Acta Physiologiae Plantarum最新文献

{"title":"A novel eco-friendly approach of combining vermicompost and effective microorganisms sustains wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) drought tolerance by modulating photosynthetic performance and nutrient acquisition","authors":"Neveen B. Talaat,&nbsp;Sameh A. M. Abdel-Salam","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03698-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03698-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The most significant threat to global food security is water scarcity. Despite the fact that vermicompost (an effective organic fertilizer rich in humic substances, macro- and micro-nutrients, earthworm excretions, beneficial soil microbes, plant growth hormones, enzymes) and effective microorganisms (EM; photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, fermenting fungi) have been recognized as powerful strategies for alleviating environmental stresses, their combined effect has not been studied. Herein, as a first investigation, we aimed to enhance wheat’s drought tolerance using an eco-friendly approach that combined vermicompost and EM. The study employed twelve treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments included control, as well as single and combined applications of vermicompost and EM at three different irrigation levels (100%, 70%, and 30% of field capacity). Vermicompost and EM, applied singly or in combination, ameliorated drought-induced reduction in wheat growth and productivity by elevating photosynthetic pigment content, photochemical processes, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry, actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, electron transport rate, photochemical quenching coefficient, and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry. Additionally, adding vermicompost and/or EM improved wheat drought tolerance by increasing nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, copper) acquisition, roots’ ATP content, H⁺-pump activity, and membrane stability index while lowering hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage. The new evidence demonstrates that combining vermicompost with EM sustains wheat drought tolerance by regulating photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient acquisition, root H⁺-pump activity, and membrane stability. Overall, utilizing vermicompost/EM is a novel approach to improving plant physiological responses and overcoming drought-related challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11738-024-03698-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in nonstructural carbohydrates and antioxidant metabolism in wheat leaf and spike under changing CO2 and nitrogen supply","authors":"Aneela Ulfat,&nbsp;Ali Aslam,&nbsp;Ansar Mehmood,&nbsp;Ambreen Wazarat","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03695-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03695-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nonstructural carbohydrates and antioxidants affect the yield of any plant. In this study, changes in nonstructural carbohydrates and antioxidant metabolism in leaf and spike, as well as their effects on grain yield, were examined in relation to elevated CO₂ and nitrogen supply. For this, a wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) was grown at two levels of CO₂, i.e., ambient 400 ppm (T1) and elevated 800 ppm (T2), with two levels of nitrogen supply, i.e., 0 gN (N1) and 1 gN (N2). In the sink, elevated CO₂ and nitrogen caused a several-fold increase in glucose content. Fructose showed an increase of 53% and 60% in N₂ treatment under both carbon levels. At the same time, sucrose content decreased by 112% and 100% with an increase in nitrogen doses under 400 ppm and 800 ppm. Higher N decreased the superoxide dismutase activity at ambient CO₂, while higher N at elevated carbon levels increased the superoxide dismutase activity. Elevated CO₂ decreased the catalase activity, while the peroxidases activity increased. In the spike, catalase activity increased at a higher N level. Grain yield was significantly enhanced at elevated CO₂. The correlation analysis showed that catalase has a strong positive correlation with grain yield. The changes in nonstructural carbohydrates and antioxidant enzyme activities are associated with the altered leaf-spike relationship under N availability at high CO₂ levels, which could be a key factor contributing to variable yield. Differential response of nonstructural carbohydrates and antioxidant enzymes in leaf and spike is responsible for changes in grain yield.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive responses of Alternanthera tenella Colla. to cadmium stress through physiology, elemental allocation and morpho-anatomical modifications","authors":"Firdous Kottakunnu Abdulrahman,&nbsp;Vivek Padmanabhan Jayanthikumari,&nbsp;Neethu Kizhekkepurath,&nbsp;Resmi Mohankumar Saraladevi","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03700-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03700-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Industrialization has accelerated the rate of heavy metal discharge into the environment and among trace metals, cadmium (Cd) gains attention due to its relative mobility from soil to plant and potential toxicity to humans. Phytoremediation is a plant-based, cost-effective approach to remediate the contaminated soil and water, and an attempt has been made in the present study to explore the potential of an invasive plant <i>Alternanthera tenella</i> for Cd removal. The physiological and morpho-anatomical modifications of plant tissues including the elemental allocation pattern and bioaccumulation potential were studied in response to 170 µM of Cd(NO₃)₂. Cd negatively affects the