Additive manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"Acoustic performances of triply periodic minimal surfaces fabricated by additive manufacturing: Effects of cell geometry, aspect ratio, and wall thickness","authors":"L. Giorleo ,&nbsp;S. Basu ,&nbsp;E. Piana","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work evaluates the acoustic absorption of additively manufactured Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS), focusing on Gyroid and Diamond geometries with varying aspect ratios (AR) and wall thicknesses (WT). Samples were characterized using two and four-microphone impedance tubes, and a test bench for measuring air flow resistivity. Results show that Diamond structures with AR = 0.5 and WT = 0.5 mm achieved almost complete sound absorption (α = 99) at 1185 Hz with a 30 mm sample thickness, outperforming Gyroid geometries. Lower AR values enhanced sound absorption at mid-frequency by increasing tortuosity and decreasing flow resistivity. The non-acoustic parameters retrieved from measurements were used for an inverse characterization based on the Johnson Champoux Allard model. The fitting proved to be very good. These findings provide practical design criteria for optimizing TPMS-based acoustic absorbers in industrial noise control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 104835"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving excellent strength-ductility synergy in an additively manufactured titanium alloy by forming a bi-heterogeneous structure","authors":"Wenqi Dong ,&nbsp;Xu Chen ,&nbsp;Yali Dong ,&nbsp;Chunlei Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additively manufactured (AM) titanium alloys often suffer strength-ductility tradeoff and need new strengthening mechanisms to overcome this issue. In recent years, heterostructures have been synthesized in a number of metallic materials many leading to enhanced strength-ductility synergy. Heterostructures were also reported in several AM-processed titanium alloys lately but the role of the heterostructures in mechanical property development and deformation mechanisms in these materials remains unclear. In this study, by taking advantage of microscale chemical inhomogeneity in a novel AM-processed titanium alloy, we achieve a unique heterostructure characterized by alternated layers of α-enriched fine grains and α-free coarse grains through controlled heat treatment, which leads to a tensile 0.2 % yield strength of 1033 MPa and a large elongation of 19 %. Loading-unloading-reloading test demonstrates that back stress strengthening contributes significantly to the strength of the material. In-situ tensile test and microstructural characterization reveal that the fine-grained zones and the interfaces between fine- and coarse-grained zones experience more pronounced strain accumulation than the interior of large grains during tensile deformation. Strain gradients form from the zone boundaries into the interior of the large grains. These indicate that back-stress strengthening has been indeed operative during deformation. Moreover, increased slip bands and shear bands form within grains with increased strain and dislocations were found to cut through both the β matrix and α precipitates, which accounts for the excellent ductility. The present work paves the way for enhancing strength-ductility synergy in AM-processed titanium alloys by creating heterostructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 104832"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-modal contrastive causal consistency fusion for anomaly detection in additive manufacturing","authors":"Junwei Gu ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Jianing Chen ,&nbsp;Mingquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zenghui Wang ,&nbsp;Jiahao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing demand for intelligent and efficient process monitoring in additive manufacturing (AM), multi-sensor data fusion has shown superior anomaly detection accuracy over single-modality sensor systems. However, cross-modal data exhibit substantial differences in feature distributions, presenting challenges for their fusion. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes an anomaly detection method using multiple sensor modalities, integrating their data via a causal approach. First, a contrastive feature extraction method is introduced to identify anomaly-sensitive features within each sensor modality. Second, causal consistency alignment is utilized to exploit the causal relationships among cross-modal data, thereby facilitating collaborative learning across multi-sensor data during the AM process. Third, a collaborative fusion strategy based on global attention mechanisms using transformers is proposed to adaptively fuse multi-modal features for anomaly detection tasks. Finally, the real fused deposition modeling (FDM) dataset, sourced from an AM dataset platform with multiple sensor modalities, is utilized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances early anomaly detection and the identification of anomalous regions in comparison to existing methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 104816"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into