Additive manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"3D printing of lignin-based supramolecular topological shape-morphing architectures with high strength, toughness, resolution, and fatigue resistance","authors":"Jian Yang ,&nbsp;Xingye An ,&nbsp;Lingyu Yin ,&nbsp;Bin Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Lyu ,&nbsp;Zhengbai Cheng ,&nbsp;Gangyuan Pan ,&nbsp;Hongbin Liu ,&nbsp;Yonghao Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design and fabrication of customized and sustainable elastomers with supramolecular frameworks remain a central focus of scientific research. 3D printing represents an advanced manufacturing technology that has garnered significant attention. Lignin, a naturally abundant polymer, fits well with 3D printing due to its unique aromatic-rich structures that can provide rigidity and structural support. However, challenges persist in developing UV-curable lignin-based inks and fabricating high-strength lignin-based composite hydrogels with tailored shapes and structures through vat photopolymerization (VPP) printing techniques, largely due to lignin’s inherent heterogeneity, fragility, and poor fluidity. Here, we successfully developed a unique lignin-based photosensitive macromonomer resin tailored for VPP 3D printing. Using an ethanol/water fractionation process, heterogeneous lignosulfonate (LS), a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, was treated to isolate highly reactive lignin fractions rich in phenolic hydroxyl and sulfonic groups. These fractions were then chemically modified to synthesize a lignin-based macromonomer known as urethane acrylated lignosulfonate (UALS). The resulting lignin-based macromonomer (15–35 wt%) exhibits excellent compatibility with photosensitive resin formulations, enabling effective VPP 3D printing. The 3D-printed lignin-based supramolecular composite hydrogels exhibit high strength (tensile strength of ∼2.12 MPa, an elongation at break of ∼220.13 %), high resolution, fatigue resistance (up to 10000 cycles), and moisture-induced responsive behavior. The development of 3D-printed lignin-based supramolecular elastomers with defined shapes and patterned structures significantly advances the discovery of robust and environmentally sustainable soft materials with potential applications in soft robotics and tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104519"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure, mechanical properties and deformation behavior of laser additively repaired 5083 and 6061 Al alloys utilizing AlMgScZr powders","authors":"Rong Xu ,&nbsp;Ruidi Li ,&nbsp;Tiechui Yuan ,&nbsp;Chengzhe Yu ,&nbsp;Minbo Wang ,&nbsp;Hongbin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser additive repair (LAR), as an efficient repair method, lacks specialized repair materials for Al alloys. In this work, the high-strength AlMgScZr powder was employed to address the scarcity of specialized materials and the issue of inadequate performance in LAR of 5083-H112/6061-T6 Al alloy. The microstructure, mechanical properties and deformation behavior of repaired specimens were studied. The repair zone (RZ) had high strength and high density, and the porosity was as low as 0.12 %. There was good compatibility between the repair material and the base metal (BM), and good metallurgical bonding was achieved at the fusion line. The microstructure and strengthening phase (T-phase) in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the 5083 repaired parts exhibited negligible changes, there was no deterioration in mechanical properties. The yield strength was 162 MPa, tensile strength was 291 MPa, and elongation was 16.2 %, reaching 94 %, 104 %, and 70 % of the BM, respectively. The mechanical properties are superior in the current research on LAR of Al alloys. The LAR technique showcases its versatility in repairing aging non-strengthening Al alloys. The transition of β′′→β′ (or with B′/U1/U2)→β of the nano-reinforced phase resulted in deteriorative mechanical properties of HAZ in the 6061 repair part, consequently, the tensile strength of 6061 repair part was only 63.8 % of the strength of BM. After solution aging treatment, the β′′ phase in HAZ re-precipitated, effectively restoring the strength of 6061 repaired parts. The tensile strength of the repaired parts was increased to 95.2 % of the strength of BM. The present study elucidates the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during LAR process of Al alloys, offering valuable insights for future applications of this technology on Al alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104526"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Si3N4f/Si3N4 wave-transparent composites by vat photopolymerization combined with chemical vapor infiltration","authors":"Xuye Wang ,&nbsp;Wenyan Duan ,&nbsp;Shan Li ,&nbsp;Bingshan Liu ,&nbsp;Gong Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strategic combination of material selection, forming processes, and