Microchimica Acta最新文献

{"title":"Strawberry-shaped hybrid dendritic prodrug-based unimolecular micelles for improved drug release performance and real-time in-site fluorescence imaging","authors":"Wei Chen,&nbsp;Peng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07546-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07546-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dendritic polymer-based unimolecular micelles have attracted more interest in tumor chemotherapy. However, the drug release behavior was significantly affected by the hydrophilic-hydrophobic property of the dendritic cores. In the present work, carbon quantum dot (CQD) was used as a bridge between the dendritic core and drug to achieve a better drug release performance for imaging-mediated therapy. Strawberry-shaped hybrid prodrug was designed with a DOX content of 16.7%. The resultant hybrid unimolecular micelles with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of around 82 nm showed sustained acid-triggered DOX release with minimized drug leakage, possessing enhanced anti-tumor efficacy compared to free DOX. Furthermore, the fluorescence of the hybrid unimolecular micelles could be turned on for imaging-guided cancer therapy after tumor intracellular drug release.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating liquid-phase interfacial SERS ratiometric sensors with biobarcoded nanoparticle probes for on-site sensitive detection of antibiotic residues in food","authors":"Yuhao Qiao,&nbsp;Ke Chen,&nbsp;Xiaorong Gao,&nbsp;Wenyu Qiao,&nbsp;Shuling Xu,&nbsp;Rui Liu,&nbsp;Qingwang Xue","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07525-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07525-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A liquid-phase interfacial surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) ratiometric sensor is proposed through integrating with catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA)-engineered biobarcoded nanoparticle probes for sensitive and accurate kanamycin (Kana) detection. In the SERS ratiometric sensors, the Au-MBA@Ag nanoparticles (Au-MBA@Ag NPs) array generated by self-assembly on the hexane–water interface functionalized with Cy5-labeled Cu²⁺-specific DNAzyme (Cu-Enz), serving as SERS platform. Kana-driven aptamer specificity recognition followed by CHA-engineered biobarcoded-like copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) probe, generating a cascade Cu²⁺ dual-signal amplification. The products of Cu²⁺ activate DNAzyme, which cleaves the substrate strand on the SERS substrate, bringing the Raman label Cy5 closer to the SERS substrate and generating a strong SERS signal (“on” status). Quantitative detection of Kana is achieved by using the SERS intensity ratio between Cy5 and 4-MBA, which serves as corrective internal standard (IS). Benefiting from the synergistic amplification of CHA and CuO NPs chemical signal amplification, the ratiometric amplifier specifically measures Kana with a sensitivity of 0.003 ng/mL. Compared with solid-phase SERS substrates, ratio-dependent liquid-phase interfacial SERS platforms can effectively enhance the reproducibility and reduce the instability of the signal analysis, enabling to distinguish Kana even from excess coexisting interferences. Significantly, the SERS ratiometric sensors can achieve reliable and accurate detection of Kana in honey, indicating that this method has great potential for practical applications in food analysis.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Si@D(AuPt) nanozyme-driven point-of-care testing technology for real-time monitoring of clinical urinary-related indicators","authors":"Guangmin Cheng,&nbsp;Wenlong Bai,&nbsp;Xuanming Zhang,&nbsp;Xuan Xia,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Dong Feng,&nbsp;Lei Wei,&nbsp;Chongwen Wang,&nbsp;Shu Wang,&nbsp;Shuai Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07531-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07531-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the challenges of poor system compatibility, low sensitivity, and narrow detection range in traditional colorimetric lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFA) for dynamic monitoring of urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens (biomacromolecules) and antibiotics (small molecules), we propose a colorimetric-enhanced LFA technique based on monodisperse bimetallic composite nanozymes (Si@D(AuPt)), achieving rapid and precise detection of different types of markers in real urinary tract infection samples. The raspberry-like Si@D(AuPt) nanozyme employs a highly stable SiO₂ core, with continuous loading of double-layer dense AuPt nanoparticles to provide rough surface area and dense spatial catalytic