Arundhiti Hooda, Jana Alimam Alhusseini, Rishika Basak, Chunxiao Hu
{"title":"Revolutionizing Pancreatic Cancer Detection: The Role of AI-Integrated Biosensors in Early Diagnostics.","authors":"Arundhiti Hooda, Jana Alimam Alhusseini, Rishika Basak, Chunxiao Hu","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cancer, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is among the most aggressive malignancies, often progresses silently until advanced stages, which significantly contributes to high mortality rates. The development of biosensor technologies, when augmented by artificial intelligence (AI), represents a paradigm shift in early pancreatic cancer detection by enhancing analytical sensitivity and specificity, while enabling real-time data processing. This review critically evaluates AI-driven biosensors, including enzyme-based, immunosensor, nucleic acid, electrochemical, and optical platforms, highlighting their potential in detecting tumor-associated biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and microRNAs with unprecedented precision. AI-powered biosensors leverage machine learning and deep learning algorithms for pattern recognition, predictive modeling, and multi-sensor data integration, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and facilitating personalized medicine. Despite the transformative potential of these innovations, challenges remain, particularly concerning data standardization, clinical validation, regulatory compliance, and ethical considerations. Addressing these limitations through interdisciplinary research and translational efforts will be critical for the successful deployment of AI-integrated biosensors in clinical oncology. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current landscape, emerging trends, and future perspectives of AI-enhanced biosensor technologies for pancreatic cancer diagnostics. It highlights their potential to improve early detection, prognostic assessment, and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances on Biosynthesis of Human Milk Oligosaccharides.","authors":"Daming Liu, Wencheng Yin, Jiahui Yang, Zixian Wang, Shiyu Yuan, Xu Fang","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third most abundant solid component in human milk, exert pivotal biological functions like gut microbiota modulation and immune regulation. This review details HMOs' discovery, classification, content dynamics, and core biological roles and then summarizes three generations of synthesis technologies - chemical/enzymatic/chemo-enzymatic synthesis, bacterial biosynthesis, and yeast-based biosynthesis - analyzing their respective merits and limitations. Furthermore, it discusses key challenges in HMO industrialization, including regulatory compliance, fermentation scale-up, medium optimization, and process automation, and highlights the latest global approval progress of biosynthetic HMO products. The review provides a comprehensive reference for the advancement of HMO biosynthesis technologies and their industrial translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biosynthesis and Biotransformation of Plant Triterpenoids: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Lin Xiang, Linhao Chen, Bo Lv, Chun Li","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant triterpenoids, including tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpene saponins, represent a large and structurally diverse class of natural products with broad pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. These compounds are widely used in pharmacy and food industries. However, their production relies largely on plant extraction, which is associated with low yield, long cultivation cycles, and environmental pollution. In contrast, microbial biosynthesis offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. In recent years, synthetic biology has greatly accelerated the development of microbial cell factories for triterpenoid production. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biosynthetic pathways of plant triterpenoids. We also systematically summarize the key enzyme families involved, including oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), and UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), with emphasis on the diversity of their activities and substrate specificities. We further discuss the structural diversity and bioactivity of representative tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpenoids, such as ginsenosides, licorice triterpenoids, mogrosides, saikosaponins, and lupeol-type triterpenoids. To address the challenges of low productivity in microbial cell factories, we reviewed current challenges and corresponding strategies for efficient triterpenoid biosynthesis in engineered microbial hosts, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These strategies include metabolic flux rewiring, pathway compartmentalization and cytotoxicity alleviation. Finally, this review outlines future directions in the field, with a focus on how artificial intelligence (AI) can accelerate pathway elucidation, engineering of heterologous enzyme and microbial chassis, and process optimization, paving the way toward cost-effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable production of plant triterpenoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Advances and Future Perspectives in the Biomanufacturing of Lipopeptides: From Strain Engineering to Industrial Applications.","authors":"Minghua Ji, Junsong