growth parameters, biomass, and photosynthetic efficacy of the plant. Cd treatment influenced the distribution of macro and microelements in the plant and the structural moieties in the biomolecules on the interaction of metal ions. Anatomical modifications included the alterations in the diameter and thickness of cell walls, especially xylem walls, the presence of cell structural distortions and blockage, and fully opened stomata with thick guard cells and depositions. Metabolites like proline, flavonoids, phenol, and malondialdehyde marked a significant increase in stress tolerance. Despite having a relatively low transfer factor (TF), <i>A. tenella</i> exhibits high values of biological concentration factor (BCF) and biological accumulation factor (BAF), suggesting its suitability for phytostabilization of Cd-contaminated environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization and comparative analysis of AtMYB42 and AtMYB85 promoters to gain insights into transcriptional regulation during development and hormonal induction","authors":"Shobha Yadav,&nbsp;Richa Shukla,&nbsp;Ekta Pokhriyal,&nbsp;Sandip Das","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03701-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03701-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study was designed to functionally characterize the promoters associated with <i>At</i>MYB42, <i>At</i>MYB85, and <i>Bju</i>MYB85. These genes are well known to be involved in lignin synthesis via phenylpropanoids, which are crucial for secondary cell wall development. We previously reported the complete absence of homologs of MYB42 from <i>Brassica</i> species. Inspite of their known role in secondary cell wall development, detailed knowledge about <i>cis</i>-element and transcriptional regulation of <i>At</i>MYB42, <i>At</i>MYB85 and <i>BjMYB85</i> (<i>BjuA013029</i>) is lacking. It is therefore crucial investigating the transcriptional regulation of <i>At</i>MYB42, <i>At</i>MYB85, and <i>BjMYB85</i> (<i>BjuA013029</i>), analyze functional and regulatory conservation and divergence and address whether <i>BjMYB85</i> potentially compensates for the absence of <i>MYB42</i> homologs in <i>Brassica</i>. In silico analysis revealed differences in the promoter sequences but shared transcription factor-binding sites and motifs, suggesting a common <i>cis</i>-regulatory pathway. Functional characterization using transcriptional fusion constructs revealed tissue-specific expression patterns not only in the stem, as has been reported earlier, but also in anther walls and siliques where lignin deposition plays an important role in dehiscence. Hormone and stress responsiveness of these promoters were assessed in seedlings. The <i>At</i>MYB42 promoter displayed greater responsiveness to ethylene, cytokinin, and salicylic acid compared to <i>At</i>MYB85 and <i>BjuA013029</i>MYB85. Expression was observed in various tissues, including seedlings, anthers, and silique and leaf midribs. This study provides novel insights into the expression patterns of these promoters, shedding light on their roles in non-stem tissues and contributing to our understanding of secondary cell wall formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sargassum tenerrimum extract reduces Sclerotium rolfsii stem rot disease in peanut by modulating physio-biochemical responses","authors":"Sureshkumar Mesara,&nbsp;Dhanvi D. Akhyani,&nbsp;Parinita Agarwal,&nbsp;Doddabhimappa R. Gangapur,&nbsp;Pradeep K. Agarwal","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03697-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03697-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peanut stem rot disease, caused by the necrotrophic soil-borne fungus <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i>, has a significant negative impact on crop yields. Chemical fungicides can mitigate the loss incurred by fungus, however, their usage raises environmental and human health concern. Seaweeds extracts are getting importance as bio-stimulant for improving growth and disease resistance in different plants. In the present study, we investigated the potential of <i>Sargassum tenerrimum</i> extract (S-extract) in controlling stem rot disease in peanuts. The foliar application of S-extract was applied at vegetative and reproductive stages on peanut plants to study plant growth and reduction of <i>S. rolfsii</i>-induced disease. Plant height, number of branches and branch length increased in S-extract treated plants (S) as compared to S-extract + <i>S. rolfsii</i> treated plants (S + F). Similarly, the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by application of S-extract. Pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids showed higher accumulation in S-extract treated plants. The increased membrane stability index and reduced electrolyte leakage in S and S + F plants, positively affected the health and biotic stress tolerance of the plants. S-extract reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O₂^•− and H₂O₂. Total phenol, soluble sugars and total amino acid accumulation were higher in S and S + F plants compared to C and F at vegetative stage. The mitigation of disease can be attributed to the application of S-extract leading to the elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants, osmolytes, and pigments. Therefore, S-extract represents an environmentally friendly resource that can be employed in sustainable agriculture practices to boost plant growth and enhance disease tolerance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of plant growth regulators on mitigating water deficit stress in young yellow passion fruit plants","authors":"Raul Antonio Araújo do Bonfim,&nbsp;Paulo Araquém Ramos Cairo,&nbsp;Mateus Pires Barbosa,&nbsp;Leandro Dias da Silva,&nbsp;Milton