Jordan Eaton, Juan D. Carvajal-Agudelo, Tamara A. Franz-Odendaal
{"title":"Comparison of Effects of 2D and 3D Simulated Microgravity Rotation on Ossification in Larval Danio Rerio (Zebrafish)","authors":"Jordan Eaton, Juan D. Carvajal-Agudelo, Tamara A. Franz-Odendaal","doi":"10.1007/s12217-023-10077-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-023-10077-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Simulated microgravity (SMG) is an environmental condition that affects bone density in vertebrates. Ground-based studies typically use a random positioning machine in either a 2D or a 3D mode to assess the effects of SMG, however the meaning of these results is difficult to compare between studies due to different experimental parameters. Here, we exposed larval <i>Danio rerio</i> at 3dpf to 23 h of SMG using a 2D and a 3D mode of rotation, using the same experimental setup. Zebrafish larvae were anaesthetized during the experiment. Our results showed that anesthesia (MS222) did not affect the amount of ossification while SMG-2D treatment slightly reduced the amount of ossification compared with the controls. On the other hand, SMG-3D treatment significantly reduced the overall ossification level of the skeleton. Specifically, the anterior end of the notochord, the ceratobranchial-5, the lower jaw articulation, the pharyngeal teeth, and the operculum were affected compared with control treatments. Overall, these results indicate that SMG-3D produced a more effective SMG effect compared with the SMG-2D. This research provides valuable insight into how different external stimuli such as SMG can cause negative effects on ossification in the developing skeleton in zebrafish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Assessment Framework for Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Microgravity Platforms","authors":"Siddhardha Kedarisetty, Joel George Manathara","doi":"10.1007/s12217-023-10074-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-023-10074-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a method to analyse multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAVs) as microgravity platforms. MUAVs can maintain a free-fall state and provide microgravity owing to their precise thrust control abilities. Moreover, MUAVs are affordable platforms that can be procured at low-cost. Although several MUAVs of various sizes and configurations exist, their capabilities as microgravity platforms are not readily available. Towards this, a framework is developed to estimate microgravity performance measures such as 0<i>g</i>-time, payload capacity, and 0<i>g</i>-quality for a given MUAV. The proposed estimation framework requires only the data provided by the MUAV manufacturer to compute all the microgravity performance measures. The performance as a microgravity platform of several existing MUAVs of various configurations, masses, sizes, and thrust capabilities is estimated by employing this framework. This analysis reveals that there exist MUAVs that can provide microgravity (of the order of <span>(10^{-2}g)</span>) for more than 4 s 0<i>g</i>-time while carrying more than 1 kg payloads. On the other hand, it is also shown that some MUAVs can carry payloads heavier than 90 kgs and provide microgravity for 2 s, which is comparable to the capability of some of the drop tower facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134797785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermocapillary Convection of Evaporating Thin Nanofluid Layer in a Rectangular Cavity","authors":"Yuequn Tao, Qiusheng Liu, Jun Qin, Zhiqiang Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s12217-023-10076-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-023-10076-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermocapillary convection of nanofluid with evaporating phase change interface occurs in a variety of industrial processes such as micro/nano fabrication, ink-jet printing, thin film coatings, etc. Previous studies have mostly focused on the phenomena of thermocapillary convection in pure fluids without phase change. This paper reports the first fundamental experimental work on the thermocapillary flow of a thin nanofluid layer under the effect of evaporation. This research focuses on the behavior of a volatile thin nanofluid layer in a rectangular test cell under the effects of horizontal temperature gradient. The buoyancy effect can be neglected inside this thin liquid layer as in microgravity conditions. HEE7200 and HFE7200-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanofluid are used as working fluids to analyze the effect of nanoparticle addition. The results indicate that the linear relationship between the thickness of the liquid layer and the duration of evaporation is not changed by nanoparticles. HFE7200-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanofluid always has a higher evaporation rate than its base fluid with the temperature ranging from 2.98 °C to 13.92 °C. The critical Marangoni number for the nanofluid is lower than that of the pure fluid, which indicates that the addition of nanoparticles promotes the flow pattern transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134797442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Investigation on the Effects of InSb Geometry on the InGaSb Crystal Growth Under Microgravity","authors":"Xin Jin, Sheng Xu, Bing