radiation damage in additively manufactured alloy 718","authors":"Huayan Hu ,&nbsp;Tianji Zhao ,&nbsp;Donghai Du ,&nbsp;Xianglong Guo ,&nbsp;Hefei Huang ,&nbsp;Chenyang Lu ,&nbsp;Miao Song","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alloy 718 is one of the microstructural complex materials used in nuclear reactors. Additive manufacturing offers new deployment options but introduces unique structural features that complicate radiation damage behaviors, which remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the impacts of dislocation cells, cell boundary segregation, and precipitation on radiation damage in seven structural variants of additively manufactured (AM) 718 through thermal separation. Annealing isolated as-built dislocation cells and cell boundary segregation, while thermal aging incorporated γ'/γ″ nanoprecipitates or δ phase. These variants were then subjected to 1 MeV He⁺ ion irradiation at 400, 500, and 600 ℃ to a fluence of 5 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm². Results show that dislocation cells and dislocations in AM variants effectively absorbed interstitial clusters and delayed Frank loop evolution. However, cell boundaries, exhibiting an interstitial bias, accelerated helium swelling. Among the various variables, the matrix Nb and Ti contents have the most significant effect on helium swelling. High Nb and Ti levels enhance defect trapping, which bind vacancies and promote defect recombination, reducing steady-state defect concentrations and delaying defect evolution. In contrast, Nb and Ti depletions, either due to segregation or γ′/γ″ and δ precipitations, accelerate dislocation loop formation and helium swelling, with δ-containing samples exhibiting the most severe effects. The as-built 718 alloy exhibited lower loop formation incubation dose and increased swelling compared to recrystallized counterpart. Thermal-aged variants with γ'/γ″ and δ precipitates promoted loop evolution and swelling compared to non-aged variants. Therefore, AM 718 is recommended to be homogenized or recrystallized for solution-annealed variant and avoid δ precipitation for precipitation-hardened variant. This is an initial study using thermal separation to clarify the individual impacts of dislocation cells, segregation and precipitations on the radiation effects in AM 718, providing guidelines for its nuclear applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 104827"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-inherent strain method for efficient residual stress prediction in additive manufacturing process","authors":"Cong Hoang Dang ,&nbsp;Zhengtong Shan ,&nbsp;Dac-Phuc Pham ,&nbsp;Kyung-Hwan Jung ,&nbsp;Hobyung Chae ,&nbsp;Wanchuck Woo ,&nbsp;Vladimir Luzin ,&nbsp;Dong-Kyu Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and efficient estimation of residual stress and distortion at the design stage remains crucial and challenging, primarily due to the complex and subjective calibrations required by existing modeling methods, hindering their widespread adoption in the additive manufacturing (AM) process. The inherent strain method (ISM) has been widely used due to its proven effectiveness in predicting distortion and for its low computational cost as simulations rely on a single static analysis. Inherent strain is calculated from a meso-scale thermomechanical simulation and applied to a part-scale mechanical simulation, significantly reducing computational time. However, predicting residual stress with conventional ISM requires additional fictious non-physical property modeling, limiting its effectiveness. This study proposes a novel dual-inherent strain method (DISM) for efficient residual stress simulation in additive manufacturing, while retaining the distortion prediction accuracy. The method improves residual stress prediction with a new procedure to calculate and apply strain in part-scale simulations, capturing strain evolution during the AM process without needing calibration in property modeling. The proposed method is validated by experiments conducted on a Ti-6Al-4V double-cantilever beam processed by laser powder bed fusion. Additionally, the proposed approach eliminates the need for calibration of a threshold of fictious non-physical material property used in the conventional ISM, which significantly influences prediction results. On average, the new DISM achieves a 41 % reduction in computational time compared to the conventional ISM. This systematic method is adaptable to different materials and processes without the need for recalibration, making it broadly applicable to various scenarios in additive manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 104829"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic study of fiber damage evolution in 3D printing of two-matrix continuous carbon fiber-reinforced composites based on electrical conductivity changes","authors":"Jiale Yi ,&nbsp;Ben Deng ,&nbsp;Fangyu Peng ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Xie ,&nbsp;Aodi Yan ,&nbsp;Zhijie Li ,&nbsp;Rong Yan ,&nbsp;Jinguo Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the critical issue of fiber breakage defects that significantly affect the