Acta biochimica Polonica最新文献

{"title":"Pilot analysis of protein profile alterations in plasma and aortic tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats.","authors":"Anastasios Papageorgiou, Fragkiski-Ioanna Sofiou, Anastassios Philippou, Maria Gkrampovari, Konstantinos Agiannitopoulos, Lubomir Traikov","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.16571","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.16571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of proteins in cellular activity has received close attention. Proteome analysis can detect early enough changes in the cell before the appearance of pathological changes. Due to the increasing number of cardiovascular complications, more specifically hypertension in modern life, this experimental pilot study tries to detect early changes in the protein profile in cases with arterial hypertension. In this pilot study, animal models were used, specifically control rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), which are widely used as translational models relevant to human cardiovascular physiology. Using gel electrophoresis (GE) method, we analysed proteomic signature of blood plasma and aorta tissue samples of the animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"16571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin examination in extreme conditions.","authors":"Joanna Igielska-Kalwat","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.15045","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.15045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extreme indoor and outdoor conditions in patients' places of stay (hot or cold air and changes in humidity) lead to weakening of the lipid barrier function and disproportionate epidermal microbiota which results in a lower threshold of physical and chemical tolerance of the skin manifesting as erythema, burning, dryness and deterioration of skin condition. Chronic epidermal irritation caused by the above factors leads to discomfort and prevents the proper functioning of the skin, as it results in thickening of the epidermis, widening of the sebaceous glands and pigmentation disorders. Regenerative mechanisms preventing lipid peroxidation or carbonylation of skin cell proteins, including epidermis, are focused on restoring physiology and not on \"fibroblast protection\", which can accelerate the loss of firmness. Taking into account the theory of free radical or telomeric aging, it may be stated that the skin exposed to extreme conditions ages faster. When faced with such a problem, it seems pointless to apply invasive rejuvenating treatments without prior diagnosis or acquiring basic knowledge of care and hygiene of the epidermis. Daily skin care and cosmetics play a key role in the anti-aging process. Hygiene and proper cosmetic habits are essential for health and youthful appearance of the skin. Appropriate regulatory exfoliation, or the so-called turnover of the epidermis, should be used so as not to generate excessive free radical stress. Antioxidants are necessary for this. Modern products based on a liquid crystal base compatible with the liquid crystal structure of epidermal cement together with active emollients allow for restoration of appropriate epidermis parameters. The method of exfoliation with selected ingredients enables long-term skin cleansing by accelerating the turnover of the epidermis without excessive free radical stress, drying and irritation.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"15045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13175942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147961932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic architecture of obesity and advances in precision pharmacotherapy: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Floren Kavaja, Thomas Liehr, Gazmend Temaj","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.15484","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.15484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity, a global health catastrophe, arises from complex interactions between environmental factors and genetic predispositions. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the genetic basis of obesity and contrasts rare monogenic forms caused by mutations in a single gene with common polygenic forms caused by hundreds of genetic variants with small effects. We highlight important genes in neuroendocrine signaling pathways, particularly the leptin-melanocortin system involving <i>MC4R</i>, <i>LEP</i>, and <i>POMC</i>, as well as newly identified loci from genome-wide association studies such as <i>FTO</i> and <i>SEC16B</i>. The interplay between genetic probability and environmental factors underscores the heterogeneity of obesity phenotypes. Recent advances in pharmacotherapy, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual/triple incretin agonists, demonstrate strong efficacy across various genetic backgrounds and underscore the translational relevance of genetic insights. New findings from different groups support the use of polygenic risk scores to identify individuals at risk and suggest prevention strategies. This review discusses the genomic data on clinical practice and emphasizes the possibilities and challenges of precision medicine in obesity treatment. Future research should focus on length of genetic screening and elucidating gene-environment interactions to optimize treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"15484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species barriers in AAV tropism: mechanisms, models, and emerging solutions for clinical translation.","authors":"Xinyuan Xu","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.15939","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.15939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have become central to <i>in vivo</i> gene therapy across genetic and acquired diseases. Yet despite extensive preclinical validation, AAV programs often encounter translational gaps when advancing from rodents to non-human primates (NHPs) and ultimately to humans. These species barriers arise from differences in capsid-receptor interactions, intracellular trafficking, immune landscapes, and tissue microanatomy. Even within species, strain-level genetic variation can markedly alter vector performance, exemplified by the LY6A-dependent central nervous system (CNS) tropism of AAV-PhP.B in C57BL/6J mice. Old world monkeys, which are evolutionarily closer to humans than new world species, remain the most widely used models for systemic and CNS delivery, yet discrepancies in seroprevalence, complement activity, endothelial biology, and neuronal susceptibility