Microgravity Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Droplet Forced Oscillations by Electrowetting-on-Dielectric (EWOD) with Contact Angle Saturation","authors":"Aleksey A. Alabuzhev,&nbsp;Marina A. Pyankova","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10231-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-025-10231-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The article proposes a theoretical model of EWOD (electrowetting–on–dielectric) taking into account the saturation of the dynamic contact angle using the example of forced oscillations of an electrolyte droplet in a spatially inhomogeneous alternating electric field. This droplet is clamped between two plates, which are electrodes. The inhomogeneity of the plate surface is described by an individual function, which is a wetting parameter and a proportionality coefficient between the contact line velocity and the contact angle deviation. It is shown that the surface inhomogeneity leads to the excitation of additional modes, the spectrum of which is determined by the function describing this inhomogeneity. It is found that the surface inhomogeneity can change the saturation angle. Qualitative agreement with experiments is shown.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Convection in Anisotropic PorousMedia: Influence of Throughflow and NonUniform Gravitational Fields Under Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium","authors":"Y. H. Gangadharaiah,&nbsp;Ali B. M. Ali,&nbsp;N. Manjunatha,&nbsp;H. Nagarathnamma,&nbsp;Jagadish V. Tawade,&nbsp;Mirjalol Ashurov,&nbsp;Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen,&nbsp;M. Ijaz Khan","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10225-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-025-10225-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study comprehensively investigates the effects of gravitational variations and throughflow of convection in anisotropic porous media under LTNE (local thermal non-equilibrium conditions). By using a normal mode analysis, the linear stability analyses are analyzed. The gravitational force is modelled in three forms- linear, parabolic, and exponential- all oriented along the spatial configuration’s vertical axis. The critical Rayleigh number for convection onset is approximated through the Galerkin approximation. The results show that the throughflow constraint consistently stabilizes the system, regardless of direction. Additionally, an increase in the thermal and mechanical conductivities leads to enhanced system stability, while greater mechanical anisotropy weakens the convection onset. Notably, the system demonstrates the highest stability under exponential gravity variations, compared to linear and parabolic variations. The initiation and consistency of convection in these systems play a crucial role in: Forecasting thermal extraction performance, reservoir temperature reduction, and crafting eco-friendly energy harvesting approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipidomics Changes Observed when Caco-2 Are co-cultured with the Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli Under Simulated Microgravity","authors":"Giulia Tolle,&nbsp;Gabriele Serreli,&nbsp;Monica Deiana,&nbsp;Valentina Coroneo,&nbsp;Antonella Pantaleo,&nbsp;Pierluigi Caboni","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10227-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-025-10227-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The influence of simulated microgravity on cellular processes has attracted growing interest due to its relevance in space biology and medical research. This study investigates the impact of simulated microgravity on Caco-2 cells, a widely used human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, co-cultured with the pathogenic enterohemorrhagic <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 strain. The experiment explored cells lipids alterations and metabolic changes under microgravity conditions compared to terrestrial gravity. Using a lipidomics approach under simulated microgravity we observed an upregulation of lysophosphatidylcholines LysoPC 14:0, LysoPC 16:0, LysoPC 16:1, LysoPC 17:0, LysoPC 18:0, LysoPC 18:1, LysoPC 20:1 as well as ceramides Cer 18:1;O₂/16:0, Cer 18:1;O₂/24:0, Cer 18:2;O₂/24:0. Conversely, we detected a downregulation of phosphatidylcholines PC 14:0/14:0, PC 14:0/16:1, PC 16:0/16:1 and PC 18:0/18:1 and sphingomyelins SM 18:1;O₂/16:0, SM 18:1;O₂/24:0, and SM 18:2;O₂/24:0, and the betaine lipids of microbial origin diacylglyceryl-trimethylhomoserine DGTS 16:0/19:1 and DGTS 19:1/19:1. These findings provide insights into the molecular adaptations of human epithelial cells in response to microgravity and offer a foundation for future studies on microbiome-host dynamics in spaceflight environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microgravity-Induced Anaemia: Insights, Mechanisms, and Inducing Factors","authors":"Akshay Muralidhara,&nbsp;Jey Kumar Pachiyappan,&nbsp;Anitha Marimuthu,&nbsp;Galina Yu. Vassilieva,&nbsp;Bala Sai Soujith Nidamanuri,&nbsp;Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10226-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-025-10226-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microgravity anaemia is a significant physiological issue in space travel, characterized by a decrease in red blood cell mass and haematological parameters. The history of spaceflights, from the Gemini and Apollo to the International Space Station, demonstrates repeated decreases in RBC mass and haemoglobin upon exposure to microgravity. The intrinsic pathophysiology includes enhanced hemolysis, fluid shift with