densification techniques is crucial for optimizing the performance of wave-transparent materials in extreme environments. This study is the first time to prepare Si₃N_4 f/Si₃N₄ wave-transparent composites using a combination of vat photopolymerization (VPP) 3D printing and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) processes. The effects of Si₃N_4 f content on slurry preparation, green part printing, and final performance were systematically investigated. The addition of Si₃N_4 f significantly enhanced the toughness of Si₃N₄ ceramics. Apart from their inherent toughening mechanisms, the \"chimeric pinning\" effect of the fibers contributes to increased interlayer bonding strength, thereby favorably impacting the mechanical properties. Combining VPP 3D printing and CVI processes resulted in Si₃N_4 f/Si₃N₄ composites with a linear shrinkage rate within 1 %, essentially achieving near-net shaping. Additionally, the composites exhibited excellent mechanical and dielectric properties, with a flexural strength of 76.2 MPa, fracture toughness of 4.24 MPa·m^1/2, a dielectric constant of 4, and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.01. This study leverages the high strength and toughness advantages of Si₃N_4 f and employs VPP 3D printing combined with CVI to achieve the objectives of lightweight, high transmittance, and near-net shaping. It provides theoretical support and experimental validation for designing and manufacturing wave-transparent materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104540"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of layer-wise femtosecond laser shock peening on cracking growth in laser powder bed fused AA 7075","authors":"Dianzheng Wang,&nbsp;Kailun Li,&nbsp;Jun Yao,&nbsp;Xiaozhuo Geng,&nbsp;Baorui Du","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Though laser powder bed fused (LPBF) technology has been widely applied in various industries, it still suffers from the issues of residual stress deformation and cracking, etc. This paper introduced the layer-wise femtosecond laser (fs-laser) shock peening (FLSP) firstly, as far as the authors know, to the LPBF process with the aim of tailoring the residual stress and suppressing cracking. A verification experiment on AA 7075 demonstrated that the surface crack density was reduced by 39 % with a layer-wise FLSP. The crack suppression can be explained from two aspects. On one side, the residual tensile stress was tailored to near zero, decreasing the cracking growth motivation. On the other side, the grain size was decreased while the dislocation density was increased with the FLSP, increasing the cracking growth resistance. This study provides novel ideas for solving the problems of deformation and cracking in LPBF technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104525"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-layer thermal simulation using physics-informed neural network","authors":"Bohan Peng,&nbsp;Ajit Panesar","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a physics-informed neural network (PINN)-based solution framework that predicts the thermal history during a multi-layer Directed Energy Deposition (DED) process. The meshless nature and the readily available derivative information of PINN solution opens up new opportunities for modelling the thermally induced distortion in metal Additive Manufacturing (AM). The proposed framework incorporates simple yet effective strategies that enable PINN to overcome the usual shortfall of neural networks (NNs) in dealing with discontinuities. It is a critical step for applying PINN to the multi-layer problem which intrinsically contains discontinuities due to the layer-by-layer nature of DED and other metal AM processes. The accuracy of the proposed framework is validated via a benchmark test against ANSYS simulation. Leveraging the possibility of initialisation with prior knowledge, PINN is also demonstrating potential computational time-savings, especially for larger parts. Furthermore, remarks on strategies to improve ease of training and prediction accuracy by PINN for the particular use case in DED temperature history prediction have been made. The proposed framework sets the foundation for the subsequent exploration of applying scientific machine learning (SciML) techniques to real-life engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104498"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional honeycomb structured BaTiO3-based piezoelectric ceramics via texturing and vat photopolymerization","authors":"Lianzhong Zhao ,&nbsp;Xi Yuan ,&nbsp;Xuefan Zhou ,&nbsp;Qijun Wang ,&nbsp;Jiang Li ,&nbsp;Xiang Xiong ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuan Chen ,&nbsp;Siyang Chen ,&nbsp;Dengfeng Ju ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Dou Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Textured piezoelectric ceramics have attracted significant attention due to their ability to achieve ultra-high piezoelectric