Sun","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial lipopeptides are amphiphilic natural products in which the peptide scaffold and the fatty-acyl chain jointly determine interfacial behavior, membrane activity, and biological specificity. Bacillus species remain the most developed industrial platforms owing to their ability to produce surfactin-, iturin-, and fengycin/plipastatin-type cyclic lipopeptides via modular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) systems. Recent efforts have moved beyond strain screening and single-gene overexpression toward integrated engineering strategies that couple pathway activation with precursor supply, developmental regulation, exporter capacity, membrane tolerance, fermentation control, and downstream recovery. Integrated strain and process engineering improve yield and robustness, whereas programmable NRPS editing enables deliberate modification of amino-acid composition and fatty-acyl chain features. Application specificity remains a key consideration. Agricultural and environmental uses may accommodate functional mixtures provided batch-to-batch consistency is demonstrated. In contrast, food, cosmetic, and biomedical applications demand tighter compositional control, toxicological evaluation, and regulatory compliance. These differing requirements underscore that product profile and use context are as critical as titer in the successful biomanufacturing of lipopeptides.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongfei Chen, Falan Li, Mingcong Rong, Christina M McGraw, Yanfang Wu
{"title":"Visual and Portable Sensors for Antibiotic Residue Detection in Foods.","authors":"Dongfei Chen, Falan Li, Mingcong Rong, Christina M McGraw, Yanfang Wu","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread use of antibiotics in agriculture and livestock farming plays a crucial role in maintaining animal health and enhancing productivity. However, excessive use of antibiotics results in residues accumulating in food products, posing significant health risks. These antibiotic residues may trigger allergic reactions, have toxic effects and, most notably, contribute to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Conventional detection methods are often labor-intensive and costly and require complex sample preparation and specialized equipment, limiting their suitability for on-site analysis. Emerging visual and portable sensors have addressed these limitations by offering rapid, cost-effective, and user-friendly platforms for detecting residual antibiotics in foods. This chapter presents an overview of recent advancements in visual and portable sensors for antibiotic detection, detailing their operational principles, materials integration, and analytical performance in food matrices. We first review six commonly used antibiotics in food production, their mechanisms of action and risks as contaminants. We then explore visual detection technologies, focusing on lateral flow assays and fluorescence-based sensors. Next, we examine portable electrochemical sensing technologies, emphasizing their design strategies and performance characteristics. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future opportunities, highlighting areas for potential advancements toward practical, reliable, and commercially viable sensing platforms for antibiotic detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiqiang Du, Min Wang, Meng Gu, Yunpeng Zhang, Xiaoxi Zhang, Xuenian Huang, Xuefeng Lu
{"title":"Microbial Manufacturing and Application of trans-Aconitic Acid.","authors":"Zhiqiang Du, Min Wang, Meng Gu, Yunpeng Zhang, Xiaoxi Zhang, Xuenian Huang, Xuefeng Lu","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>trans-Aconitic acid, an unsaturated tricarboxylic acid, possesses considerable application potential in agriculture, biomaterials, and green chemistry, owing to its distinct chemical structure and thermodynamic stability. However, its industrial-scale production has long been hampered by the limited yields of plant extraction methods, as well as the economic and environmental drawbacks associated with chemical synthesis. This review systematically outlines the advances in the production and application of trans-Aconitic acid, with a specific focus on breakthroughs in microbial manufacturing. Through systematic metabolic engineering of industrial Aspergillus terreus, a high-titer trans-Aconitic acid cell factory was successfully developed. Subsequent optimization of the fermentation medium and process parameters enabled the establishment of a robust and scalable fermentation process, which was successfully validated in a 120 m<sup>3</sup> fermenter. In parallel, a green and efficient downstream process was designed to overcome challenges related to high solubility and complex impurity profiles of the fermentation broth, leading to the creation of the first industrial trans-Aconitic acid production line. These technological breakthroughs have facilitated commercial application of trans-Aconitic acid in two key areas: bionematicide formulations for sustainable crop protection and bio-based plasticizers of trans-Aconitates. The progress summarized in this review positions trans-Aconitic acid as a promising bio-based platform chemical and outlines a replicable route from laboratory innovation to industrial implementation for bio-derived organic acids.