Nanotechnologies in Russia最新文献

{"title":"Minimum Acceptable Simulation Box Size Based on a Comparison of the Stability of Lysozyme Oligomers Using Molecular Dynamics","authors":"Yu. V. Kordonskaya,&nbsp;I. F. Garipov,&nbsp;V. I. Timofeev,&nbsp;M. A. Marchenkova,&nbsp;Yu. A. Dyakova,&nbsp;Yu. V. Pisarevsky,&nbsp;M. V. Kovalchuk","doi":"10.1134/S2635167624602304","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2635167624602304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The duration of a simulation directly depends on the size of the system under study: the larger its volume, the longer the calculations. Using a simulation box of minimal size is the most efficient in terms of calculation speed; however, its reduction is permissible only as long as it does not lead to a loss of accuracy of the results. To establish the threshold to which a box can be reduced, the molecular dynamics of lysozyme dimers and hexamers in a crystallization solution is modelled in simulation boxes of different sizes. Since dimers (and octamers) are present in lysozyme crystallization solutions, but hexamers (and tetramers) are absent, a comparison of their stability makes it possible to determine the correctness of the simulation results in each box. It is found that the dimer is more stable than the hexamer in all boxes under consideration, the smallest of which is set so that the minimum distance between the protein atoms and the box face is 1 nm. Thus, this offset is the minimum permissible one in the study of protein crystallization solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":716,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Russia","volume":"19 5","pages":"852 - 856"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S2635167624602304.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gilded Sewn-On Plaques of the Second Half of the 7th Century from a Burial Ground near the Village of Luchyste (Southwestern Crimea)","authors":"E. A. Khairedinova,&nbsp;A. V. Antipenko","doi":"10.1134/S2635167624601773","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2635167624601773","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The work analyzes the results of studying the metal composition of metal and the method of manufacturing sewn-on plaques found in one of the female burials of the second half of the 7th century in the Goto-Alan burial ground near the village of Luchistoe in Southwestern Crimea. It is found that the base of the plaques was stamped from a copper plate and then covered on the front side with a thin foil made of an alloy of silver and gold with a small copper content. Gold and silver are present in almost equal proportions (Ag 50–59%; Au 34–47%), while the copper content varies from 2 to 6%. The hollow plaques were filled with a special paste and then sewn to a leather ribbon which was worn on the head or sewn to the neck of a dress. Thus, we are dealing with an imitation of solid gold jewelry, the manufacture of which required the minimum amount of precious metals. Plaques of this type were most likely brought from the Carpathian basin. Here, on the territory of the Avar Khaganate, there are known finds of sets of such objects created in different variations, and there are also matrices for their manufacture.</p>","PeriodicalId":716,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Russia","volume":"19 4","pages":"606 - 610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Activity of a Prototype of a Biological Preparation: Composite of Nanoparticles and Plant-Based Carbohydrates","authors":"G. I. Churilov,&nbsp;S. D. Polishchuk,&nbsp;D. G. Churilov,&nbsp;V. V. Churilova,&nbsp;A. V. Shemyakin","doi":"10.1134/S2635167624602122","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2635167624602122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) and composites of metal NPs modified with polysaccharides is assessed by quantitative determination of the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To create the nanocomposites, nanoparticles of copper with a size of 25–40 nm and a specific surface area of 30–60 m²/g; iron, 30–40 nm, 40–50 m²/g; cobalt 30–50 nm, 30–50 m²/g are used, and the polysaccharide of the medicinal plant knotweed is used as a natural polymer. The multifunctional nanobiocomposites possess synergistic properties of the natural polymer matrix and the material of the central nanoscale core. They have a prolonged effect and are less toxic than the NPs themselves. The developed nanocomposites can increase wheat yields by 10–40%, and when introduced into animal feed, increase their growth rates and reduce morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":716,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Russia","volume":"19 5","pages":"778 - 785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of CuO-Containing Size-Controlled Nanoparticles with an Arabinogalactan Matrix and Their Interaction with Wood-Decay Fungi","authors":"G. P. Aleksandrova,&nbsp;L. A. Belovezhets,&nbsp;A. N. Sapozhnikov","doi":"10.1134/S2635167624600809","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2635167624600809","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, we report the synthesis of novel nontoxic CuO-containing nanocomposites with a polysaccharide matrix. Biocompatible CuO-containing nanoparticles are obtained under mild conditions by an environmentally friendly condensation method. The use of an arabinogalactan matrix to regulate the size of the nanoparticles and impart hydrophilicity to them is justified. The formation of copper oxides in the presence of a polysaccharide, as a stabilizing matrix, leads to the formation of monodisperse copper oxide nanoparticles with a controlled narrow size distribution (5–11 nm), due to effective stabilization by the functional groups of the polysaccharide. The copper-containing nanocomposites are characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis. Infrared