{"title":"Porous Microreactor Chip for Photocatalytic Seawater Splitting over 300 Hours at Atmospheric Pressure","authors":"Desheng Zhu, Zhipeng Dong, Chengmei Zhong, Junhong Zhang, Qi Chen, Ni Yin, Wencheng Jia, Xiong Zheng, Fengzai Lv, Zhong Chen, Zhenchao Dong, Wencai Huang","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01703-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01703-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photocatalytic seawater splitting is an attractive way for producing green hydrogen. Significant progresses have been made recently in catalytic efficiencies, but the activity of catalysts can only maintain stable for about 10 h. Here, we develop a vacancy-engineered Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/CdS porous microreactor chip photocatalyst, operating in seawater with a performance stability exceeding 300 h. This is achieved by the establishment of both catalytic selectivity for impurity ions and tailored interactions between vacancies and sulfur species. Efficient transport of carriers with strong redox ability is ensured by forming a heterojunction within a space charge region, where the visualization of potential distribution confirms the key design concept of our chip. Moreover, the separation of oxidation and reduction reactions in space inhibits the reverse recombination, making the chip capable of working at atmospheric pressure. Consequently, in the presence of Pt co-catalysts, a high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 0.81% can be achieved in the whole durability test. When using a fully solar-driven 256 cm<sup>2</sup> hydrogen production prototype, a H<sub>2</sub> evolution rate of 68.01 mmol h<sup>−1</sup> m<sup>−2</sup> can be achieved under outdoor insolation. Our findings provide a novel approach to achieve high selectivity, and demonstrate an efficient and scalable prototype suitable for practical solar H<sub>2</sub> production.</p>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01703-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sung Min Lee, Keun Hwan Oh, Hwan Yeop Jeong, Duk Man Yu, Tae-Ho Kim
{"title":"Regulating Water Transport Paths on Porous Transport Layer by Hydrophilic Patterning for Highly Efficient Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells","authors":"Sung Min Lee, Keun Hwan Oh, Hwan Yeop Jeong, Duk Man Yu, Tae-Ho Kim","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01684-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01684-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>\u0000 <span>AbstractSection</span>\u0000 Highlights\u0000 <ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Novel amphiphilic patterned titanium porous transport layers (PTLs) significantly enhance the round-trip efficiency of unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs), achieving an impressive round-trip efficiency of 25.7% at a current density of 2 A cm<sup>-2</sup>.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The serpentine configuration of the patterned PTL excels in both fuel cell (FC) and water electrolyzer modes, resulting in a sevenfold increase in current density in FC mode compared to URFCs using hydrophilic pristine Ti PTLs.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 \u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01684-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiong Xiong Liu, Long Pan, Haotian Zhang, Pengcheng Yuan, Mufan Cao, Yaping Wang, Zeyuan Xu, Min Gao, Zheng Ming Sun
{"title":"Host–Guest Inversion Engineering Induced Superionic Composite Solid Electrolytes for High-Rate Solid-State Alkali Metal Batteries","authors":"Xiong Xiong Liu, Long Pan, Haotian Zhang, Pengcheng Yuan, Mufan Cao, Yaping Wang, Zeyuan Xu, Min Gao, Zheng Ming Sun","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01691-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01691-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) are promising for solid-state Li metal batteries but suffer from inferior room-temperature ionic conductivity due to sluggish ion transport and high cost due to expensive active ceramic fillers. Here, a host–guest inversion engineering strategy is proposed to develop superionic CSEs using cost-effective SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles as passive ceramic hosts and poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVH) microspheres as polymer guests, forming an unprecedented “polymer guest-in-ceramic host” (i.e., PVH-in-SiO<sub>2</sub>) architecture differing from the traditional “ceramic guest-in-polymer host”. The PVH-in-SiO<sub>2</sub> exhibits excellent Li-salt dissociation, achieving high-concentration free Li<sup>+</sup>. Owing to the low diffusion energy barriers and high diffusion coefficient, the free Li<sup>+</sup> is thermodynamically and kinetically favorable to migrate to and transport at the SiO<sub>2</sub>/PVH interfaces. Consequently, the PVH-in-SiO<sub>2</sub> delivers an exceptional ionic conductivity of 1.32 × 10<sup>−3</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 25 °C (vs<i>.</i> typically 10<sup>−5</sup>–10<sup>−4</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> using high-cost active ceramics), achieved under an ultralow residual solvent content of 2.9 wt% (vs<i>.</i> 8–15 wt% in other CSEs). Additionally, PVH-in-SiO<sub>2</sub> is electrochemically stable with Li anode and various cathodes. Therefore, the PVH-in-SiO<sub>2</sub> demonstrates excellent high-rate cyclability in LiFePO<sub>4</sub>|Li full cells (92.9% capacity-retention at 3C after 300 cycles under 25 °C) and outstanding stability with high-mass-loading LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (9.2 mg cm<sup>−1</sup>) and high-voltage NCM622 (147.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>). Furthermore, we verify the versatility of the host–guest inversion engineering strategy by fabricating Na-ion and K-ion-based PVH-in-SiO<sub>2</sub> CSEs with similarly excellent promotions in ionic conductivity. Our strategy offers a simple, low-cost approach to fabricating superionic CSEs for large-scale application of solid-state Li metal batteries and beyond. </p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01691-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wuxian Peng, Linbo Li, Xiyue Bai, Ping Yi, Yu Xie, Lejia Wang, Wei Du, Tao Wang, Jian-Qiang Zhong, Yuan Li
