文化与传播Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799153
R. P. Jones
{"title":"Operations, events, and communicating to multiple audiences","authors":"R. P. Jones","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799153","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores technical communication prepared for multiple audiences. The nuclear processing industry is an example of a (technically) complex industry where it is unlikely to have an operational event of a serious nature, but where the consequences of an event (if it occurred) are potentially significant. Communication within this industry encompasses many relevant groups (audiences). Evaluating operations events and then communicating the results to the multiple affected constituencies challenges the technical communicator. Audience is considered, including the audience addressed, audience invoked, multiple audiences, and the public. The Wallace S. Sayre model (W.G. Held, 1979) is borrowed from the public policy literature and adapted to model the communications process to multiple affected constituencies. The Sayre model is applied to a case study of a professional writer (E. Huettman, 1996), and the evaluation and reporting of operations events within the nuclear processing industry. The Sayre model can aid the technical communicator in making decisions about audience.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81021507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
文化与传播Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799115
Constance Kampf
{"title":"Building a theoretical framework for intercultural communication in technical communication pedagogy","authors":"Constance Kampf","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799115","url":null,"abstract":"In order to understand cultural differences and be able to function in an international environment, technical communication students need complex conceptual frameworks that are up to the task of helping them succeed in such environments. Building these theoretical frameworks from the perspective of technical communicators' needs is a daunting but necessary task. Theories that can inform this process come out of several fields including international management, speech communication, and anthropology. These theories can be organized by the underlying assumptions about culture-whether culture is seen as dimensional, learnable, or interactional. The paper presents a variety of intercultural communication frameworks that can help us begin the process of forming a coherent theoretical base for technical communicators which provides a flexible and comprehensive framework to accommodate a sophisticated understanding of intercultural communication in the technical communication classroom, and thus help prepare students for the global workplace.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72650998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
文化与传播Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799110
B. Longo
{"title":"Analyzing cultural contexts for communication","authors":"B. Longo","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799110","url":null,"abstract":"Communication takes place within complex cultural contexts of competing understanding, values, interests and needs. Communication professionals take these contexts into account when making decisions about their documents and products, but they often make these complex analyses using tacit information, i.e. information that has not been explicitly elaborated either to themselves or to others. This paper elaborates some cultural analysis tools that are useful for understanding communication contexts, whether within an organization or an ethnic national group. These tools can include expressions of world knowledge and expectations, expressions of values, shared background information, concepts of time, expectations about personal information, and physical working conditions. By explicitly using some of these analysis tools, communication professionals can make more informed decisions when dealing with people in different countries, different companies, or even different divisions of a company.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83555181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
文化与传播Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799100
M. Zimmerman
{"title":"New models for sharing responsibilities in the preparation of technical communicators","authors":"M. Zimmerman","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799100","url":null,"abstract":"In response to advances in computer technology, academic programs in technical communication are challenged to rethink the basic curriculum. To prepare students for work, we now need expensive and specialized computer labs as well as software training not regularly available in university settings. New partnerships are being formed with work place and community mentors, with shared responsibilities for the preparation of technical communicators, and faculty members are sometimes assuming roles traditionally assigned to development officers.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74392276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
文化与传播Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799120
R. Spencer, R. Floyd
{"title":"The care and feeding of vendors and contractors","authors":"R. Spencer, R. Floyd","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799120","url":null,"abstract":"One of the greatest mistakes made today in many corporations is in the care and feeding of their vendors, contractors, and sub-contractors. In the list of mistakes that can be made, the foremost is failure to recognize, or tending to forget, the difference between independent contractors and employees. Another is failure to clearly define the requirements, and yet expect the contractors to know and perform to the unspoken requirements. The paper discusses some of the issues faced in projects in the use of vendors, contractors, and sub-contractors to complete the work activity. It also discusses some \"real world\" cases where success depended on maintaining the correct balance and relationship with the outside contractors.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90818959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
文化与传播Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799142
R. Krull
{"title":"Science, explanation, instruction","authors":"R. Krull","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799142","url":null,"abstract":"Turning scientific theories and data into explanations and instructions for the layman requires a two-step translation process. First, scientific concepts need to be transformed into explanations that lay people can understand. Second, lay explanations need to be transformed into actions that people can apply in their physical environments.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90909816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
文化与传播Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799124
S. Malmo
{"title":"Collaboration at a distance: improving collaborative efforts in a distance-education environment","authors":"S. Malmo","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799124","url":null,"abstract":"Though the promise and problems of classroom collaboration are well known to most teachers of writing, collaborating in a distance education (DE) environment opens up more potential benefits and different potential problems. DE collaboration mimics business collaborations that create their own working conditions, allowing students to create a productive academic environment. By being alert to the potentials problems of DE collaboration and by introducing students to successful collaborative approaches, an instructor can maximize the possibilities of DE collaboration.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81785436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
文化与传播Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799103
M. Hamilton, B. Hokanson
{"title":"Gender and software: rhetoric and the computer culture exemplified by \"Barbie Fashion Designer\"","authors":"M. Hamilton, B. Hokanson","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799103","url":null,"abstract":"It's not just coincidence that most computer games are designed for boys, and males dominate the computer programming profession. Playing with computers familiarizes users with computers and programming, and helps prepare them for work in computer science and other technical fields. Recently, the monopoly of male-dominated games has begun to change, led by the wildly successful \"Barbie Fashion Designer\" program. This paper examines this software and other electronic games through the lenses of rhetoric [i.e. in terms of Berkenkotter and Huckin's (1995) conception of genre] and gender orientation.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77699719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
文化与传播Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799147
P. Rubens, S. Southard
{"title":"Designing Web-based access for multiple and international audiences","authors":"P. Rubens, S. Southard","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799147","url":null,"abstract":"Reports on an educational project to develop techniques to support authors from a global community with varying professional training, technical and scientific interests, and writing abilities as they create information for similarly diverse audiences within the context of a Website. The project had two results: it created templates, available in several file formats controlled by external style sheets, to produce consistent documents for both paper and online display; and it provided an online style guide for stylistic assistance. Both of these outcomes support an educational outreach effort on the part of the project's sponsor.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81187913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
文化与传播Pub Date : 1999-09-07DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1999.799127
A. Lemieux, E. Knoll
{"title":"Digital image resolution: what it means and how it can work for you","authors":"A. Lemieux, E. Knoll","doi":"10.1109/IPCC.1999.799127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCC.1999.799127","url":null,"abstract":"Image resolution can be a real headache. The image looks great on your screen but the minute it comes out of your office printer, it ends up in the garbage, or the image slows down your whole online project. What went wrong? We propose to unravel the resolution mystery so you can publish your images online, in print or on the Web painlessly. The quality of the end product depends on such things as understanding resolution and using the proper color depth. This paper sorts it all out for you so you can feel confident you are making the most of your images. Scanners, laser copies, computer monitors and professional printers measure the image resolution in different ways. What are the standards for professional-quality images? What the properties of color and how do they affect your image? We show how to use the proper color model for each type of image-printed, online or for the Web. How many colors do you need to use to keep quality up and file size down? An image file needs to be optimized for each application. Color depth is the key. All the steps needed to get a good image into your document are waiting to be revealed to you!.","PeriodicalId":70843,"journal":{"name":"文化与传播","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82745923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}