Carriço Sá,&nbsp;Marcos Ferreira Almeida,&nbsp;Leonardo Santos de Oliveira,&nbsp;Sávio da Paz Brito,&nbsp;Fábio Pinto Gomes","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03694-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03694-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water deficit significantly affects the growth and survival of young plants following transplantation. We performed morphophysiological and biochemical analyses on young yellow passion fruit (<i>Passiflora edulis</i> Sims) plants under well-watered and water-deficit irrigation regimes and pre-treated with three plant growth regulators (PGRs) application—an agrochemical composed of auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins; salicylic acid (SA); and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide donor—and a control group with no PGRs. Results showed significant damage by water restriction on biometric attributes; however, the application of PGRs mitigated these effects, reducing growth inhibition processes. In terms of water stress mitigation, differences were observed between PGRs, depending on the morphophysiological or biochemical characteristic. The effectiveness of SNP was higher than the other PGRs in preventing stomatal conductance reduction and maintaining CO₂ assimilation, while the agrochemical was the most effective in preventing photosynthetic pigments content decrease. All PGRs promoted osmoregulation in plants subjected to water deficit, thus helping to preserve cell turgor. Furthermore, PGRs application attenuated oxidative stress, either by increasing antioxidant enzymes activity, or by preventing or decreasing the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, thus preventing lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that the application of PGRs can be a useful strategy to improve young passion fruit plants tolerance to water restriction following transplantation. The multiple beneficial effects do not allow us to indicate the only one most effective PGR; however, a chemical constituents-related principal component analysis suggests that the agrochemical and SA are the most effective PGRs on mitigating water deficit stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined application of biochar and nanoparticles (silicon and boron) effectively reduced the metal toxicity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L)","authors":"Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03696-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03696-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biochar and nanoparticles (NPs) are potential strategies for increasing plant yield and minimizing the negative effects of toxic metals on sweet basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L). The current study aims to reduce the access of toxic elements to the oil extracted from basil plants growing in polluted soils by biochar and NPS of silicon (Si) and boron (B). Sweet basil plants were grown in contaminated soil that contained cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) at concentrations of 58 and 800 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The experiment included two doses of biochar (0 and 1%, w/w) and four foliar combinations of Si and B nanoparticles at the dose of 100 mg L⁻¹ of Si and/or B. Cd and Pb availability were reduced by 44 and 48%, respectively, compared to the control. The soil pH raised significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) as a result of biochar addition. Furthermore, biochar addition at the dose of 1%, (w/w) caused a 14% increase in the soil organic matter. The highest growth parameters of basil plants were obtained from the biochar treatment with Si + B NPs foliar application. The treatment that was amended with biochar and sprayed with Si + B showed the greatest significant values of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) content in basil plants. The chlorophyll content of basil leaves rose along with the synthesis of proline and soluble carbohydrates after the addition of biochar to the polluted soil and Si + B spraying. Biochar minimized Cd in the leaf and oil by 48 and 49%, respectively, compared to the control, while Pb concentrations were reduced by 29 and 49%, respectively. The oil extracted from the basil plants grown in the soil amended with biochar contained 50–52 and 23–26 μg kg⁻¹ of Cd and Pb, respectively. Adding biochar to the contaminated soil increases the oil yield of sweet basil and reduces its content of toxic elements, while spraying the basil plant with silicon and boron nanoparticles increases the plant’s resistance to metal toxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boron nutrition increase soybean seed yield and maintain the quality of germination in storage seeds","authors":"Dágila Melo Rodrigues,&nbsp;Cid Naudi Silva Campos,&nbsp;Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior,&nbsp;Charline Zaratin Alves,&nbsp;Ana Carina da Silva Cândido,&nbsp;Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro,&nbsp;Paulo Eduardo Teodoro,&nbsp;Paulo Carteri Coradi,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique Oliveira de David,&nbsp;Renato de Mello Prado","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03699-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03699-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Boron (B) nutrition can contribute to the conservation of seed quality during storage. Thus, it is crucial to investigate which source and amount of B applied to the soil is most suitable to increase the yield and maintain the quality of germination and carbohydrate content in soybean seeds during 180 days of storage. The cultivar Bonus 8579 Ipro® was evaluated in a field experiment in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with