{"title":"Observation of Ice-Like Two-Dimensional Flakes on Self-Assembled Protein Monolayer without Nanoconfinement under Ambient Conditions","authors":"Wuxian Peng, Linbo Li, Xiyue Bai, Ping Yi, Yu Xie, Lejia Wang, Wei Du, Tao Wang, Jian-Qiang Zhong, Yuan Li","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01689-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01689-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Directly correlating the morphology and composition of interfacial water is vital not only for studying water icing under critical conditions but also for understanding the role of protein–water interactions in bio-relevant systems. In this study, we present a model system to study two-dimensional (2D) water layers under ambient conditions by using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) supporting the physisorption of the Cytochrome C (Cyt C) protein layer. We observed that the 2D island-like water layers were uniformly distributed on the SAMs as characterized by atomic force microscopy, and their composition was confirmed by nano-atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, these 2D flakes could grow under high-humidity conditions or melt upon the introduction of a heat source. The formation of these flakes is attributed to the activation energy for water desorption from the Cyt C being nearly twofold high than that from the SAMs. Our results provide a new and effective method for further understanding the water–protein interactions. </p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01689-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeong-Gil Kim, Jaehyoung Ko, Hyung-Kyu Lim, Yerin Jo, Hayoung Yu, Min Woo Kim, Min Ji Kim, Hyeon Su Jeong, Jinwoo Lee, Yongho Joo, Nam Dong Kim
{"title":"Organic Radical-Boosted Ionic Conductivity in Redox Polymer Electrolyte for Advanced Fiber-Shaped Energy Storage Devices","authors":"Jeong-Gil Kim, Jaehyoung Ko, Hyung-Kyu Lim, Yerin Jo, Hayoung Yu, Min Woo Kim, Min Ji Kim, Hyeon Su Jeong, Jinwoo Lee, Yongho Joo, Nam Dong Kim","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01700-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01700-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fiber-shaped energy storage devices (FSESDs) with exceptional flexibility for wearable power sources should be applied with solid electrolytes over liquid electrolytes due to short circuits and leakage issue during deformation. Among the solid options, polymer electrolytes are particularly preferred due to their robustness and flexibility, although their low ionic conductivity remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a redox polymer electrolyte (HT_RPE) with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (HT) as a multi-functional additive. HT acts as a plasticizer that transforms the glassy state into the rubbery state for improved chain mobility and provides distinctive ion conduction pathway by the self-exchange reaction between radical and oxidized species. These synergetic effects lead to high ionic conductivity (73.5 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>) based on a lower activation energy of 0.13 eV than other redox additives. Moreover, HT_RPE with a pseudocapacitive characteristic by HT enables an outstanding electrochemical performance of the symmetric FSESDs using carbon-based fiber electrodes (energy density of 25.4 W h kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 25,000 W kg<sup>−1</sup>) without typical active materials, along with excellent stability (capacitance retention of 91.2% after 8,000 bending cycles). This work highlights a versatile HT_RPE that utilizes the unique functionality of HT for both the high ionic conductivity and improved energy storage capability, providing a promising pathway for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01700-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly Active Oxygen Evolution Integrating with Highly Selective CO2-to-CO Reduction","authors":"Chaowei Wang, Laihong Geng, Yingpu Bi","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01688-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01688-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2> Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000<ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Rational regulation of the coordination environment of surface-active sites on both photoanode and cathode has been demonstrated.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Reducing the coordination of FeNi catalysts decorated on BiVO<sub>4</sub> photoanodes achieves excellent water oxidation activities of 6.51 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> (1.23 <i>V</i><sub>RHE</sub>, AM 1.5G).</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Single-atom cobalt anchoring on N-rich carbon with increased Co–N coordination remarkably promotes CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to CO.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01688-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seokyeong Lee, Jong Woong Park, Jihye Jang, Jin Woo Oh, Gwanho Kim, Jioh Yoo, Jong Gun Jung, Hyowon Han, Wei Jiang, Chang Eun Lee, Jungwon Yoon, Kaiying Zhao, Cheolmin Park
{"title":"Rewritable Triple-Mode Light-Emitting Display","authors":"Seokyeong Lee, Jong Woong Park, Jihye Jang, Jin Woo Oh, Gwanho Kim, Jioh Yoo, Jong Gun Jung, Hyowon Han, Wei Jiang, Chang Eun Lee, Jungwon Yoon, Kaiying Zhao, Cheolmin Park","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01686-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01686-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000<ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>A rewritable triple-mode light-emitting display (RE-TriLED) was fabricated, enabled by stimuli-interactive fluorescence (FL), room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and electroluminescence (EL).</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Mode-selective multiple light emission is achieved, in which the three emission modes of FL, RTP, and EL are readily manipulated through the controlled evaporation of polar liquids and water.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>A high-security, full-color information encryption display is demonstrated, wherein optical information encoded in one mode is decipherable only when properly aligned with the other two modes.\u0000</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01686-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shajahan Shaik, Jeonghyeon Kim, Mrinal Kanti Kabiraz, Faraz Aziz, Joon Yong Park, Bhargavi Rani Anne, Mengfan Li, Hongwen Huang, Ki Min Nam, Daeseong Jo, Sang-Il Choi
