen ,&nbsp;Kaijun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In recent years, remarkable advancements in the comprehension of glaucoma pathophysiology have highlighted the necessity of looking beyond the conventional focus on mean intraocular pressure (IOP) levels. IOP fluctuations have been identified as a potential factor that could exert a substantial impact on the progression of glaucoma.</div></div><div><h3>Main text</h3><div>IOP exhibits dynamic variations throughout a 24-h cycle. Glaucoma patients exhibit substantially more pronounced IOP fluctuations compared to healthy individuals, even when the mean IOP remains within the normal range. This implies that IOP fluctuations may play a role in glaucoma progression through mechanisms independent of elevated mean IOP. In this review, an exhaustive examination of studies spanning the past decade was conducted to analyze the relationship between IOP fluctuations and disease progression in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), ocular hypertension (OHT), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). While a few studies present conflicting results, the majority of research supports the notion that elevated IOP fluctuations significantly contribute to disease progression in POAG patients. This association has also been confirmed in PACG patients. However, in NTG or OHT patients, other risk factors may outweigh IOP fluctuations in disease progression or glaucoma conversion. Additionally, we summarized common factors affecting IOP fluctuations to provide a basis for the identification of patients prone to significant daily IOP variations. Finally, the efficacy of various IOP-lowering interventions in modulating IOP fluctuations is concisely summarized, offering insights for the formulation of comprehensive treatment strategies that incorporate IOP fluctuation management.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>IOP fluctuations play a significant role in disease progression in POAG and PACG. Individuals with certain systemic or ocular characteristics are more predisposed to pronounced and recurrent IOP fluctuations. Consequently, a comprehensive assessment of IOP fluctuation that transcends mean IOP values, as well as the integration of IOP fluctuations management into glaucoma treatment strategies are of paramount importance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a specific vitamin supplement containing L-methylfolate (Ocufolin forte) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration","authors":"Tatjana Josifova ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Konieczka ,&nbsp;Andreas Schötzau ,&nbsp;Josef Flammer","doi":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aopr.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with nAMD often have pathologically elevated homocysteine (Hcy) and increased retinal venous pressure (RVP). We tested whether the administration of a specific vitamin preparation containing L-methylfolate (Ocufolin forte) as an addition to anti-VEGF therapy reduces these two risk factors and favorably influences the disease course.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 27 eyes/27 patients with intra- and subretinal fluid, Hcy above 12 ​μmol/L, RVP of at least 8 ​mm above the IOP, and an IOP between 10 and 20 ​mmHg were included in this study. All eyes received three injections of 0.05 ​ml aflibercept at one-month intervals as clinically indicated. Fifteen patients additionally received one capsule of Ocufolin forte per day (Ocufolin group, OG), and the other twelve patients served as a control group (control group, CG). The following factors were measured before therapy and four months later: blood Hcy, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intra-ocular pressure (IOP), RVP, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography - angiography (OCTA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hcy decreased on average by 5.58 ​μmol/L in the OG and by 0.57 ​μmol/L in the CG. The RVP decreased on average by 4.60 ​mmHg in the OG and by 0.75 ​mmHg in the CG. The difference between the two groups was significant for both parameters (<em>P</em> ​&lt;0.001); 66% of the OG and 41% of the CG had no retinal fluid at the end of the study. After the completion of the study, the injection intervals could be extended more often in the OG patients than in the CG patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>When Ocufolin forte was added to the standard therapy, RVP and Hcy were reduced to a significantly greater extent than without Ocufolin forte. In addition, Ocufolin had a positive influence on morphology and future treatment intervals with anti-VEGF therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72103,"journal":{"name":"Advances in ophthalmology practice and research","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}