still limit predictability. Recent advances, including machine learning-guided capsid design, deep mutational scanning, and human-derived organoids and explant models, offer powerful tools to bridge these barriers. This mini-review synthesizes current understanding of AAV species barriers and outlines strategies that enhance the robustness and human relevance of AAV gene therapy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"15939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between systemic inflammatory markers and recurrence risk in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Bekir Doğan, Deniz Baklacı","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.16188","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.16188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder that responds well to canalith repositioning maneuvers but is frequently complicated by recurrence. Increasing evidence suggests that systemic inflammation may influence disease course and recurrence risk. This study aimed to investigate the association between routinely available systemic inflammatory markers and BPPV recurrence within 6 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center retrospective cohort study, 300 adult patients diagnosed with BPPV between January 2020 and December 2024 were included. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels measured at initial presentation were analyzed. Recurrence within 6 months following successful canalith repositioning maneuvers was defined as the primary outcome. Group comparisons were performed using non-parametric tests. Independent predictors of recurrence were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate discriminatory performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the six-month follow-up period, recurrence occurred in 78 patients (26.0%). Patients with recurrence had significantly higher NLR and CRP levels compared with those without recurrence (both <i>p</i> < 0.001). SII values were also elevated in the recurrence group, although the difference was less pronounced (<i>p</i> = 0.048). In multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, and canal involvement, both NLR (odds ratio [OR]: 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.71) and CRP (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.10-1.46) emerged as independent predictors of BPPV recurrence. ROC analysis demonstrated moderate discriminatory ability for NLR (AUC = 0.71) and CRP (AUC = 0.69), whereas SII showed limited predictive performance (AUC = 0.62).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Systemic inflammatory markers, particularly NLR and CRP, are independently associated with recurrence risk in BPPV. Given their low cost and widespread availability, these markers may provide complementary information for early risk stratification. Further prospective and multicenter studies are required to clarify causal mechanisms and confirm clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"16188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13050786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> responses of <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> to <i>Odontosoria biflora</i> (Kaulf.) C.Chr. [<i>Lindsaeaceae</i>] hexane extract in diet- and alloxan-induced BALB/c mice.","authors":"Marvie Hamel Darbandi, Leslie Michelle M Dalmacio","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.16199","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.16199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> is a mucin-degrading gut bacterium linked to metabolic health, yet culture-based growth stimulation may not translate to sustained enrichment <i>in vivo</i>. <i>Odontosoria biflora</i> (\"tubho\") is traditionally consumed in the Philippines as a herbal tea, but its extract-level activity toward <i>A. muciniphila</i> remains poorly characterized. <i>O. biflora</i> was sequentially extracted (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, aqueous) and screened for growth-supporting activity toward <i>A. muciniphila</i> in modified BHI under anaerobic conditions. The most active fraction (hexane; OBE HEX) was evaluated for acute oral tolerability in BALB/c mice according to OECD Tesy No. 423 (up to 2000 mg/kg) and subsequently assessed in a high-fat/high-sugar diet plus alloxan-induced diabetic model. Fecal <i>A. muciniphila-</i>specific qPCR signal was monitored at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4 using a modified 2^-ΔΔCt approach with external ATCC genomic DNA as a reference. OBE-HEX produced the strongest <i>in vitro</i> growth-supporting effect (56.43% at 250 mg/L, p < 0.05; 85.62% at 500 mg/L, p < 0.001) and showed no observable toxicity <i>in vivo</i>. In contrast, <i>in vivo</i> analysis revealed only transient changes in fecal <i>A. muciniphila</i> detection following OBE-HEX administration, whereas sustained elevation was observed only in metformin-treated mice. Untargeted UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis of OBE-HEX yielded putative identification of 2-O-rhamnosylvitexin and 7-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,5-diol. Overall, these findings demonstrate that while <i>O. biflora</i> hexane extract exhibits direct growth-supporting activity toward <i>A. muciniphila in vitro</i> and is orally tolerable, such effects do not translate into sustained <i>in vivo</i> enrichment under diabetic conditions, underscoring the limitations of extrapolating culture-based microbiota screening results to host-associated systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"16199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12971532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147430219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural potential of the 5' noncoding regions of the mRNAs encoding p53 isoforms.","authors":"Mariola Dutkiewicz, Paulina Zydowicz-Machtel","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.15861","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.15861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Famous for its nickname \"guardian of the genome,\" the p53 protein acts, among other things, as a transcription factor in the form of a tetramer, which may consist of different types of p53 isoforms. They differ in length and content of specific domains that are responsible for their functions. The way this factor acts, sometimes opposite to what we would expect from the main protein isoform, depends on which isoforms form the tetramer. There are over a dozen isoforms of the human p53 protein encoded by a single gene, thanks to the use of different transcriptional promoters (DNA level), alternative splicing (pre-mRNA level), and different translation initiation sites (mRNA level). <i>In vitro</i> studies have demonstrated that the use of different translation initiation sites on full-length p53FL mRNA is possible due to specific RNA structures, and that these structures are also responsible for the rate and efficiency of target protein isoform formation. This affects the proportions between the different p53 isoforms present in the cell at a given moment and, consequently, the further fate of the cell. This paper summarizes the knowledge about the importance of the RNA structure (I-III order) of individual p53 transcripts for the fate of the cell and the organism.