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Advances on Diol Bioproduction.","authors":"Xueying Wang, Xiaohui Wu, Yongjin J Zhou","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diols represent a vital class of bulk chemicals widely used in polymer materials, fine chemicals, cosmetics, and biomedical fields. Due to the advantages of renewable feedstock, mild reaction conditions, and stereoselectivity, biomanufacturing for diol production has attracted extensive attention. Although biosynthetic pathways for some diols exist in nature, utilizing native microorganisms for diol production faces challenges such as low product titer, limited product diversity, and poor strain tolerance, which fail to meet industrial requirements. This review summarizes both natural and nonnatural biosynthetic pathways of diols, with a focus on recently developed artificial routes. It further highlights advances made by Chinese researchers in strain development, systems metabolic engineering, and fermentation process optimization. Finally, this review discusses major challenges and future directions for diol biomanufacturing, offering significant insights for green and sustainable industrial-scale production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PHB Biomanufacturing in China.","authors":"Weinan Yang, Fang Yang, Weike Guo, Guo-Qiang Chen","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>China has made rapid progress from fundamental research to industrial translation in polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) biomanufacturing, with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and its copolymers as representative products. Propelled by the national \"dual carbon\" strategy, Chinese researchers and enterprises have developed unconventional halophilic chassis and next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB) to reduce the sterilization burden of conventional fermentation and enable open, continuous, and unsterile production. This review focuses on the NGIB-centered PHA/PHB landscape in China while also noting alternative chassis, established producers, downstream compounders, and emerging competitors. Future development will require not only C1 feedstock utilization, AI-assisted engineering, and life cycle material circularity, but also objective management of high-salt process risks such as corrosion and saline wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhendong Li, Keyi Zuo, Xianhao Xu, Xueqin Lv, Jian Chen, Long Liu
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Metabolic Regulation for Programmable Microbial Cell Factories.","authors":"Zhendong Li, Keyi Zuo, Xianhao Xu, Xueqin Lv, Jian Chen, Long Liu","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As metabolic engineering moves beyond static pathway optimization toward programmable cell factory design, dynamic metabolic control, and spatiotemporal regulation have emerged as key strategies for enhancing the efficiency, robustness, and adaptability of microbial biomanufacturing. Conventional static engineering approaches, including promoter replacement, gene overexpression, and pathway deletion, have enabled the biosynthesis of diverse chemicals and natural products. However, fixed genetic configurations are often unable to accommodate the dynamic physiological states that arise during cultivation, particularly under metabolic burden, intermediate toxicity, and growth-production trade-offs. Dynamic metabolic control addresses these limitations by sensing intracellular and extracellular cues to enable adaptive flux redistribution and decouple growth from production. Spatiotemporal regulation further extends this framework by coordinating both the timing and localization of pathway activities through enzyme co-localization, scaffold-guided assembly, compartmentalization, and division of labor in microbial consortia. Together, these strategies provide a conceptual and engineering framework for the rational design of next-generation microbial cell factories and for advancing more efficient and programmable biomanufacturing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Advances in Bioproduction of Diols: From Concept to Commercialization.","authors":"Youmeng Liu, Kunyu Liu, Tatsuhisa Tsuboi, Zhen Chen","doi":"10.1007/10_2026_340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2026_340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diols represent a crucial class of bulk chemicals with extensive applications across the polymer, cosmetics, fuel, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Developing biological routes to produce diols from renewable feedstocks such as biomass and C1 substrates is of great significance for reducing dependence on fossil resources and mitigating carbon dioxide emissions and has therefore attracted widespread attention in recent years. Although the biomanufacturing of some diols has been successfully commercialized, cost-effective bioproduction of most other diols remains challenging. Primary bottlenecks include the lack of efficient natural biosynthetic pathways and the low productivity of engineered strains. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in the microbial synthesis of diols, with a particular focus on the development of novel metabolic pathways and metabolic engineering strategies aimed at achieving efficient biosynthesis of C2 to C6 diols. Furthermore, we discuss the current state and major challenges associated with translating these biosynthetic processes into industrial applications, as well as future development prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7198,"journal":{"name":"Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}