Jianhui Wang, Qingxin Chen, Jinhao Zhang, Jialin Meng, Tianyu Wang
{"title":"Analysis and Applications of Neuromorphic Memristors in Artificial Intelligence Computing","authors":"Jianhui Wang, Qingxin Chen, Jinhao Zhang, Jialin Meng, Tianyu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-026-02322-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-026-02322-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced rapidly in recent years and has been widely applied in healthcare, intelligent sensing, machine perception, and image recognition. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the structure and operating principles of the human brain, has emerged as a promising paradigm for building efficient, low-power, and adaptive information processing systems. In this review, we summarize the development of neuromorphic memristors from the perspectives of biological inspiration, representative material systems, device architectures, performance metrics, and artificial intelligence-oriented applications. Different from previous reviews that mainly focus on memristor materials, switching mechanisms, or neuromorphic functions separately, this article further emphasizes the relationships between memristor characteristics and distinct AI-oriented tasks, including AI acceleration, neuromorphic computing, intelligent sensing, and human–machine interaction. Finally, the major challenges and future opportunities of neuromorphic memristors are discussed from the viewpoints of device optimization, system integration, scalability, and practical application.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-026-02322-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Buried Sulfonate Molecular Bridge for Synchronous Charge Transport and Defect Passivation in High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Leying Zha, Weilu Ding, Yalin Gao, Xiao Wu, Tinglu Song, Changhua Li, Chenghao Duan, Xinhui Lu, Guilong Cai, Suojiang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-026-02278-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-026-02278-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Bridging the 2-formylbenzenesulfonic acid salt molecule at the self-assembled molecules/perovskite buried interface enhances charge transfer via π–π stacking and passivates defects via Pb<sup>2+</sup> coordination, yielding a superior power conversion efficiency of 26.21%. </p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The modified devices demonstrate exceptional storage stability, retaining over 90% of their initial power conversion efficiencies after 4500 h in a nitrogen atmosphere without encapsulation.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Na<sup>+</sup> from 2-formylbenzenesulfonic acid salt effectively occupy A-site vacancies in the perovskite lattice, reinforcing structural stability and substantially improving device longevity.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-026-02278-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thi Le Huyen Mai, Zhe Sun, Won Jung Kang, Seunglok Lee, Taek-Soo Kim, Changduk Yang
{"title":"Polar-Twisted Electron-Transport Layer Simultaneously Breaks Efficiency-Flexibility-Cost Limits in Organic Solar Cells","authors":"Thi Le Huyen Mai, Zhe Sun, Won Jung Kang, Seunglok Lee, Taek-Soo Kim, Changduk Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-026-02330-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-026-02330-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perylene diimide (PDI)-based electron-transport layers (ETLs) are fundamental in governing charge extraction, interfacial recombination, and the operational longevity of organic solar cells (OSCs), yet their molecular design still lacks transferable principles. Here we present a PDI-ETL molecular design framework that couples bay-position engineering with polar, bulky side-chain modulation to improve additive-free alcohol solubility, suppress over-crystallization, and mitigate oxidative degradation. With this framework, H75-DMA suppresses reactive-oxygen-driven chemical evolution and interfacial trap accumulation, thereby stabilizing interfacial energetics and electron transport. Binary OSCs based on H75-DMA achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) above 20% and exhibit improved mechanical toughness and bending durability in flexible devices. Its smooth, high-surface-energy interface also induces continuous growth of ultrathin metal cathodes, leading to increased light-utilization efficiency in flexible semitransparent OSCs. In addition, H75-DMA enables cathode substitution from Ag to Cu while retaining about 97% of the PCE of the Ag-based devices, thereby improving cost-effectiveness at the device level.