disturbed plasma volume, and an imbalance in erythropoietin signaling and erythropoiesis. Microgravity not only enhances RBC breakdown by as much as 54% compared to Earth conditions but also causes rapid fluid redistribution, with effects on cardiovascular and renal function. This is further influenced by changes in erythropoietin regulation and the process of neo-cytolysis, whereby repressed erythropoietin causes the selective elimination of neocytes, thereby precisely regulating RBC mass in response to environmental changes. A clear understanding of these processes will be crucial for maximizing crew health and designing effective countermeasures to prevent microgravity-induced anemia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Autonomic Regulation of the Human Cardiovascular System in Hypomagnetic Conditions After Simulated 12-month Isolation","authors":"O. V. Popova,&nbsp;V. B. Rusanov,&nbsp;O. I. Orlov","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10209-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-025-10209-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During interplanetary flights, hypomagnetic conditions (HMC) may be one of the specific factors affecting the astronaut’s body. Their combined effect with other factors of flight beyond low Earth orbit will greatly enhance the damaging effect on the body, including on the structural and functional state of the cardiovascular system (CVS). Our study was performed during a 12-month simulated isolation. It was attended by 6 healthy volunteers (2 men and 4 women). HMC (0.113 ± 0.062 µT) was modeled on -(2–4) days before the volunteers were placed in a hermetic facility and at the final stage of isolation (346–350) days of stay in a hermetic facility. Two 4-hour exposures with GMU exposure and background studies were conducted. Throughout their stay in the facility, each volunteer underwent continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. The main indicators characterizing the autonomic modulating effects on the cardiovascular system changed in the HMC as follows: compared with the background, both women and men had higher heart rate in the HMC, VLF(mc²) and LF(mc²), as well as in men, the total power of the spectrum increased and prevailed in both exposures. When viewing ECG recordings in women, episodes of tachycardia were detected in the isolation exposure, as well as cardiac arrhythmias in the form of extrasystoles of ventricular and atrial origin, no cardiac arrhythmias were detected before isolation. In general, the strongest response of regulatory mechanisms associated with autonomic influences on the CVS in the HMC after 12 months of isolation was observed in women compared to men. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Gastrocnemius-Soleus Muscle Activity on Velcroid Sloping Surfaces during Different Tasks in Human Body","authors":"Ishani Kapoor,&nbsp;Dilbag Singh,&nbsp;Kishore K. Deepak","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10224-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-025-10224-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The functioning of gastrocnemius-soleus (G-S) muscle complex aids in stabilizing and controlling major bony joints, it also provides the primary coordination of the foot and body mass support. Geometric positioning of the foot and transferring of plantar loads can be adversely impacted in human musculature system because of the inactivity of muscles in microgravity environment. Differential activation of the G-S muscles can be analyzed to learn more about their roles during movement, performance and injury prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze G-S muscle activity during on velcroid (V) and nonvelcroid (NV) sloping surfaces during slope walking, standing and calf raise in human Body. In the present study, it was hypothesized that muscle activity of G-S muscle complex enhances during slope walking, standing and calf raise on V sloping surface. 10 volunteers performed above activities on predefined slope angles of 0° ± 6°, ± 12° and ± 18° for both NV and V sloping surfaces. Biopac^® data acquisition system was used to obtain EMG signals to analyze the muscular activities in time and frequency domains. It was observed that soleus muscle activity was increased by 22% for 0 ° to 18 ° inclination and 21% for 0 ° to -18 ° declination on V-surface. Similarly, for gastrocnemius muscle the muscle activity was enhanced on V sloping surface by 20% for 0 ° to 18 ° inclination and 15% for 0 ° to -18 ° declination respectively. ANOVA results demonstrate the muscle activity increased substantially (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) during these tasks being performed on V sloping surface. Further analysis indicates that muscle activity is stronger for soleus muscle as compared to gastrocnemius muscle. Also, there is no other similar work reported previously, that has been done for this purpose. This information about enhanced muscle activity is envisaged to have important clinical implications as it will play an important role in training and rehabilitation activities along with creating a countermeasures solution necessary when G-S muscle experience disuse.