mechanical performance of 3D printed two-matrix continuous carbon fiber-reinforced composites. A conductivity-based method is proposed to characterize the extent of fiber fracture during the printing process. The entire process is segmented into five stages, from the raw two-matrix prepreg filament (<em>Stage</em> 1) to the final printed part (<em>Stage</em> 5). The relationship between fiber breakage and electrical conductivity at different stages is systematically investigated, verifying the effectiveness of electrical conductivity as an indicator for assessing fiber continuity and damage severity. Experimental analysis under varying processing parameters further reveals that the electrical conductivity of printed part is highly sensitive to both printing speed and temperature. These findings indicate that conductivity monitoring can effectively capture the degradation in mechanical performance caused by microscale defects, offering valuable guidance for process parameters optimization. Within the given process and parameter range in this paper, the optimal process parameter combination is a printing temperature of 210°C and a printing speed coefficient of 3. Finally, by integrating thermal property analysis and microstructural characterization, the study elucidates a damage evolution mechanism dominated by epoxy softening-induced interfacial failure and thermo-temporal stress accumulation. This mechanism collectively drives the fracture of continuous carbon fibers during printing, laying the groundwork for future multiscale modeling of damage evolution in two-matrix continuous carbon fiber-reinforced composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 104826"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of laser powder bed fusion parameters on the delta-ferrite to austenite phase transformation in duplex stainless steels","authors":"X.Y. He ,&nbsp;V.V. Rielli ,&nbsp;Q. Liu ,&nbsp;X.P. Li ,&nbsp;V. Luzin ,&nbsp;N. Haghdadi ,&nbsp;S. Primig","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of 2205 duplex stainless steels is attractive for making complex shaped engineering parts for applications requiring unique combinations of strength-toughness-corrosion properties. However, as-built parts possess highly non-equilibrium microstructures (&gt;98 % δ-ferrite). The desirable balanced austenite/δ-ferrite microstructure can be recovered after a brief heat treatment, potentially achieving much finer duplex microstructures than in wrought counterparts. However, systematic understanding of how LPBF parameters control the microstructural characteristics of the parent δ-ferrite and, hence, the transformed austenite product, is currently missing. We aim to close this gap by establishing the process-microstructure-property relationship using multi-scale characterization and nano-indentation. We compare as-built and heat-treated conditions fabricated with eight different combinations of laser power and scan speed. We show how variations in residual stress, texture, and characteristics of dislocations and inclusions in the parent δ-ferrite control the phase fraction, morphology, grain size, texture, and variant selection of the daughter austenite. A higher dislocation density in δ-ferrite is found to be associated with lower laser power and/or higher scan speed, contributing to higher hardness in as-built δ-ferrite and smaller intragranular austenite grain sizes in heat-treated conditions. Higher residual stress and/or stronger δ-ferrite texture contribute to higher austenite phase fractions. Intragranular austenite variant selection is revealed to be related to the complexity of δ-ferrite dislocation structures, and results in significant hardness increments in the heat-treated conditions. These findings highlight the capability of microstructural engineering via adjusting LPBF parameters and controlling materials performance through manipulating solid-state phase transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 104825"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed loop recycling approach for aged polyamide 12 feedstocks for powder bed fusion by precipitation from a moderate solvent combined with solvolysis","authors":"Florentin Tischer ,&nbsp;Simon Cholewa ,&nbsp;Björn Düsenberg ,&nbsp;Dietmar Drummer ,&nbsp;Andreas Bück ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Peukert ,&nbsp;Jochen Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A major challenge in the powder bed fusion (PBF) process with polyamides, which are the most commonly used powders, is the handling of already used powder (aged powder). During PBF, polyamide powders undergo chemical ageing, resulting in altered thermal and rheological properties of the feedstock material. Components made from aged powder are of inferior quality. Therefore, aged powder is usually refreshed with new (virgin) powder. Although, a substantial amount of aged powder accumulates over the course of processing. These excess quantities are either employed in other plastic manufacturing processes (downcycling) or, more frequently, disposed. A combined process of solvolysis with subsequent thermally induced liquid-liquid phase separation and polymer crystallisation (TIPS+S) is used to