Wang, Zhanjun Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12217-023-10072-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-023-10072-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1−x</sub>Sb single crystals have been grown by using a GaSb/InSb/GaSb-sandwich system onboard at the International Space Station (ISS) via vertical gradient freezing method (VGF). In order to investigate the effects of InSb geometry on the InGaSb crystal growth under microgravity and further optimize the future space experiment, two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical simulations were carried out with different thicknesses and diameters of the InSb crystals. Simulation results showed that enough solutes from feed through diffusion is necessary for the crystal growth process and the InSb thickness will affect the axial Ga concentration gradient and therefore affect the crystal growth rates under microgravity. In addition, results also showed that a larger diameter for the InSb crystal will increase the volume crystal growth rates with a flatter shape for the grown crystal interfaces. In summary, simulation suggests a 2 mm or 3 mm thickness and a 12 mm diameter as the geometry of InSb for future space experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Elsen, Baptist Piest, Fabian Adam, Oliver Anton, Paweł Arciszewski, Wolfgang Bartosch, Dennis Becker, Kai Bleeke, Jonas Böhm, Sören Boles, Klaus Döringshoff, Priyanka Guggilam, Ortwin Hellmig, Isabell Imwalle, Simon Kanthak, Christian Kürbis, Matthias Koch, Maike Diana Lachmann, Moritz Mihm, Hauke Müntinga, Ayush Mani Nepal, Tim Oberschulte, Peter Ohr, Alexandros Papakonstantinou, Arnau Prat, Christian Reichelt, Jan Sommer, Christian Spindeldreier, Marvin Warner, Thijs Wendrich, André Wenzlawski, Holger Blume, Claus Braxmaier, Daniel Lüdtke, Achim Peters, Ernst Maria Rasel, Klaus Sengstock, Andreas Wicht, Patrick Windpassinger, Jens Grosse
{"title":"A Dual-Species Atom Interferometer Payload for Operation on Sounding Rockets","authors":"Michael Elsen, Baptist Piest, Fabian Adam, Oliver Anton, Paweł Arciszewski, Wolfgang Bartosch, Dennis Becker, Kai Bleeke, Jonas Böhm, Sören Boles, Klaus Döringshoff, Priyanka Guggilam, Ortwin Hellmig, Isabell Imwalle, Simon Kanthak, Christian Kürbis, Matthias Koch, Maike Diana Lachmann, Moritz Mihm, Hauke Müntinga, Ayush Mani Nepal, Tim Oberschulte, Peter Ohr, Alexandros Papakonstantinou, Arnau Prat, Christian Reichelt, Jan Sommer, Christian Spindeldreier, Marvin Warner, Thijs Wendrich, André Wenzlawski, Holger Blume, Claus Braxmaier, Daniel Lüdtke, Achim Peters, Ernst Maria Rasel, Klaus Sengstock, Andreas Wicht, Patrick Windpassinger, Jens Grosse","doi":"10.1007/s12217-023-10068-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-023-10068-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report on the design and the construction of a sounding rocket payload capable of performing atom interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates of <span>(^{41})</span>K and <span>(^{87})</span>Rb. The apparatus is designed to be launched in two consecutive missions with a VSB-30 sounding rocket and is qualified to withstand the expected vibrational loads of 1.8 g root-mean-square in a frequency range between 20–2000 Hz and the expected static loads during ascent and re-entry of 25 g. We present a modular design of the scientific payload comprising a physics package, a laser system, an electronics system and a battery module. A dedicated on-board software provides a largely automated process of predefined experiments. To operate the payload safely in laboratory and flight mode, a thermal control system and ground support equipment has been implemented and will be presented. The payload presented here represents a cornerstone for future applications of matter wave interferometry with ultracold atoms on satellites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12217-023-10068-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77018381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Liang, Zichen Wang, Zhaodong Yang, Tong Wang, He Gu
{"title":"Investigations on Attenuation of Lamb Waves in Droplet Actuation","authors":"Wei Liang, Zichen Wang, Zhaodong Yang, Tong Wang, He Gu","doi":"10.1007/s12217-023-10071-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-023-10071-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In droplet actuation, Lamb waves are utilized to manipulate and control liquid droplets on solid surfaces. This paper presents an analytical model for driving droplets using Lamb waves (a type of surface acoustic wave) on a non-piezoelectric substrate. The driving of droplets is simulated using the level set two-phase flow method, and the obtained data are validated through corresponding experiments. The simulation and experimental data are therefore combined to calculate and verify the attenuation of Lamb waves in droplet actuation. The research findings indicate that the droplets absorb the maximum amount of Lamb wave energy when their volume is 50 µL, and at this point, the Lamb wave experiences the fastest attenuation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72961932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Low–Frequency Vibrations on the Hydrodynamic Properties of Single Bubbles at Different Gravity Levels","authors":"Hao Ni, MingJun Pang","doi":"10.1007/s12217-023-10073-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-023-10073-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A key aspect of space application technology is the generation and control of