sites, greatly enhancing the complex sample stability and peroxidase activity of single nanolabel. Furthermore, efficient and stable antibody-nanomaterial coupling was achieved through 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) molecule mediation, improving the universal detection capability and accuracy of the LFA system. Experimental results show that the platform achieves detection Limits of 11.64 cells/mL for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (sandwich mode), 6.70 pg/mL for gentamicin, and 3.69 pg/mL for cefalexin (competitive mode), with sensitivity at least 400 times higher than traditional colloidal AuNP-based LFA strips. Additionally, the proposed assay demonstrates excellent stability, sensitivity, and specificity in actual urine samples, providing a reliable technical means for real-time monitoring of UTI related indicators.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early warning of drug-induced cardiotoxicity: quantitative determination of Mfn2 biomarker via electrochemical immunosensing technology","authors":"Zixia Wang,&nbsp;Mian Chen,&nbsp;Diaoguo Li,&nbsp;Bolu Sun,&nbsp;Jiali Kang,&nbsp;Haiying He,&nbsp;Ying Lv,&nbsp;Xuanxiu Da,&nbsp;Miao Zhou,&nbsp;Yong Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07482-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07482-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) poses a significant challenge in both drug development and clinical practice, Making early and accurate assessment crucial. Existing studies have shown that mitochondrial fusion mediated by mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) is closely associated with DIC, and that upregulation of Mfn2 reduces drug-induced cardiomyocyte damage and apoptosis, suggesting that Mfn2 could be a potential biomarker for early warning assessment of DIC. Due to the defects of cumbersome operation, limited sensitivity, high cost, and difficulty in popularization of existing detection technologies, this study pioneers a novel electrochemical immunosensor for highly sensitive Mfn2 detection using a composite sensing substrate of MXene-derived sodium titanate nanorods and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (M-NTO-MWCNT). This technology enables early warning and assessment of drug-induced cardiotoxicity. The M-NTO component, with its unique nanorod structure, abundant active sites, and high surface area, significantly enhances sensitivity and provides abundant antibody immobilization sites. Meanwhile, MWCNTs improve electron transfer efficiency and selectivity due to their superior conductivity and interconnected network. Under optimized conditions, the sensor achieves a detection Limit as low as 1.85 ng mL⁻¹ and a Linear range of 9.38 × 10⁻¹–2.40 × 10² ng mL⁻¹. Serum sample testing demonstrated excellent reproducibility (RSD &lt; 5%), outperforming conventional ELISA methods. This study provides a new rapid and highly sensitive test solution for the early warning of drug-derived cardiotoxicity, offering technical support and scientific basis for safety assessment in new drug development.\u0000</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00604-025-07482-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polydopamine-mediated in situ growth of multibranched Au mesocrystals on carbon nanotube foams for sensitive, uniform and stable SERS detection","authors":"Rong Yang,&nbsp;Qian Wang,&nbsp;Ling Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaodong Shen,&nbsp;Yang Cao,&nbsp;Yifeng Wang,&nbsp;Wenbo Xin","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07534-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07534-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A facile, one-pot synthesis method is proposed for the in situ growth of multibranched gold (Au) mesocrystals on polydopamine (PDA)-modified three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanotube (CNT) foams using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) as shape-directing agents. The synthesized Au mesocrystals exhibit complex 3D architectures composed of ultra-long branches (exceeding 1 μm) with sharp tips and serrated edges. Their morphology can be precisely tuned on CNT foams by adjusting the concentrations of CTAB and AgNO₃ in the growth solutions. The resulting CNT foam-multibranched Au mesocrystal hybrids exhibit high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensitivity, enabling the detection of rhodamine 6G and thiram at concentrations as low as 1 × 10^–11 M and 1 × 10^–10 M, respectively. Additionally, the 3D SERS substrates exhibit excellent uniformity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, maintaining high SERS activity after 10 weeks of storage. Importantly, the SERS substrates achieve sensitive detection