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-026-02330-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polymorphic Transformation and Dislocation Regulation in MoS2 Enabled by Electric Field Postprocessing for Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption","authors":"Xiangdong Wang, Zijing Li, Shengchong Hui, Hongjing Wu, Jiaming Wen, Limin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-026-02334-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-026-02334-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electric field modulation offers a non-contact route to tune electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) by controlling carrier behavior. However, current in-situ electric field modulation strategies are often hindered by multi-physics factors during synthesis, limiting a deeper understanding of the decoupled mechanism of the electric field. Here, we report a postprocessing strategy that employs direct current electric field to induce <i>d</i>-orbital electron migration, triggering the 2H to 1T-phase transition in MoS<sub>2</sub>, accompanied by dislocation generation. On one hand, the increased 1T-phase content optimizes the conductive loss. Meanwhile, the Fermi level mismatch at 2H/1T interfaces creates electron accumulation regions that drive polarization loss. On the other hand, positive and negative charges accumulate on opposite sides of the dislocation lines, forming ordered equivalent dipole arrays, markedly boosting polarization. After treatment at 6 V for 10 min, MoS<sub>2</sub> achieves an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.72 GHz at 2.20 mm, a 440% enhancement relative to the untreated sample. This improvement exceeds the typical 150% to 350% enhancement achieved by most field modulation strategies. This work demonstrates that the electric field postprocessing strategy effectively tailors the phase ratio, defects, and EWA performance of MoS<sub>2</sub>, offering a pathway for the design of advanced electromagnetic wave absorbers.</p>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-026-02334-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148716727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yajun Zhao, Qi Li, Yanan Lv, Shuoxiao Zhang, Kai Jiang, Meng Xu, Mudasir Muhammad, Yueyang Wang, Yang Ren, Yi Zhao, Xiaoming Sun
{"title":"Atomic High-Spin Cobalt Unlocks Reversible Multi-Electron Transfer Chemistry for Superb Aqueous Zn-Mn Batteries","authors":"Yajun Zhao, Qi Li, Yanan Lv, Shuoxiao Zhang, Kai Jiang, Meng Xu, Mudasir Muhammad, Yueyang Wang, Yang Ren, Yi Zhao, Xiaoming Sun","doi":"10.1007/s40820-026-02328-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-026-02328-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Atomically dispersed high-spin Co atoms embedded in layered MnO<sub>2</sub> are realized via in-situ topological phase transformation from CoMn-LDH.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>High-spin Co unlocks fast electrode kinetics in Co-MnO<sub>2</sub> by regulating the symmetry of [MnO6] and providing available excessive electrons to lattice oxygen.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The Co-MnO<sub>2</sub> exhibits dual-energy storage mechanisms of MnO<sub>2</sub>/Mn<sup>3+</sup> in bulk and electrolytic MnO<sub>2</sub>/Mn<sup>2+</sup> at interface in Mn<sup>2+</sup> containing electrolyte.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingnan Wu, Fengbo Sun, Leandro R. Franco, Qiaonan Chen, Xinxin Xia, Ruike Zhou, Zhuang Li, Mateus Bergami, Pablo Hermosilla Fernandez, C. Moyses Araujo, Biao Xiao, Xunchang Wang, Donghong Yu, Maojie Zhang, Renqiang Yang, Ergang Wang
{"title":"Layered Defect-Filling co-Assembled Carbazole-Based SAMs Deliver 20% Organic Solar Cells and 17% Mini-Modules","authors":"Jingnan Wu, Fengbo Sun, Leandro R. Franco, Qiaonan Chen, Xinxin Xia, Ruike Zhou, Zhuang Li, Mateus Bergami, Pablo Hermosilla Fernandez, C. Moyses Araujo, Biao Xiao, Xunchang Wang, Donghong Yu, Maojie Zhang, Renqiang Yang, Ergang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-026-02325-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-026-02325-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely used as hole-transport layers (HTLs) in organic solar cells (OSCs), yet conventional single-component SAMs often form quasi-monolayers with incomplete coverage and interfacial defects that become increasingly detrimental upon device scaling. Here, we develop a co-assembled multilayered SAM (coSAMu) strategy that combines two SAM molecules, 2PACz and 2Cl-4PACz, with distinct dipoles and steric configurations through blend casting and sequential casting. Photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, and molecular simulations support a layered structure in which a chemisorbed, 2PACz-rich bottom layer primarily sets the indium tin oxide (ITO) work function, while a 2Cl-4PACz-rich upper layer fills interfacial voids, improves molecular packing, and passivates defects. Consistent with this picture, coSAMu promotes a more favorable vertical composition near the ITO surface and suppresses trap-assisted recombination, enabling more efficient charge extraction and collection. Consequently, a representative D18:L8-BO OSC incorporating the sequential-cast coSAMu HTL achieves a power conversion efficiency of 20.1% (0.042 cm<sup>2</sup>), outperforming pristine 2PACz. Importantly, when scaled to a 17.14 cm<sup>2</sup> mini-module (six serially connected subcells), coSAMu delivers 17.0% efficiency versus 12.2% for the 2PACz control. This work demonstrates controlled multilayer co-assembly as an effective strategy for scalable OSC interface engineering that is broadly applicable to multiple donor–acceptor systems.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-026-02325-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pengyu Zhu, Peng He, Jinbo Pang, Mark Hermann Rummeli, Hong Liu, Weijia Zhou, Rafael Gregorio Mendes, Shuye Zhang