spectroscopy is used to study the coordination between CuO and arabinogalactan nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet UV–Vis spectrometry are used to analyze the size and optical properties of the nanoparticles. The surface morphology and elemental composition are studied using XRDMA. The new hydrophilic nanocomposites in an arabinogalactan matrix are nontoxic materials with respect to natural microbial communities of wood-decay fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":716,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Russia","volume":"19 5","pages":"691 - 701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Allelic Structure of Photoperiodism Genes E1–E4 in Soybean Collections and Its Impact on the Timing and Duration of Flowering under the Growing Conditions of the Omsk Oblast","authors":"P. Yu. Kroupin,&nbsp;L. V. Omel’yanuk,&nbsp;M. A. Samarina,&nbsp;A. V. Arkhipov,&nbsp;A. M. Asanov,&nbsp;D. S. Ulyanov,&nbsp;S. A. Bursakov,&nbsp;N. V. Zlobnova,&nbsp;G. I. Karlov,&nbsp;M. E. Mukhordova,&nbsp;Yu. I. Yaschenko,&nbsp;M. G. Divashuk","doi":"10.1134/S2635167624601931","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2635167624601931","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soybean is a strategically important agricultural crop that serves as a source of vegetable fat and protein. The processed products derived from soybean are utilized in the food, livestock, and various other industries. To expand soybean production in Russia, it is essential to develop varieties that are adapted to the agroclimatic conditions of northern latitudes, including Western Siberia, which is characterized by a relatively short growing season and long daylight period. To effectively develop adaptive early-flowering and early-maturing soybean varieties, it is essential to evaluate the impact of the <i>E1</i>, <i>E2</i>, <i>E3</i>, and <i>E4</i> genes on the photoperiodic response of soybean and their influence on plant development timing under local conditions. A total of 102 accessions from the Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center’s collection were analyzed, including original varieties from the center, varieties from other domestic breeding centers, and foreign varieties and breeding accessions from Poland, Sweden, Belarus, Ukraine, Canada, and other countries. Data on flowering dates were collected from a field experiment conducted in the Omsk oblast between 2021 and 2023. Genotyping was performed using both classical PCR-based markers and next-generation markers based on competitive allele-specific PCR. The analysis revealed that the recessive alleles of the <i>E</i> loci, which produce a photoperiodically neutral phenotype (<i>e1-as</i>, <i>e1-fs</i>, <i>e2-ns</i>, <i>e3-tr</i>, <i>e3-fs</i>, <i>e4-kes</i>, <i>e4-kes</i>+<i>e4-SORE-1</i>), are predominant in the collection. Furthermore, it was determined that the <i>E2</i> and <i>E4</i> loci exert the most significant influence on the full flowering date, while the <i>E3</i> locus has the greatest effect on the end date of flowering and the overall duration of flowering. The findings can be utilized in marker-assisted selection to develop early-flowering varieties of the Siberian ecotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":716,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Russia","volume":"19 5","pages":"726 - 739"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for the Application of Nanostructured Biocarbon Sorbents in Clonal Micropropagation of Plants","authors":"A. E. Memetova,&nbsp;N. R. Memetov,&nbsp;O. V. Zakharova,&nbsp;I. A. Vasyukova,&nbsp;A. A. Gusev","doi":"10.1134/S2635167624602109","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2635167624602109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biocarbon materials are attracting increasing interest from researchers due to their excellent sorption properties and environmental friendliness of their production. Having a developed internal surface, nanostructured biocarbon materials demonstrate record sorption characteristics. One of the promising areas of application of such sorbents is plant biotechnology. Thus, an important problem of clonal micropropagation in vitro is the need to remove metabolites toxic to seedlings, primarily phenolic compounds. Biocarbon sorbents, including nanobiochars, have demonstrated high efficiency in the adsorption of such contaminants, including when introduced into nutrient media for plant-tissue culture. Changing the conditions for the synthesis of biocarbon nanomaterials directly affects their sorption characteristics, which opens up opportunities for the targeted production of optimal sorbents for intensifying and reducing the cost of the clonal micropropagation of plants. At the same time, uncertainty remains regarding the sorption and other properties of such promising materials as biographene and its derivatives when introduced as a component into media for plant-tissue culture. The mechanisms of the adsorption of phenolic compounds by carbon nanomaterials are not fully understood. There are concerns about the risks associated with the exposure of plants to nanoparticles and nanomaterials. All these questions require further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":716,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Russia","volume":"19 5","pages":"633 - 644"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-Raman Spectroscopy of Replicated Iron Ink","authors":"O. Yu. Derkacheva,&nbsp;E. M. Lotsmanova,&nbsp;E. S. Bystrova","doi":"10.1134/S2635167624601499","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2635167624601499","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An analysis of the Raman spectra of replicated ink is carried out, simulating recipes common in the ancient Russian written culture and made using an “ink nest.” When preparing the ink, two main sources of tannin are used (gallnuts and alder bark), which were recorded in authentic recipe texts. Characteristic sets of bands are identified in the Raman spectra of inks made on the basis of tannins from different sources. This work studies the effect on the Raman spectra of increasing the iron content in the ink nest, adding cherry gum, changing the time of maturing the solution, and the influence of the substrate—paper and parchment. It is revealed that during the process of artificial moist–heat aging for three days, no significant changes in the vibrational bands occurred.