Acta biochimica Polonica最新文献

{"title":"Vitamin D, calcium, phosphates, and magnesium serum level and bone mineral density in patients with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Agnieszka Zawada, Michał Michalak, Dariusz Naskręt, Agata Grzelka-Woźniak, Alicja Ewa Ratajczak-Pawłowska, Anna Maria Rychter, Kinga Skoracka, Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak, Dorota Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz, Agnieszka Dobrowolska, Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.15388","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.15388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Abnormal glucose metabolism, which is a common condition in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), triggers a number of changes in various organs. Additionally, elevated blood glucose level also affects the bones. Bone mineral density (BMD), vitamin D, calcium, phosphates, and magnesium serum concentrations are significant factors assessed in bone metabolism. In this study, we evaluated these factors and the impact of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D and BMD levels in T1DM patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 66 adults with T1DM and a control group of 66 healthy adults of the same age and weight. Densitometric measurements of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck (FN) were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The concentration of vitamin D, calcium, phosphates, and magnesium in the blood was assessed. All patients completed a questionnaire regarding vitamin D supplementation and symptoms associated with osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in the range, BMD, Z-score and T-score for FN and L1-L4 were observed in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Only 50% of participants with diabetes and osteopenia and only 40% of diabetic patients without osteopenia showed optimal vitamin D concentration. There were no differences in BMD, T-score and Z-score of FN, as well as in L1-L4 between the subjects who supplemented and those who did not supplement vitamin D.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with T1DM are more at risk of developing osteoporosis than healthy individuals. Vitamin D may not be the only factor affecting BMD. Patients with T1DM should be screened for osteoporosis and other complications. Patients with type 1 diabetes should receive higher doses of vitamin D than healthy adults and control their calcium, magnesium and phosphates serum concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"15388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12907215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of serum tryptase in COVID-19 pathogenesis and its value as a prognostic marker: a single-center prospective cohort study.","authors":"Alan Majeranowski, Damian Palus, Michał Hoffmann, Zbigniew Heleniak, Tomasz Stefaniak, Krzysztof Kuziemski","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.15936","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.15936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dysregulated inflammation is central to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Mast cells (MCs) and their protease tryptase are implicated in tissue injury and vascular dysfunction, but the prognostic value of circulating tryptase in COVID-19 remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study including 82 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted between January and March 2021. On admission, serum tryptase, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lymphocyte counts were measured. The objective of this study was to assess whether serum tryptase levels measured upon hospital admission are associated with COVID-19 severity and in-hospital mortality. Statistical analyses comprised t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, χ² tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum tryptase levels at admission did not differ significantly between patients requiring oxygen and those who did not (mean 5.45 vs. 4.97 μg/L; p = 0.2906) or between survivors and non-survivors (mean 5.24 vs. 5.60 μg/L; p = 0.6486). ROC analysis confirmed limited prognostic performance for tryptase regarding oxygen requirement (AUC = 0.580; p = 0.2972) and mortality (AUC = 0.538; p = 0.6103). By contrast, CRP, PCT, and LDH correlated strongly with disease severity. Elevated PCT (p = 0.0016) and LDH (p = 0.0360) were significantly associated with mortality. Logistic regression showed no independent association between tryptase and adverse outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this prospective cohort, serum tryptase measured at admission was not associated with COVID-19 severity or mortality, suggesting limited utility as a prognostic biomarker. Established markers, particularly PCT and LDH, outperformed tryptase in predicting adverse clinical outcomes. The negative findings are clinically relevant as they demonstrate that tryptase does not contribute to prognostic risk stratification in COVID-19, and its measurement does not provide added value beyond standard inflammatory biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"15936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA splicing in bone diseases: mechanisms, pathogenesis and therapeutics.","authors":"Linlin Zheng, Hui Sun, Ning Li, Lianqing Wang, Tianchu Li, Qiaoli Zhai","doi":"10.3389/abp.2025.15819","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2025.15819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA splicing is a fundamental post-transcriptional mechanism that enables the generation of diverse mRNA isoforms from a single gene, thereby expanding proteomic complexity and regulating cell fate decisions. Emerging evidence highlights that dysregulated splicing contributes to the onset and progression of various bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and skeletal malignancies. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the core mechanisms of pre-mRNA splicing, with emphasis on alternative splicing events that modulate bone cell differentiation, matrix formation, and tissue homeostasis. We further discuss how aberrant splicing impacts signaling pathways involved in bone metabolism and disease pathogenesis, and we explore the epigenetic and RNA-binding protein networks that fine-tune these processes. Finally, we examine the therapeutic potential of targeting splicing machinery or correcting mis-splicing events using small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides, and RNA-based approaches. This comprehensive overview provides mechanistic insights and highlights splicing regulation as a promising avenue for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"72 ","pages":"15819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12832560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and related factors among adults in Tokat province, Türkiye: a community-based cross-sectional study.","authors":"Muzaffer Katar, Rıza Çıtıl, Yalçın Önder, Osman Demir","doi":"10.3389/abp.2025.15459","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2025.15459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health concern, worldwide yet data on the adult population in Türkiye remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors in Tokat Province, Türkiye.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,225 adults aged ≥20 years through multistage stratified cluster sampling from both urban and rural areas. Data were obtained via structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and fasting blood samples. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels were measured and categorized as deficient (<10 ng/mL), insufficient (10-20 ng/mL), or sufficient (>20 ng/mL). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of deficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 47.2 ± 15.2 years, and 54.8% were women. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 38.7% and insufficiency in 46.4% of participants. Deficiency was significantly more common among women, the older adult, obese individuals, and those with lower education levels and chronic diseases (p < 0.05). In the adjusted model female sex (aOR 0.19, 95% CI 0.14-0.27), obesity (aOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.36-2.28), and lower education were independent predictors of deficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent among adults in Tokat Province, despite adequate sunlight exposure in the region. Public health strategies/interventions should focus on high-risk groups, prioritize particularly women, older adults, and obese individuals through screening, education, and targeted supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"72 ","pages":"15459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12819332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146027795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoglobin as an oxygen gasoreceptor.","authors":"Savani Anbalagan","doi":"10.3389/abp.2025.15546","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2025.15546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In most vertebrates, hemoglobin's primary function is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin is also expressed in cells such as dopaminergic neurons and chondrocytes, as well as in organelles such as mitochondria. Depending on its location, hemoglobin subunits can interact with proteins involved in various functions, including anion exchange, nitric oxide synthesis, and ATP synthesis. These interactions suggest that hemoglobin has diverse regulatory roles beyond gas transport. During hypoxia and an excess of nitrite and protons, deoxygenated hemoglobin exhibits nitrite reductase activity and produces nitric oxide, a gaseous signaling molecule. Hemoglobin-derived nitric oxide is associated with vasodilation in mammals and the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in cell cultures. This raises the question of whether hemoglobin functions as a gasoreceptor in these cells or organelles. The HIF1α/PHD2 pathway in mammals and cysteine oxidases in plants are largely responsible for sensing hypoxia, but the identity of oxygen gasoreceptors analogous to the mammalian nitric oxide gasoreceptor soluble guanylate cyclase and the plant ethylene gasoreceptor kinases remains unknown. Since the heme-based dual oxygen-binding and catalytic domain emerged earlier than the allosteric regions, I propose hemoglobin as an oxygen proto-gasoreceptor derivative. Furthermore, since hemoglobin interacts with and regulates proteins depending on its oxygen binding state, I propose that hemoglobin functions as an oxygen gasoreceptor in split-component signal transduction systems. Recognizing hemoglobin as a gasoreceptor will expand the emerging field of gasocrinology to encompass gases that were previously considered primarily metabolic substrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"72 ","pages":"15546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12755159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145888531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dual Edge of zinc: linking excessive intake to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular risks.","authors":"Tanushree Das, Rhea Ahongshangbam, Romoka Chabungbam, Kshetrimayum Birla Singh","doi":"10.3389/abp.2025.15550","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2025.15550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc, an essential trace element, plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes, including antioxidant defense, immune regulation, and metabolic homeostasis. However, excessive Zn supplementation disrupts these pathways, contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. This systematic review explores the dual-edged nature of Zn by examining its molecular impacts, including antioxidant enzyme dysregulation, leptin receptor resistance, and inflammatory marker modulation. While optimal Zn levels confer protective benefits, such as improved insulin sensitivity and reduced oxidative stress, excessive intake triggers systemic inflammation, oxidative damage, and metabolic dysregulation. Contrasting evidence highlights dose-dependent effects and variability based on genetic and environmental factors, underscoring the need for tailored dietary guidelines. Knowledge gaps persist regarding Zn toxicity thresholds, long-term impacts, and interactions with other nutrients. Public health policies must prioritize balanced supplementation strategies to mitigate risks while leveraging Zn's therapeutic potential in chronic disease prevention. This review emphasizes the importance of precision nutrition and evidence-based approaches to optimize Zn's benefits while minimizing its adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"72 ","pages":"15550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12738369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145848661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gasocrine hypothesis - a potential supplement to cell theory.","authors":"Savani