restore the thermal properties and rheological properties of aged polyamide 12 (PA12) and thus to make the powders suitable for PBF again. The degree of solvolysis of the aged PA12 is tuned by reaction temperature or reaction time. A kinetic model allows to determine suitable process parameters for TIPS+S depending on the ageing condition of the feed to match the thermal properties of the recycled PA12 powders to those of PA12 virgin powder. The optimised recycled PA12 powder shows comparable zero shear viscosity, particle size distribution, particle shape and flowability to the virgin material. Specimen built from equally mixed recycled and aged PA12 powder achieved the same mechanical properties like those obtain by PBF of equally mixed virgin and aged powder. Therefore, a closed loop recycling approach is feasible, in which aged PA12 powders from the PBF process are recycled by the proposed TIPS+S process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 104822"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning based optical image super-resolution via generative diffusion models for layerwise in-situ LPBF monitoring","authors":"Francis Ogoke ,&nbsp;Sumesh Kalambettu Suresh ,&nbsp;Jesse Adamczyk ,&nbsp;Dan Bolintineanu ,&nbsp;Anthony Garland ,&nbsp;Michael Heiden ,&nbsp;Amir Barati Farimani","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stochastic formation of defects during Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) negatively impacts its adoption for high-precision use cases. Optical monitoring techniques can be used to identify defects based on layer-wise imaging, but these methods are difficult to scale to high resolutions due to cost and memory constraints. Therefore, we implement generative deep learning models to link low-cost, low-resolution images of the build plate to detailed high-resolution optical images of the build plate, enabling cost-efficient process monitoring. To do so, a conditional latent probabilistic diffusion model is trained to produce realistic high-resolution images of the build plate from low-resolution webcam images, recovering the distribution of small-scale features and surface roughness. We first evaluate the performance of the model by analyzing the reconstruction quality of the generated images using peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and wavelet covariance metrics that describe the preservation of high-frequency information. Additionally, we design a framework based upon the Segment Anything foundation model to recreate the 3D morphology of the printed part and analyze the surface roughness of the reconstructed samples. Finally, we explore the zero-shot generalization capabilities of the implemented framework to other part geometries by creating synthetic low-resolution data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 104790"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving uniformly refined grain structure in fusion-based metal additive manufacturing: Experimental demonstration and analytical model development","authors":"Minglei Qu ,&nbsp;Jiandong Yuan ,&nbsp;Qilin Guo ,&nbsp;Ali Nabaa ,&nbsp;Luis Izet Escano ,&nbsp;Junye Huang ,&nbsp;Qingyuan Li ,&nbsp;Lianyi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addma.2025.104805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adding nucleants is a common method for achieving columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) in laser metal additive manufacturing (AM). However, the resulting microstructure often exhibits heterogeneity due to variations in solidification conditions across different melt pool locations, which introduces uncertainties in mechanical properties. Here, we achieved uniformly refined equiaxed grain structure at every location of the melt pool during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Al6061 by adding TiC naoparticles. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of columnar to equiaxed transition at different melt pool locations, we employed experimentally validated thermo-fluid dynamics simulations to capture the dynamic evolution of solidification conditions. Analysis using Hunt’s CET model revealed that TiC-induced heterogeneous nucleation can facilitate columnar to equiaxed transition only at the melt pool center. Further grain refinement at the melt pool boundary, characterized by a low solidification rate and a high temperature gradient, was achieved through particle-induced grain growth restriction. Given previous analytical CET models do not explicitly account for particle-induced growth restriction effects, we developed an analytical model that integrates the particle induced growth restriction mechanism for predicting grain structure. The developed model accurately predicts the grain morphology evolution at different melt pool locations observed in our Al6061+TiC samples. Our research provides quantitative insights and material design guidelines for achieving uniformly refined grain structures in fusion-based metal AM processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7172,"journal":{"name":"Additive manufacturing","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 104805"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}