</p>","PeriodicalId":716,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Russia","volume":"19 4","pages":"509 - 516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles As Growth Stimulants for Willow Plants Obtained by the Method of Clonal Micropropagation","authors":"S. P. Chebotaryova,&nbsp;O. V. Zakharova,&nbsp;A. A. Gusev,&nbsp;G. V. Grigoriev,&nbsp;P. A. Baranchikov,&nbsp;N. S. Strekalova","doi":"10.1134/S2635167624601888","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2635167624601888","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, the development of technologies to improve the efficiency of existing micropropagation techniques remains relevant. This work contains the results of studying the effects of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) of spherical shape (20–40 nm) and CuO of flocculent morphology (diameter 50 to 200 nm, thickness 10–20 nm) on brittle willow plants and the assessment of their biological effects using the method of clonal micropropagation. At the multiplication stage, Ag and CuO NPs at a concentration of 3 μg/L increase the number of surviving and sterile microclones to 100%, and the shoot height was on average 27% higher than the control at concentrations of 1.5 and 3 μg/L. At the rooting stage, an increase in the number of rooted seedlings under the influence of Ag is noted. In in vivo experiments, brittle willow seedlings treated with a Ag solution at a concentration of 3 μg/L have the best resistance to nonsterile greenhouse conditions. The number of surviving microclones is 7% higher than the control values and the number of established plants is 27% higher. The height of the plants after 3 weeks is 5.3 cm, while for the control this figure is 4.8 cm. This study shows the prospects for using the studied NPs to stimulate the growth and development of willow plants in vitro and in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":716,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Russia","volume":"19 5","pages":"667 - 674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paste Inlays in the Decoration of Early Iron Age Vessels from the Lower Don Region","authors":"A. Yu. Loboda,&nbsp;N. V. Leonova,&nbsp;P. I. Kalinin,&nbsp;A. V. Mandrykina,&nbsp;S. N. Malakhov,&nbsp;E. S. Kulikova,&nbsp;E. Yu. Tereschenko,&nbsp;E. B. Yatsishina","doi":"10.1134/S2635167624601578","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2635167624601578","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the studies of paste-inlay samples from decorative grooves on fragments of two vessels from the Early Iron Age burial mound Peschaniy IV (Remontnensky raion, Rostov oblast). Vessel 1 is similar in type to North Caucasian ceramics and vessel 2 is similar to the ceramics of the Crimean steppe. A comprehensive study included the following methods: scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X‑ray microanalysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The paste of North Caucasian vessel 1 was made of natrojarosite powder mixed with kaolinite and was fired at a temperature in the range of 450–600°C. The paste of vessel 2 was made of calcite. The morphological features of the calcareous platelets of coccolithophores found in the calcite confirm that the origin of the raw material of the paste is the territory of Crimea.</p>","PeriodicalId":716,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Russia","volume":"19 4","pages":"535 - 541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing and Modification of the Protocol for Accelerated Growth of Malting Barley under Speed Breeding Conditions","authors":"A. G. Marenkova,&nbsp;A. O. Blinkov,&nbsp;S. Radzeniece,&nbsp;A. A. Kocheshkova,&nbsp;G. I. Karlov,&nbsp;V. A. Lavygina,&nbsp;M. V. Patrushev,&nbsp;M. G. Divashuk","doi":"10.1134/S2635167624601955","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2635167624601955","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Speed breeding is a method that reduces the generation time of spring cereals to two months. The method has gained significant popularity for addressing challenges in breeding and genetics. It relies on the use of physiological factors that accelerate flowering onset, shorten the generative phase of development, and overcome post-harvest seed dormancy. Currently, the use of speed breeding is not widespread in the Russian Federation due to a lack of regarding its implementation with Russian cereal genotypes. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using speed breeding to accelerate the growth of malting barley and developed our own protocol that initiates heading on the 39th day after sowing. By drying immature spikes and overcoming post-harvest seed dormancy, we were able to begin the growing of the next generation on the 77th day; furthermore, the use of embryo culture enabled us to reduce this time to 60 days. The use of a tool such as speed breeding has allowed us to carry out mass hybridization of plants and the development of pure lines following crosses in a short timeframe. It is also convenient for the introgression of genes of interest and the rapid propagation of valuable barley genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":716,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies in Russia","volume":"19 5","pages":"808 - 814"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}