{"title":"Materials–Structure–Hardware–Algorithm Co-Driven Hierarchical Optimization for Flexible Sensors","authors":"Pengyu Zhu, Peng He, Jinbo Pang, Mark Hermann Rummeli, Hong Liu, Weijia Zhou, Rafael Gregorio Mendes, Shuye Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-026-02274-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-026-02274-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>A novel co-design paradigm is proposed. A holistic co-design paradigm of “materials–structure–hardware–algorithm” is proposed here to overcome the performance trade-offs of traditional fragmented sensors.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>A systematic research framework is established based on the fundamental composition of flexible sensors. The interrelations within this dynamic field are clarified by structuring the review on the core hierarchies of materials, structure, hardware, and algorithms.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The research landscape across the field’s core components is systematically organized. The review provides a comprehensive overview of representative advances at the material, structural, hardware, and algorithmic hierarchies, and outlines future challenges and directions for next-generation flexible sensors.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-026-02274-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decoupling Ion–Dipole Interactions via Competitive Coordination for Durable Dendrite-Free Zinc Metal Batteries","authors":"Bixian Chen, Xiaomin Cheng, Xiang Li, Qinghua Guan, Hao Li, Yongzheng Zhang, Shuang Cheng, Huihua Li, Yunjian Liu, Jing Zhang, Hongzhen Lin, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-026-02306-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-026-02306-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are famous for high-safety and high-energy-density, but limited by severe challenges around the Helmholtz plane layer such as the strong ion–dipole interactions between Zn<sup>2+</sup> and H<sub>2</sub>O, resulting in slow desolvation processes and limited transport kinetics as well as corresponding higher barriers. To reconstruct the ion–dipole surroundings, the interface chemistry of employing a high permanent dipole moment of <i>L</i>-Carnosine (<i>L</i>-CN) has been proposed, weakening the interactions between Zn<sup>2+</sup> and H<sub>2</sub>O to realize a crowded Zn<sup>2+</sup>-conductive structure, accelerating the desolvation kinetics. As revealed, the strong affinity between <i>L</i>-CN and Zn<sup>2+</sup> enables the <i>L</i>-CN molecules to repulse H<sub>2</sub>O, reconfiguring the inner Helmholtz plane layer, thereby inhibiting the active water molecular to form hydrogen evolution reactions. Consequently, the Zn//Zn symmetric cells with Helmholtz plane modulation achieve a long lifespan up to 7000 h, a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.72%, and a high stabilization at high depth of discharge (85.4%). The assembled Zn//V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5−<i>x</i></sub> full cell with optimal electrolyte delivers the capacity of 289 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 500 cycles at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> under an N/P ratio of 3.98. Impressively, the large-scale pouch cell with optimal electrolyte stabilizes for 200 cycles, offering the bright future of reconstructing Helmholtz plane for achieving high-performance AZMBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyuan Feng, Qiuying Su, Long Zhou, Jiaojiao Zhang, Dazheng Chen, Weidong Zhu, He Xi, Chunfu Zhang, Jincheng Zhang, Yue Hao
{"title":"Designing Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Self-Assembled Monolayer Hole Transport Layers","authors":"Xinyuan Feng, Qiuying Su, Long Zhou, Jiaojiao Zhang, Dazheng Chen, Weidong Zhu, He Xi, Chunfu Zhang, Jincheng Zhang, Yue Hao","doi":"10.1007/s40820-026-02327-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-026-02327-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>This review summarizes the development of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), with a special focus on their applications in inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>This review discusses the structure, preparation methods, interfacial roles of SAMs, as well as the common problems encountered during their fabrication process.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>This review highlights recent advances of SAM-based inverted perovskite solar cells in efficient single-junction, tandem, and large-area modules and outlines key challenges and future prospects of SAM applications.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":36.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}