multi–phase flows. The efficiency of mass and heat transfer can be significantly improved by adding bubbles or droplets into continuous phases. The effects of the ratio of amplitude to bubble diameter (<i>A/D</i>), Bond number (<i>Bo</i>), and different gravity levels (<i>G/g</i>) on bubble centroid motion and shape oscillation are fully analyzed using the VOF method to understand the bubble–centroid trajectory and shape–oscillation mechanism under low–frequency vibrations. The present studies show that <i>A/D</i>, <i>Bo</i>, and <i>G/g</i> have important effects on bubble trajectory and shape oscillation. There are two types of oscillations for bubble shape: regular oscillation and chaotic oscillation. As <i>Bo</i> and <i>A/D</i> increase, bubble oscillation in a gravity–free environment changes from regular to chaotic oscillation. For the present results, bubble oscillations at different gravity levels (except zero–gravity level) are chaotic oscillations. Three types are recognized for the bubble–centroid motion: levitation, rising and sinking. When both <i>A/D</i> and <i>Bo</i> are tiny, a bubble is hung in its initial position in a gravity–free environment. Bubble–centroid motion changes from sinking to rising with an increase in <i>A/D</i> and <i>Bo</i>. The higher the gravity level is, the shorter the time taken for the bubble to rise is. The change in the flow field seems to be mainly caused by the vibration of fluid particles, almost independent of the level of gravity. The flow field becomes more chaotic as <i>A/D</i> and <i>Bo</i> increase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72619782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoni Deng, Tingting Ren, Hao Zhang, Shuo Gao, Wenhui Yang, Jiaqi Zhang, Hong Yu, Xiang Jin, Hong Wang, Fan Li, Limin Zhai, Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooq, Wenjuan Zhang, Airong Qian
{"title":"Isorhamnetin Alleviates the Depression Induced by Hindlimb Unloading in Rats","authors":"Xiaoni Deng, Tingting Ren, Hao Zhang, Shuo Gao, Wenhui Yang, Jiaqi Zhang, Hong Yu, Xiang Jin, Hong Wang, Fan Li, Limin Zhai, Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooq, Wenjuan Zhang, Airong Qian","doi":"10.1007/s12217-023-10070-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-023-10070-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Depression induced by weightlessness exposure in spaceflight has seriously affected astronauts’ psychology and flight missions, but the preventive and treatment methods remain limited. Here, we used systems pharmacology to identify the potential bioactive compounds from <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> L. (HR) for treating depression caused by weightlessness. First, isorhamnetin was screened out as a potential drug in HR for treating depression. Further, the therapeutic effect of isorhamnetin was investigated in depression induced by weightlessness using the hindlimb unloading (HLU) rat model. We found that treatment with isorhamnetin notably shortened immobility time during forced swimming tests and tail suspension tests in HLU rats. The hematoxylin-eosin staining results revealed that isorhamnetin could ameliorate morphological damage to the hippocampus of HLU-induced rats. Moreover, exposure to HLU caused increased corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in serum. Administration with isorhamnetin for four weeks reduced the ACTH and CORT content in HLU rats. The 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine content in hippocampus were reduced in HLU rats, which were increased after isorhamnetin-treatment. Conclusively, isorhamnetin can alleviate the depression and hippocampus damage induced by weightlessness. Our study identified that isorhamnetin could be a natural bioactive drug for depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86292483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guoping Liu, Zhaoshu Yang, Zhongbo He, Kai Tao, Jingtao Zhou, Sen Li, Wei Hu, Minzheng Sun
{"title":"An Electret-Based Self-Sensing Micro-Vibration Absorber and the Modeling Based on Support Vector Regression Algorithm","authors":"Guoping Liu, Zhaoshu Yang, Zhongbo He, Kai Tao, Jingtao Zhou, Sen Li, Wei Hu, Minzheng Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12217-023-10069-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-023-10069-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we developed a lightweight, self-sensing electret-based dynamic vibration absorber (ESDVA) for micro-vibration suppressions. We modeled the electromechanical coupling procedure of the ESDVA based on the first principles and proposed a sensing model based on support vector regression machine (SVR). The SVR algorithm helps to linearize the original voltage generated by the electret for precise vibration sensing. A prototype of the ESDVA is fabricated, and the theoretical model and SVR algorithms are verified by experiments. According to experimental results, the ESDVA successfully reduced primary structure vibration amplitudes by up to 50% with a mass burden of 1.4% of the primary structure. The proposed sensing model achieve an accuracy rate of over 93.5% for vibration sensing and the robustness of the model was also assessed. Moreover, the advantages of the proposed electret-based sensing method over classical methods are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4711990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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