properties comparable to single crystals at a lower cost. Traditional processing techniques, such as tape casting, can efficiently produce textured piezoelectric ceramics with simple structures but are inadequate for fabricating three-dimensional structures with high complexity, thereby limiting their applications in specific fields. Vat photopolymerization (VPP), an advanced additive manufacturing technology, can rapidly and accurately create intricate three-dimensional structures. Crucially, VPP can provide the necessary shear force to align the templates, resulting in the highly-textured piezoelectric ceramics. In this study, BaTiO₃-based piezoelectric ceramics with a high degree of texture (97.2 %) were produced using VPP technology. These ceramics exhibited a large piezoelectric coefficient (<em>d</em>₃₃ = 511 pC/N), which was 66 % higher than that of non-textured ceramics. Furthermore, textured ceramics with a honeycomb structure were fabricated, demonstrating their potential in sensing applications. This work confirms the feasibility of using VPP technology to prepare high-performance, complex-structured textured ceramics, thereby promoting the development and application of textured piezoelectric ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104542"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive manufacturing of Diels-Alder self-healing polymers: Separate heating system to enhance mechanical, healing properties and assembly-free smart structures","authors":"A. Pavone ,&nbsp;S. Terryn ,&nbsp;H. Abdolmaleki ,&nbsp;A.C. Cornellà ,&nbsp;G. Stano ,&nbsp;G. Percoco ,&nbsp;B. Vanderborght","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decades, self-healing polymers have become increasingly popular due to their unique ability to recover mechanical and functional properties after sustaining structural damage, which significantly extends their lifespan compared to traditional polymers. Material Extrusion (MEX) 3D printing has recently emerged as a possible manufacturing approach for processing self-healing polymers; however, commercial MEX 3D printers lack of the flexibility to fabricate complex and functional structures based on such materials. In this work, an innovative MEX setup for extruding self-healing polymer networks based on a thermo-reversible reaction is presented. The proposed approach is based on the leverage of a separate heating system (SHS), enabling the degelation of the self-healing polymer network into a printable ink. This SHS regulates both the syringe-barrel, and nozzle temperatures during the processing (degelation and extrusion) of self-healing inks, leading to enhanced mechanical performance (Young modulus, tensile strength), and extrusion accuracy of 3D printed structures. The effectiveness of the SHS-based approach is demonstrated by an improved geometrical accuracy (filament deviation reduced by 26 %), which is directly correlated to the mitigation of the extrusion force (variability reduced by 77 %). Moreover, the SHS approach also improved both the mechanical properties and the self-healing performance of the printed parts. Finally, two different self-healing polymers a dielectric and an electrically conductive were extruded in a single manufacturing cycle to fabricate a self-sensing structure. This structure is capable of detecting bending with a sensitivity of 3.10 Ω/degree, even after healing. This paper aims to advance the role of MEX beyond its current limitations by enabling processing of high-quality self-healing structures with embedded sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104535"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced energy absorption and low anisotropy of additively manufactured porous Ti-6Al-4V alloy with disordered trapezo-rhombic dodecahedron structures","authors":"Rusheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Shiyue Guo ,&nbsp;Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Wen Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Yang ,&nbsp;Xuezheng Yue ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Guo ,&nbsp;Huiling Tang ,&nbsp;Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of porous metals possessing outstanding characteristics for lightweight structural applications and energy absorption. The mechanical properties of porous metals are influenced by factors such as porosity, cell shape, cell size, and loading direction. This study explores porous Ti-6Al-4V samples with both ordered and disordered cellular structures, manufactured via the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. We systematically investigate their anisotropic compression behavior under varying degrees of regularity. Results indicate that samples with ordered cellular structures demonstrate higher compressive strength under <em>z</em>-axis compression but are susceptible to shear band formation under <em>x</em>- and <em>y</em>-axis compression, significantly reducing strength. As regularity decreases, shear bands