of thiram on apple peels down to 2.4 ng/cm². This work provides a promising strategy for the efficient fabrication of high-performance 3D SERS platforms for practical sensing applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current advances in multi-strategy collaborative sensitization for self-powered electrochemical biosensors and their applications in disease biomarker detection","authors":"Yong-ping Gao,&nbsp;Meng Zeng,&nbsp;Ke-jing Huang,&nbsp;Guoqiang Li","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07498-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07498-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Self-powered electrochemical biosensors have emerged as a cutting-edge direction in disease biomarker detection due to their miniaturization potential and external power-free characteristics. Enzymatic biofuel cell-based self-powered biosensors (EBFC-SPB), a green energy conversion device that utilizes biological enzymes as catalysts to directly convert bioenergy into electricity, have become a new research hotspot owing to its operational simplicity, biocompatibility, and efficient performance in both plants and animals. However, challenges such as suboptimal catalytic efficiency, limited open-circuit voltage, and low power output have hindered its applications in human health monitoring. In recent years, researchers have developed various sensitization-enhancement strategies (including nanomaterial sensitization, nucleic acid signal amplification, enzyme catalytic enhancement, energy storage/conversion optimization, and synergistic multi-strategy approaches) to improve EBFC-SPB’s detection capabilities and expand its practical applications in biofluids (such as blood, sweat, saliva, tears, interstitial fluid, and urine), thereby making significant contributions to real-time tracking and accurate detection of disease biomarkers. This review summarizes the working principles of EBFCs, analyzes the design rationale of multi-strategy synergistic sensitization in EBFC-SPB, examines its applications in human disease biomarker detection, and prospects its future research directions and potential applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A smartphone-integrated portable colorimetric sensing platform for ascorbic acid based on a PtAu@Rh nanozyme with high specific activity","authors":"Jian Hao,&nbsp;Xiaojie Dong,&nbsp;Zeyang Yu,&nbsp;Kai Cai","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07530-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07530-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p> A PtAu@Rh nanozyme with strong peroxidase (POD)-like activity was synthesized via the template method, and a colorimetric sensing platform for ascorbic acid (AA) detection based on UV‒vis or smartphone assistance was established. The results revealed that the specific activity of the PtAu@Rh-2 nanozyme reached 1789 U mg⁻¹, with V_max and K_m of 1.3488 × 10⁻⁶ M s⁻¹ and 1.8286 mM, respectively. Under optimal detection conditions, the developed smartphone-assisted method achieved a wide detection range (0.5–50 μM) and a low limit of detection (LOD, 0.138 μM). Spike recovery experiments in various actual samples verified the reliability and feasibility of the developed method, yielding recoveries of 95.34% to 104.28% and relative standard deviations of 0.29% to 5.06%, both within the acceptable standard range. This work provides not only a reliable strategy for synthesizing high-efficiency nanozymes but also a convenient AA detection method to help individuals make reasonable and healthy dietary choices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing green chemistry for the sensitive and selective detection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) monitoring: the role of nanomaterial-embedded electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors","authors":"Nimisha Jadon,&nbsp;Ahmet Cetinkaya,&nbsp;Sena Piskin,&nbsp;Lokman Uzun,&nbsp;Esen Bellur Atici,&nbsp;Sibel A. Ozkan","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07513-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07513-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>N</i>-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), a potent carcinogen with an acceptable intake (AI) of 26.5 ng/day, poses a significant health risk, necessitating accurate detection and quantification. Here, we introduce the first-ever molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)–based electrochemical sensor, NDEA/ZnONPs@APTES/CHT/3-TBA@MIP/GCE, for the selective and sensitive detection of NDEA. The sensor was fabricated by depositing green-synthesized 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), followed by electropolymerization (EP) with chitosan (CHT) and 3-thienyl