Anbalagan","doi":"10.3389/abp.2025.15465","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2025.15465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biology textbooks lack precise terms to describe oxygen-based inter-organismal signaling between oxygen-producing and aerobic organisms. To address this gap, I recently proposed the concept of gasocrine signaling, which encompasses all signaling mediated by gaseous molecules and gasoreceptors within and between cells, organisms, and even abiotic factors. Given the fundamental importance of gaseous molecules for life, I propose the gasocrine hypothesis: all cells require gasocrine signaling. This hypothesis can be divided into three sub-hypotheses: First, all living organisms composed of one or more cells require gasocrine signaling to sense, communicate, grow, and propagate. Second, gasocrine signaling mediated via gasoreceptor proteins (or yet to be identified gas-sensing riboceptors) is the most essential cellular and inter-organismal signaling. Third, acellular entities arising from or replicating in pre-existing cells require gasocrine signaling. I propose several potential experiments to falsify these hypotheses. If they withstand falsification, the gasocrine hypothesis would supplement cell theory. It would also provide a novel framework for understanding fundamental biological principles, cellular and organismal communication, and the role of abiotic factors. Furthermore, it establishes the foundation for the emerging field of gasocrinology, which is critical in the context of a changing environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"72 ","pages":"15465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12732322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145832046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of low concentrations of fatty acids on <i>Escherichia coli</i> depend on the kind of culture medium and incubation temperature.","authors":"Barbara Stencel, Monika Zielenkiewicz, Łukasz Grabowski","doi":"10.3389/abp.2025.15672","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2025.15672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatty acids play important, yet different roles in bacterial physiology, specifically their growth, either stimulating or inhibiting this parameter which are of biotechnological importance. Here, we present results showing to what degree short- and medium-chain fatty acids (butyric acid (butanoic acid, C4:0); caproic acid (hexanoic acid, C6:0); caprylic acid (octanoic acid, C8:0)), used at relatively low concentrations (in a range of μg/mL, contrary to previously reported mg/mL which revealed inhibitory effects on bacterial growth) affect growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (MG1655 laboratory strain) depending on various conditions. In rich medium (LB) positive effects of all tested fatty acids on <i>E. coli</i> growth were observed, while temperature of incubation (growth at 25 °C and 37 °C was assessed) modulated these effects. In contrast, a slight but significant growth inhibition by fatty acids was observed in a minimal medium (M9) supplemented with glucose. Nonetheless, in minimal medium containing acetate, the effects of these compounds varied, being either positive or negative depending on their concentrations. No measurable bacterial growth was observed in the case of the presence of any tested fatty acids when primary carbon source (glucose or acetate) was removed from a minimal medium before addition of butyric acid, caproic acid or caprylic acid. Our results indicated that effects of low concentrations of fatty acids on <i>E. coli</i> cells depend on growth conditions of bacterial cultures. This may be of biotechnological importance, especially for modulating <i>E. coli</i> growth by using different compositions of media and incubation temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"72 ","pages":"15672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12665612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145660041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New analogs of 5-substituted-2(1<i>H</i>)-pyridone containing of natural amino acids as potential drugs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Investigation <i>in silico</i> and preliminary <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Krystyna Dzierzbicka, Maria Skrzypkowska, Monika Gensicka-Kowalewska, Mateusz Daśko, Bartosz Słomiński","doi":"10.3389/abp.2025.15218","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2025.15218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of our work was to analyze new functionalized analogues of 5-substituted-2(1<i>H</i>)-pyridone containing of natural amino acids derivatives as a potential drugs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The creation of connections with natural amino acids was aimed at obtaining anti-fibrotic compounds with better water solubility, increased hydrophilicity, lower toxicity and better pharmacokinetic properties. For the docking studies the corresponding grid box parameters were used: PARPγ, ALK5 andp38. During our initial research we have synthesized and performed biological <i>in vitro</i> studies for two analogues selected on the basis of molecular modeling: <b>6b</b> and <b>6f</b>. MTT test have been performed to select concentrations of PFD derivatives for subsequent analysis. We have analyzed HLA-DR and CXCR4 expression on fibroblasts and 24 h migration of TGF-β1-stimulated fibroblasts. We have also explored proliferation and production of TGF-β1 as well as IL-17 by CD3/CD28 beads-stimulated PBMCs. Preliminary studies show that the designed compounds exhibit promising potential as anti-fibrotic therapeutics. Therefore, their activity is worth further exploring.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"72 ","pages":"15218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12640879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145601507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: <i>Acta Biochimica Polonica</i> reviews | 2023-2024.","authors":"Michał Rurek, Jarosław Czyż, Zbigniew Heleniak, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Witold N Nowak, Milena Paw, Dawid Wnuk","doi":"10.3389/abp.2025.15744","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2025.15744","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"72 ","pages":"15744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12634455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145585868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}