{"title":"Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Biomanufacturing.","authors":"Dawei Zhang, Huiying Wang, Qian Kang","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> (cobalamin), as an essential cobalt-containing vitamin for the human body, boasts significant physiological functions and broad application in the pharmaceutical, animal feed, food, and cosmetic industries. It mainly exists in four forms: adenosylcobalamin, methylcobalamin, cyanocobalamin, and hydroxocobalamin (hydroxycobalamin). Cyanocobalamin, due to its chemical stability, serves as the primary industrial product form. Currently, microbial fermentation stands as the core method for industrial vitamin B<sub>12</sub> production, with strains such as Pseudomonas denitrificans and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Nevertheless, the production remains relatively low, which has become a key constraint for the industry's development. This chapter highlights the principal innovations and notable accomplishments of the research team, led by Zhang Dawei from the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in the domain of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> biomanufacturing. By systematically reviewing the synthesis methods of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, characteristics of industrial fermentation strains, metabolic engineering strategies, and fermentation technologies, this chapter clarifies the technical advantages and current development status of this field. Meanwhile, it analyzes the challenges encountered in the biomanufacturing process and the progress made in addressing them. Finally, it provides an overview of the global market pattern of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and the development trends of cost control. This comprehensive and in-depth review is expected to help readers gain a thorough and in-depth understanding of the vitamin B<sub>12</sub> biomanufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in the Enzymic Synthesis of Unnatural Chiral Amino Acids.","authors":"Yuxin Chen, Shizhen Wang","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unnatural chiral amino acids (UCAAs), including D-amino acids and noncanonical L-amino acids, are immensely valuable chiral chemicals, which are extensively applied in pharmaceuticals, materials, and fine chemicals. Biosynthesis of UCAAs by enzymes has emerged as a powerful, green, and highly efficient strategy. Amino acid dehydrogenases, which catalyze asymmetric reductive amination of keto acids, represent the most widely employed enzyme for the synthesis of UCAAs. Transaminases, which enable asymmetric transfer of an amino group to keto acids, have also been successfully applied in the synthesis of several noncanonical L-amino acids. Furthermore, catalytic promiscuity of enzyme which considerably expanded the synthetic potential toward diverse UCAAs has been reported. In addition, multienzyme system with cofactor regeneration has significantly improved the synthesis efficiency. This review summarizes recent advances in the in vitro enzymatic synthesis recently published by Chinese researcher. An outlook on AI-driven biocatalysis for the green and sustainable production of UCAAs has been promoted. Emerging tools such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and high-throughput platforms will further drive the green and efficient synthesis of chiral amino acids.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green Biomanufacturing of D-Glucaric Acid.","authors":"Hao Fang, Anping Zeng","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>D-Glucaric acid (GA) is an important platform chemical with wide applications in material, food, and pharmaceutical industries. GA production by separation and purification from plants is not applicable at large scale. Instead, there are three ways to produce GA: chemical, enzymatic, and microbial synthesis. This chapter introduces the research progresses in chemical, enzymatic, and microbial synthesis of GA, especially the latter two featuring the concept of green biomanufacturing. The key rate-limiting factors, both for enzymatic and microbial production of GA from sugars, are the supply of myo-inositol and the catalytical performance of myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX). These are pivotal engineering targets to improve the production titers, rates, and yields of GA. In the broader context of global warming and carbon neutrality, cheaper renewables such as lignocellulose and even CO<sub>2</sub> could be used as abundant carbon sources to produce GA in a more environmentally friendly manner. At last, we envision that the future of GA biomanufacturing and its industrial applications is bright, encouraged by the entrepreneurial successes exemplified by Kalion, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Cell Culture Media for Cultivated Meat Production.","authors":"M J Post","doi":"10.1007/10_2025_312","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2025_312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The culture medium is a central part of the cultivated meat technology, from biological, economical, and safety perspectives. Many cues to drive proliferation or differentiation of cells relevant for cultivated meat are biochemical and are therefore part of the medium. Traditionally, these cues came from fetal bovine serum (FBS), but that has been replaced by a set of components, often of recombinant origin. The culture medium is the costliest input in cultivated meat and therefore subject to intense efforts to reduce cost through simplification, by downgrading components, by replacing components with cheaper alternatives, and by being cognizant of appropriate timing of administration. In addition, reducing the volume of medium per kg of output needed is a subject of research and development. These modifications are all bounded by the need for culture medium to be food-safe and preferably chemically defined. Importantly, the use of medium needs to be as efficient as possible through smart feeding and judicious medium regimes to reduce waste to a minimum. Metabolic models and AI tools will further facilitate medium development leading to less experimental waste. It is expected that this progress will continue for many years leading to ever better media at lower cost, enabling commercialization of cultivated meat.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"63-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145814771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Starting Point for Biomolecular Crystallisation.","authors":"Janet Newman, Terese M Bergfors","doi":"10.1007/10_2025_302","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2025_302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter presents a historical overview and contemporary insights into the crystallisation of biological macromolecules. It looks at what knowledge has been obtained about the crystallisation of small molecules and how it relates to biomolecules. While the principles of supersaturation and nucleation are the same for both, the complexity of biomolecules presents unique challenges to their crystallisation. Before crystallisation experiments begin with the biomolecule, it is advisable to assay the purity, measure the concentration, and choose a suitable solvent formulation. These parameters are not necessarily straightforward to evaluate. Thereafter, the initial crystallisation screening attempts to examine the effects of chemical space, temperature, pH, and kinetics. Because initial screens do not typically produce diffraction-quality crystals, suggestions are offered for how to optimise screening outcomes. In this context, seeding is particularly powerful, on its own, or in synergy with other optimisation techniques. The chapter concludes with the observation that biomolecular crystallisation remains a poorly understood problem. It is proposed that collecting more information about the crystallisation experiments - both the failed and successful ones - may contribute to a better understanding of the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Rivero-Pino, Diana C Rueda, Chee Seng Hee, Oana N Kubinyecz, Hannah E Lester