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"15861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147375694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of research trends on the epiretinal membrane since 2000.","authors":"ShuHan Zeng, Rui Wang, Jie Chen, Yue He","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.15244","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.15244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is an important retinal disorder, yet its global research landscape has not been systematically evaluated. This study conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of ERM-related publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. Data were analyzed using CiteSpace, bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and the bibliometrix R package to assess publication trends, international collaboration, influential journals, and evolving research topics. A total of 1,059 articles published between 2000 and 2024 were included. The annual number of publications showed a steady increase, with the United States and other developed countries contributing the majority of research output. Journal analysis identified Retina-The Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases as the leading outlet in terms of productivity. Keyword co-occurrence and co-citation analyses revealed that current research hotspots involve epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, imaging biomarkers associated with surgical outcomes, and the emerging use of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and prognosis prediction. These findings provide an integrated overview of ERM research development, highlight major thematic shifts, and offer valuable guidance for future investigations in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"15244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in endothelial cell targeting by AAV vectors.","authors":"Milena Cichon, Alicja Jozkowicz, Anna Grochot-Przeczek","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.15740","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.15740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have become a cornerstone of <i>in vivo</i> gene delivery. However, although the endothelium is the first cellular interface encountered after systemic delivery, native AAV serotypes exhibit poor endothelial transduction, favoring hepatocytes, muscle cells and, neurons instead. This limitation represents a major barrier to gene therapies targeting cardiovascular, neurovascular, and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in redirecting AAV tropism toward endothelial cells (ECs) through genetic capsid engineering, peptide display, and non-genetic surface modification. We highlight the previously underrecognized endothelial tropism of the AAV4 serotype, attributed to its unique recognition of O-linked sialic acids. We also describe multiple approaches to capsid retargeting, including the incorporation of EC-binding peptides that enable cell entry into specific vascular beds, as well as genetic engineering strategies that reduce heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) binding and hepatocyte transduction while enhancing intracellular trafficking in ECs. In addition, we discuss polymer-coating approaches that allow receptor-specific targeting of ECs with reduced recognition by immune cells. Together, these strategies represent promising avenues for enhancing vascular tropism and transduction efficiency of modified AAVs, moving the field closer to precise vascular gene therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"15740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12926770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147281791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low calcium intake from diet and supplements in a group of Polish patients with SLE - an additional risk for osteoporotic fractures?","authors":"Jolanta Anna Dardzińska, Natalia Matysiak, Karolina Kułakowska, Marta Jaskólska, Sylwia Małgorzewicz, Alessio Molfino","doi":"10.3389/abp.2026.15808","DOIUrl":"10.3389/abp.2026.15808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk of osteoporosis. Despite this, the awareness of adequate dietary calcium intake and other prevention strategies is often underrecognized in clinical practice and guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dietary calcium intake was assessed using the ADOS-Ca questionnaire, validated for the Polish population, in SLE patients recruited both in person and online from various outpatient clinics. Data on vitamin D supplementation, awareness of osteoporosis risk, and preventive actions initiated by healthcare providers were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median dietary calcium intake was 540 mg/day, below the recommended ≥1,000 mg or ≥1,200 mg (depending on age and sex). Only 25% of patients met these recommendations, including the subgroup of chronically taking glucocorticoids. Calcium supplementation was used by 31% of respondents on long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Regular vitamin D supplementation was reported by 79% of participants. Calcium and vitamin D intake and supplementation did not differ between patients treated and untreated with glucocorticoids. While 57% were aware of their elevated osteoporosis risk, only 32% had received guidance on preventive measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Greater attention to osteoporosis prevention is needed among SLE patients, both from healthcare professionals and the patients themselves. The first and most fundamental step is optimizing calcium intake through diet and supplementation, which is particularly important in undergoing long-term glucocorticoid therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":6984,"journal":{"name":"Acta biochimica Polonica","volume":"73 ","pages":"15808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12913196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}