five B doses: 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 kg ha⁻¹, and two sources: boric acid and ulexite, arranged in randomized block design with three replicates. After harvest, the B content and accumulation of B in yield and seed quality were analyzed. Subsequently, the seeds were stored in a cold chamber at 17 °C and controlled relative humidity of 20% for 180 days. Soybean plants responded positively to the boric acid and ulexite with an increase in yield and seed quality up to the doses of 3.17 and 3.36 kg ha⁻¹ of B, respectively. Furthermore, both sources potentiated the carbohydrate content in the seeds over the storage time. Our findings reveal that the application from 3.2 to 4.0 kg ha⁻¹ of B using boric acid maintains high seed germination after 180 days of storage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pb-N complex stress mitigates the physiological damage of a single stress (Pb or N) on bryophytes","authors":"Mingming Wang,&nbsp;Yuxin Xiao,&nbsp;Boyi Song,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhuang","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03686-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03686-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitrogen (N) deposition levels and the frequency of lead (Pb) contamination events are increasing globally. In an effort to improve our understanding of plant responses to these stressors, we investigated moss responses to single and combined Pb and N stress. Three mosses from different habitats (<i>Syntrichia caninervis</i>, <i>Bryum argenteum</i> and <i>Plagiomnium acutum</i>) were studied and simulated Pb/N single and complex stresses were applied to them indoors. The chlorophyll (Chl) content, osmotic adjustment substances content, and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results revealed that the tolerance of the three bryophyte species to Pb or N stress was in the order of <i>P. acutum</i> &gt; <i>B. argenteum</i> &gt; <i>S. caninervis</i>, which was closely related to the conditions of their respective natural habitats. <i>S. caninervis</i> and <i>B. argenteum</i> were stress tolerant for 7 days and <i>P. acutum</i> for 14 days. The bryophytes were tolerant to Pb or N stress after the contents of osmoregulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme activities increased; however, as toxicity accumulated over time, all three species suffered irreversible damage, as indicated by an abrupt decrease in the Chl content and osmoregulatory substances, as well as a sudden drop in antioxidant enzyme activities. Under the combined effects of Pb-N stress, the Chl content, osmoregulatory substance contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly higher in the N-loving <i>P. acutum</i> (N produced significant benefits) than in <i>P. acutum</i> exposed to Pb stress alone. This phenomenon is likely because Pb and N have antagonistic effects on the growth of <i>P. acutum</i>; thus, their recombination generates a counter-balancing effect. In the N-sensitive species, <i>S. caninervis</i> and <i>B. argenteum</i> (N caused obvious toxicity), the indicators were slightly better than under N tress alone (indicated by the reduction of membrane lipid peroxidation and increased osmoregulatory substance contents and enzyme activities), suggesting that there is a certain antagonistic effect exerted by the simultaneous addition of Pb and N. Therefore, the detrimental effects of a single abiotic stress (Pb or N) on bryophytes may be diminished under the combined conditions of N deposition and presence of the heavy metal, Pb.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan/ZnO nanocomposites for improving the growth and reducing the toxicity of Zn in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench plants","authors":"Neelam Rani,&nbsp; Kusum,&nbsp;Vinita Hooda","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03693-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03693-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigates the dual function of chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposites (CS/ZnO NCPs) in enhancing plant growth and mitigating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) toxicity. While ZnO NPs hold promise for agriculture, concerns exist regarding their potential harm to plants and the environment. Incorporating ZnO NPs into a CS matrix to form CS/ZnO NCPs offers a solution. The metal-chelating properties of CS can regulate the release of Zn²⁺ ions from the NPs, reducing their availability to plants and mitigating potential toxicity. In the present work, the effect of ZnO NPs and CS/ZnO NCPs at two different concentrations, i.e., 100 and 200 ppm, has been tested on <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> plants. The ZnO NPs and CS/ZnO NCPs were chemically synthesized and characterized with various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Plants grown in ZnO NPs-treated soil for 30 days exhibited reduced growth, decreased chlorophyll, starch, and cellulose levels as well as nutrient (K, Mg and P) uptake. In addition, these nanoparticles increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots, indicating their phytotoxicity to <i>S. bicolor</i> plants. Conversely, CS/ZnO NCPs application stimulated plant growth, nutrient uptake, chlorophyll and starch contents, while reducing MDA content and superoxide dismutase activity. The CS/ZnO NCPs-treated plants also accumulated 2.5–3.5 times less Zn²⁺ than ZnO NP-treated plants. Results of the study established that utilizing ZnO NPs in the form of CS/ZnO NCPs can maximize the beneficial characteristics of both nanomaterials while simultaneously limiting the toxic effects of ZnO on <i>S. bicolor</i> plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}