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Numerical Study of Temperature and Flow Field Characteristics of CdTe Crystal Growth in Low Gravity Field","authors":"Weiyi He,&nbsp;Xuechao Liu,&nbsp;Hengduo Wu,&nbsp;Shengnan Jiang,&nbsp;Weijie Deng,&nbsp;Kun Chen,&nbsp;Meibo Tang,&nbsp;Xiuhong Pan,&nbsp;Min Jin","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10219-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-025-10219-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Magnitude and Direction of Gravity on the Structure and Morphology of Non-premixed Methane/air jet Flames","authors":"Haoyang Fan,&nbsp;Wang Han,&nbsp;Wenjun Kong,&nbsp;Lijun Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10223-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-025-10223-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous investigations have demonstrated that gravity has a significant impact on laminar jet flames. While significant progress has been made, the effects of the magnitude and direction of gravity on laminar jet diffusion flames remain poorly understood. To this end, a series of laminar non-premixed methane/air jet flame simulations is conducted in this work, considering zero gravity, normal gravity, and supergravity in both positive and negative directions relative to the direction of the fuel jet inlet. The results indicate that both flame height and flame width decrease as the magnitude of gravity increases. Analysis of heat release rate and elemental reactions reveals that supergravity can enhance local reaction rates and heat release. The influence of gravity on the flames is further examined in the mixture fraction space. It is found that increasing the magnitude of gravity decreases the mixing time scale, resulting in some oxygen penetrating through the flame front into the interior of the flame. Furthermore, the results show that gravity primarily affects the radial (axial) direction of the jet flame under normal (negative) gravity conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Flight Control Strategies for Atmospheric Reduced-gravity Maneuvers","authors":"Mohammed Nasser Aldosari","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10218-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-025-10218-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reduced-gravity flight is a critical enabler for microgravity research, technology demonstration, and human spaceflight preparation. Among available platforms, aircraft performing parabolic maneuvers provide a practical and repeatable means of generating short-duration reduced-gravity environments. Achieving precise and sustained <i>g</i>-level profiles during these maneuvers, however, poses significant challenges due to nonlinear aircraft dynamics and environmental disturbances. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of control methodologies for reduced-gravity flight, covering manned aircraft, fixed-wing UAVs, and multirotor systems. The review traces the evolution from early nonlinear and gain-scheduled approaches to advanced acceleration-feedback architectures designed for improved robustness and disturbance rejection. Each method is examined in terms of control structure, implementation complexity, and performance metrics, including residual acceleration and maneuver duration. Validation strategies, ranging from high-fidelity simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing to real-flight demonstrations, are compared to assess technological maturity. Key gaps are identified, including the absence of full-scale autonomous parabolic flights, and future research priorities are outlined in adaptive and fault-tolerant control, trajectory optimization, and airframe design innovations to enable reliable, autonomous reduced-gravity operations. Beyond surveying methods, this review codifies application requirements, distills recurring control challenges into design patterns, and offers concise practitioner guidance that links controller choices to reported residual-<i>g</i> performance across platforms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145561313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of Compressive and Rarefactive Nonlinear Dust-acoustic Waves in Non-thermal Complex (Dusty) Plasma Under Gravity and Microgravity Conditions","authors":"K. Benchallal,&nbsp;R. Fermous,&nbsp;M. Benzekka,&nbsp;R. Amour","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10214-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-025-10214-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation of nonlinear dust-acoustic (DA) wave dynamics in a nonthermal complex plasma environment, with a particular focus on the effects of gravity and microgravity. By employing Sagdeev pseudo-potential analysis and considering both constant and variable dust charge scenarios, we demonstrate the fundamental role of external fields and suprathermal electron populations in modulating wave structures. Under microgravity, the plasma supports the coexistence of both compressive and rarefactive DA solitons due to a symmetric double-well potential profile, with charge variability significantly enhancing soliton amplitude, especially for rarefactive modes. In contrast, gravity breaks this symmetry, suppresses compressive solitons, and induces spatial asymmetry and oscillatory electric field structures due to gravito-electrostatic coupling and dust stratification. Furthermore, we establish a physical equivalence between increasing nonthermal electron effects (via the non-thermal parameter <span>(alpha)</span>) and reducing dust grain mass, both of which enhance the charge-to-mass ratio and deepen electrostatic confinement. This equivalence, however, is shown to hold only under microgravity. Analytical scaling relations and numerical simulations reveal that microgravity enables a charge-driven regime, while gravity imposes density-dominated dynamics. These findings provide new insights into the behavior of nonlinear structures in dusty plasmas and offer relevant interpretations for plasma conditions in both space and laboratory settings such in parabolic flight experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}