diminish, leading to more uniform plastic deformation across all directions. Notably, at a regularity coefficient <em>R</em> = 0.8, the samples exhibit optimal mechanical performance, including the highest plastic collapse strength and energy absorption capacity. Decreasing regularity also reduces the anisotropy of the porous structures, with the lowest anisotropy observed at <em>R</em> = 0.4; however, the optimal overall mechanical performance is achieved at <em>R</em> = 0.8. Adjusting the porous structure regularity is key to achieving isotropy and optimizing mechanical properties, offering significant advantages for practical applications in lightweight structures and energy absorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104557"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realizing arbitrary 3D microarchitectures with curved and near-sharp segments via toolpath strategies in aerosol jet printing","authors":"Sandra M. Ritchie ,&nbsp;Chunshan Hu ,&nbsp;Rahul Panat","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol Jet (AJ) printing is a jetting-based additive manufacturing (AM) technique that uses droplets in an aerosol form to deposit nanoparticles or polymer inks at a length scale of about 10 micrometers. The desired structural geometries via AJ printing can be obtained at a high efficiency and accuracy by engineered toolpaths and fill strategies. Recently, AJ printing is used to create three-dimensional (3D) freestanding microarchitectures such as microlattices, spirals, walls, and micropillars without any auxiliary support during printing. In this work, we demonstrate that for curved segments, the difference in the printed material volume on the convex side vs concave side leads to the accumulation of material while building freestanding 3D microarchitectures. This effect is most severe for sharp corners, which leads to build-defects such as protrusions and voids. We carry out a systematic study of the material accumulation on curved segments of AJ printed 3D microarchitectures. For 3D microwall segments with sharp curved portions, a positive (or negative) material accumulation causing large overgrowths (or voids) as a function of the angle between the tangents on the two sides of the microwalls and the radii of curvature are studied. For sharp bends (&lt;15°) in the microwalls, adding a radius of curvature may not be sufficient to avoid overgrowths and voids, and the lines can be considered as individual segments. For microwall bends with &gt;45° angle between the segments, smaller radii of curvature can be tolerated. We conclude that a fillet radius equal to the line width for 30° angles is necessary to avoid accumulation and therefore the protrusion defects. A simple model based on mass-conservation is also developed which shows the importance of considering ink self-leveling during printing. This information is then used for toolpath strategies to avoid defects on sharp curved microwall segments for complex 3D architectures such as protruding star shape and Scotty Dog, the Carnegie Mellon University mascot. This research will enable the defect-free fabrication of highly complex 3D microarchitectures via jetting-based AM techniques such as AJ printing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104549"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of interface on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-direct energy deposited Ti60 alloy","authors":"Jinhan Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Tinglian Zhang ,&nbsp;Jin Min ,&nbsp;Zhonggang Sun ,&nbsp;Qi Liu ,&nbsp;Huang Yuan ,&nbsp;Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2024.104560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the laser-direct energy deposition (L-DED) was employed to fabricate Ti60 structures on the wrought Ti60 substrate. Detailed microstructure characterization and mechanical behavior investigation of the deposited material and substrate material were carried out. The parameter of the improved indentation inversion algorithm was optimized to obtain local elastoplastic properties of the interface between deposition and substrate. Quantitative analyses show that the interface exhibits improved mechanical properties compared to the wrought substrate. The theoretical strengthening models confirms that by introducing overall α texture and acicular α/α′ in deposited zone and heat-affected zone, additional grain boundary strengthening is achieved by reducing the effective grain size, while simultaneously achieving additional dislocation strengthening when compared to the substrate zone. For the sample which has both deposited material and substrate, the yield and fracture stresses are determined by the strength of the wrought substrate. The over-matching between the deposited zone with higher strength and the substrate zone does not compromise the overall structural strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104560"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}