boronic acid (3-TBA) to form a molecularly imprinted polymeric film. The APTES-ZnONPs were characterized using IR and Raman spectroscopies, XRD, zeta-size, and -potential analyses, while the polymeric films, synthesized with and without NDEA, were analyzed via SEM. Electrochemical characterization was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) by using 5.0 mM [Fe(CN)₆]^3−/4− solution as a redox probe for quantitative detection of NDEA. The developed sensor exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for NDEA over a concentration range of 0.1–1.0 pM, achieving detection and quantification Limits of 5.92 fM and 19.80 fM in standard solutions and 12.60 fM and 42.00 fM in commercial serum samples, respectively. It maintained high recovery percentages even in biological interferents, potential impurities such as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), and drug substances like sartans, demonstrating exceptional selectivity. Furthermore, a Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) assessment classified the sensor as an environmentally superior alternative to traditional methods, achieving a 99% greener score. This pioneering green MIP-based sensor presents a promising platform for environmental monitoring, portable and miniaturized sensing, and rapid on-site NDEA detection, addressing the urgent need for sensitive, selective, and eco-friendly analytical tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a water-soluble polarity/reactive nitrogen species dual-responsive fluorescence probe with enhanced specificity/sensitivity for early-stage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosis","authors":"Haiping Wang,&nbsp;Li Luo,&nbsp;Feifei Han,&nbsp;Sibei Peng,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Xiji Shu,&nbsp;Binlian Sun,&nbsp;Yuchen Liu,&nbsp;Song Zhang,&nbsp;Yao Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07533-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07533-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health concern, but early diagnosis remains challenging due to the limitations of current methods, which are often invasive or lack sensitivity. To address this, we developed UIO-YB, a dual-responsive fluorescence probe combining water-soluble UIO carriers with a polarity-sensitive dye (YB) for precise NAFLD detection. UIO-YB exhibits dual fluorescence emission (red for YB, blue for UIO), enabling simultaneous detection of lipid accumulation (via YB’s polarity response) and oxidative stress markers (via UIO’s RNS reactivity). In vitro, UIO-YB detected lipid droplets in HepG2 cells within 2 h, surpassing Oil Red O in speed and simplicity. In vivo, it accurately visualized Hepatic steatosis in mice after 6 weeks of a high-fat diet, demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity. Unlike conventional dyes, UIO-YB operates without organic solvents, simplifying protocols while reducing background noise. UIO-YB’s water solubility and dual-response design overcome key limitations of existing probes, offering a rapid, scalable tool for early NAFLD detection. Its performance in cellular and preclinical models highlights its potential to advance NAFLD research and clinical diagnostics. This innovation paves the way for non-invasive, high-sensitivity imaging to improve disease monitoring and intervention.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An all-in-one assay for bacteria-related detections through gold nanoparticles-amplified electrical conductivity","authors":"Shicheng Su,&nbsp;Jing Hu,&nbsp;Yichun Zhu,&nbsp;Bing Liang,&nbsp;Yaping Zhu,&nbsp;Shuifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Huadong Sheng,&nbsp;Hongbo Chen,&nbsp;Yunlei Xianyu,&nbsp;Chunyan He","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07536-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07536-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p> An all-in-one assay based on the electrical conductivity (EC) has been developed that enables the viability test and the specific detection of pathogenic bacteria, including the differentiation of (1) live/dead bacteria, (2) drug-sensitive/resistant bacteria, (3) Gram-positive/negative bacteria, and (4) specific detection of <i>A. baumannii</i>. Key to this assay is the modification of gold nanoparticles on the surface of bacteria that can amplify the EC signal for enhanced sensitivity and rapid detection. The amplification effect of gold nanoparticles significantly reduces the time and enhances the sensitivity for bacteria detection. This EC-based assay outcompetes traditional colorimetric and fluorescent methods owing to its rapid response, convenient operation, and low cost, which holds great promise for biosensing.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}