{"title":"Safety Aspects of Cell Culture-Derived Food for Human Consumption.","authors":"Fernando Rivero-Pino, Diana C Rueda, Chee Seng Hee, Oana N Kubinyecz, Hannah E Lester","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_333","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2026_333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of cell culture-derived foods such as cultured meat and seafood could represent a transformative shift in the food production system. However, the novel nature of these products raises safety considerations that must be addressed prior to market entry. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the safety assessment framework for cell culture-derived foods intended for human consumption. It summarises the critical components of the risk assessment to be applied, including cell line selection, gene editing and genetic modification of cell lines, culture media composition, nutritional information, and toxicological considerations. Special attention is given to potential risks such as contamination, genetic instability, allergenicity, and unintended effects from novel ingredients or culture media components. The chapter also explores current research gaps that need to be considered to ensure safety and support innovation in the food sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"221-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148343646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Producing Advanced Biofuel Butanol Through Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation.","authors":"Xue Chuang, Liu Ziyu, Cheng Chi","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_321","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2026_321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Butanol represents a high-energy-density advanced biofuel with superior compatibility to conventional fuel infrastructures and broad industrial significance. As a promising second-generation biofuel, biobutanol is predominantly produced via acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by solventogenic Clostridium species. This chapter focuses on biobutanol production from lignocellulosic agricultural residues, a non-food and sustainable feedstock. It illustrates the composition of lignocellulosic hydrolysates and the inhibitory effects of toxic byproducts on microbial metabolism and butanol biosynthesis. Key strategies including detoxification technologies, metabolic engineering for improved sugar co-utilization and stress tolerance, and consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) are systematically reviewed. Integration of strain engineering and process optimization significantly enhances fermentation efficiency and butanol productivity. The utilization of lignocellulosic biomass enables cost-effective, low-carbon, and sustainable biobutanol production, demonstrating great potential for industrial application and future bioenergy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"183-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Theoretical Perspectives for Biomolecular Crystallization Prediction.","authors":"James F Lutsko","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_329","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2026_329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"341-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148270076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspectives Towards AI and ML.","authors":"Guoquan Wu, Zhe Wu","doi":"10.1007/10_2025_298","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2025_298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter discusses the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML) to address the practical challenges in biomolecular crystallization processes. Although AI and ML techniques have been successfully applied in many scientific domains, to the best of our knowledge, there is no research that has yet applied ML to develop predictive models for biomolecular crystallization. Therefore, the key focus of this perspective is to demonstrate how ML approaches can be effectively applied to crystallization processes. While biomolecules and small molecules may have different properties and variables to predict, once sensor data are collected and transformed into a data array, the application of machine learning techniques becomes fundamentally similar from a mathematical point of view. Specifically, we start with a brief introduction to various types of ML methods and provide a review of the applications of AI and ML to crystallization. AI and ML have become increasingly important in improving our understanding of biomolecular crystallization, offering new insights and predictive capabilities that were previously unattainable. Subsequently, we introduce three ML approaches to address practical implementation issues in the context of modeling the crystallization processes. Two examples of crystallization processes are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ML algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"383-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Valorization of Agricultural Residues Through Nutrient Enrichment for Animal Farming.","authors":"Minmin Cai, Zhengzheng Zhao","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_328","DOIUrl":"10.1007/10_2026_328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The valorization of agricultural residues into high-value feed resources is essential for sustainable livestock production. Insects have emerged as efficient bioconversion agents due to their rapid growth, high feed conversion efficiency, and ability to utilize diverse organic wastes. This chapter reviews key insect species, including Tenebrio molitor, Musca domestica, Acheta domesticus, Bombyx mori, Alphitobius diaperinus, and Hermetia illucens, highlighting their roles in converting agricultural by-products into nutrient-rich biomass. Their nutritional profiles, including protein, lipids, and bioactive compounds, and their applications in poultry, aquaculture, and livestock feeds are summarized. Special attention is given to black soldier fly larvae for their industrial potential and role in reducing antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes. Overall, insect-based systems provide a sustainable strategy to recycle waste, enhance feed efficiency, and support circular agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"283-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}