{"title":"Rapid Outgassing of Hydrophilic TiO2 Electrodes Achieves Long-Term Stability of Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers","authors":"Shajahan Shaik, Jeonghyeon Kim, Mrinal Kanti Kabiraz, Faraz Aziz, Joon Yong Park, Bhargavi Rani Anne, Mengfan Li, Hongwen Huang, Ki Min Nam, Daeseong Jo, Sang-Il Choi","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01696-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01696-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Highlights</h2><div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000<ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>A super-hydrophilic electrode was successfully developed by depositing porous NiFe nanoparticles onto annealed TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes (NiFe/ATNT), facilitating rapid outgassing of nonpolar gases.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The NiFe/ATNT electrode demonstrated an overpotential of 235 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for the oxygen evolution reaction in 1.0 M KOH and served as the anode in the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE), achieving a current density of 1.67 A cm<sup>−2</sup> at 1.80 V.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>The AEMWE utilizing the NiFe/ATNT electrode exhibited remarkable stability, maintaining operation for 1500 h at 0.50 A cm<sup>−2</sup> under challenging thermal conditions of 80 ± 3 °C.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01696-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Manipulating Interfacial Stability via Preferential Absorption for Highly Stable and Safe 4.6 V LiCoO2 Cathode","authors":"Long Chen, Xin He, Yiqing Chen, Youmin Hou, Yujie Zhang, Kangli Wang, Xinping Ai, Yuliang Cao, Zhongxue Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01694-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01694-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Elevating the upper cutoff voltage to 4.6 V could effectively increase the reversible capacity of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> (LCO) cathode, whereas the irreversible structural transition, unstable electrode/electrolyte interface and potentially induced safety hazards severely hinder its industrial application. Building a robust cathode/electrolyte interface film by electrolyte engineering is one of the efficient approaches to boost the performance of high-voltage LCO (HV-LCO); however, the elusive interfacial chemistry poses substantial challenges to the rational design of highly compatible electrolytes. Herein, we propose a novel electrolyte design strategy and screen proper solvents based on two factors: highest occupied molecular orbital energy level and LCO absorption energy. Tris (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate is determined as the optimal solvent, whose low defluorination energy barrier significantly promotes the construction of LiF-rich cathode/electrolyte interface layer on the surface of LCO, thereby eventually suppresses the phase transition and enhances Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion kinetics. The rationally designed electrolyte endows graphite||HV-LCO pouch cells with long cycle life (85.3% capacity retention after 700 cycles), wide-temperature adaptability (− 60–80 °C) and high safety (pass nail penetration). This work provides new insights into the electrolyte screening and rational design to constructing stable interface for high-energy lithium-ion batteries.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01694-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao Hu Wang, Bin Wu, Yongfa Zhu, Dingsheng Wang, Nian Bing Li, Zhichuan J. Xu, Hong Qun Luo
{"title":"Design Refinement of Catalytic System for Scale-Up Mild Nitrogen Photo-Fixation","authors":"Xiao Hu Wang, Bin Wu, Yongfa Zhu, Dingsheng Wang, Nian Bing Li, Zhichuan J. Xu, Hong Qun Luo","doi":"10.1007/s40820-025-01695-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40820-025-01695-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ammonia and nitric acid, versatile industrial feedstocks, and burgeoning clean energy vectors hold immense promise for sustainable development. However, Haber–Bosch and Ostwald processes, which generates carbon dioxide as massive by-product, contribute to greenhouse effects and pose environmental challenges. Thus, the pursuit of nitrogen fixation through carbon–neutral pathways under benign conditions is a frontier of scientific topics, with the harnessing of solar energy emerging as an enticing and viable option. This review delves into the refinement strategies for scale-up mild photocatalytic nitrogen fixation, fields ripe with potential for innovation. The narrative is centered on enhancing the intrinsic capabilities of catalysts to surmount current efficiency barriers. Key focus areas include the in-depth exploration of fundamental mechanisms underpinning photocatalytic procedures, rational element selection, and functional planning, state-of-the-art experimental protocols for understanding photo-fixation processes, valid photocatalytic activity evaluation, and the rational design of catalysts. Furthermore, the review offers a suite of forward-looking recommendations aimed at propelling the advancement of mild nitrogen photo-fixation. It scrutinizes the existing challenges and prospects within this burgeoning domain, aspiring to equip researchers with insightful perspectives that can catalyze the evolution of cutting-edge nitrogen fixation methodologies and steer the development of next-generation photocatalytic systems.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":714,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Micro Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-025-01695-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}