Acta Physiologiae Plantarum最新文献

{"title":"Genome analysis, identification, and expression analysis of nitrogen and potassium responsive genes in cassava","authors":"Swathy Sivan,&nbsp;Senthilkumar K. Muthusamy,&nbsp;M. N. Sheela,&nbsp;K. Arya,&nbsp;B. S. Revathi,&nbsp;P. V. Abhilash,&nbsp;R. S. Neethu,&nbsp;A. Pooja,&nbsp;B. S. Prakash Krishnan","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03783-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03783-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cassava is an important staple food for millions, but its growth is often hindered by poor soil quality and limited access to fertilizers. Efficient utilization of nutrients is essential to maximize the yield and nutritional value of cassava while minimizing resource use and environmental adverse impacts. Thus, identification of nutrient-responsive genotypes as well as genes that govern/regulate nutrient use efficiency is highly imperative to breed nutrient-efficient genotypes to enhance the productivity and resilience of cassava. In this study, we studied the performance of thirty genetically diverse cassava genotypes in the field with low availability of nitrogen (N) and insufficient exchangeable potassium (K) and identified two high N responsive genotypes, 17S36 and 15S409; two low N responsive genotypes, Kumkumrose and Export kappa; two high K responsive genotypes, Ambakkadan and Karutha malabar and two low K responsive genotypes, 17S143 and 16-5. Also, genome-wide analysis resulted in the identification of 39 N-responsive and 22 K-responsive candidate genes with diverse functional groups, including transporter, transcription factors, transferase, kinase, and permease in cassava. Meta-analysis of RNA-seq datasets of 11 cassava tissues revealed constitutive and tissue-specific expression of N-responsive and K-responsive genes. Five N responsive genes <i>MeNRT1, MeNRT3, MeNLP1, MeGPT2</i> and <i>MeTAR2</i>, displayed enhanced expression in the high N efficient genotypes, 17S36 and 15S409 in comparison with the low N responsive genotypes, Kumkumrose and Export kappa, whereas three K responsive genes, viz., <i>MeKUP3, MeKUP4,</i> and <i>MeKUP8,</i> displayed enhanced expression in the high K efficient genotypes, Ambakkadan and Karutha malabar in comparison with the low K responsive genotypes, 17S143 and 16-5 under nutrient-deprived conditions. Allele mining analysis showed the presence of allelic variations in <i>NRT3,</i> whereas no sequence differences at the allelic level were observed for the <i>AMT1</i> gene among the genotypes 15S409 and Export Kappa. Thus, our comprehensive analysis unravels the genetic complexity of N responsive and K responsive genes in cassava and provides the basis for the selection of genotypes and candidate genes for further functional analysis and breeding for the development of N responsive and K responsive genotypes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen availability affects the ecophysiological responses of amur linden and white birch to CO2 and temperature","authors":"Jinping Zheng,&nbsp;Gerong Wang,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Qing-Lai Dang","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03791-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03791-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change, e.g., elevated CO₂, warmer temperature, and nitrogen (N) deposition, can have substantial effects on tree physiology and growth. This study explored the effects of future CO₂ and temperature (fCT, representative of future climate conditions) on the growth and photosynthetic traits of amur linden and white birch seedlings under different N availability. The results showed that fCT significantly increased the total seedling biomass and total seedling leaf area of amur linden and white birch synergistically with increasing nitrogen supply. However, the specific leaf area (leaf area to leaf mass ratio) of amur linden was significantly reduced by the two treatments. Increases in N availability alleviated the photosynthetic downregulation associated with fCT as indicated by the photosynthetic capacity parameters of <i>V</i>_<i>cmax</i> and <i>J</i>_<i>max</i>. Our results indicate that the primary limitation of photosynthesis under fCT in the two species will likely shift from Rubisco carboxylation to RuBP regeneration. However, the rate of photosynthesis was significantly higher under the fCT than control conditions in amur linden but was not significantly different between the two treatment conditions in white birch, indicating that the photosynthetic downregulation completely offset the positive effect of increased CO₂ on photosynthesis in white birch. Our results suggest that the relative performance and competitiveness of the two species may be very different in future, and more detailed studies are warranted on the responses of the two species to climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11738-025-03791-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt stress alleviation in peanut through calcium supplementation","authors":"Anchal Singh,&nbsp;Sushmita Singh,&nbsp;Kiran K. Reddy,&nbsp;Anuj K. Singh,&nbsp;Kamal Krishna Pal,&nbsp;Rinku Dey,&nbsp;Eugenia P. Lal","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03793-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03793-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peanut, being moderately salt sensitive, requires efficient management strategies to endure salt stress. A pot experiment was envisaged to evaluate the effect of exogenous calcium chloride (CaCl₂) on the underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms in peanut during salinity stress. Salinity-induced membrane destabilization significantly increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide) accumulation with susceptible cultivars (TG 37A and GJG 31) experiencing greater oxidative stress. There was a significant reduction in leaf stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate (P_<i>N</i>), concomitant with the decrease in shoot and root potassium (K⁺) and shoot calcium (Ca²⁺) concentrations due to greater accumulation of sodium (Na⁺). The salt stress alleviating potential of calcium was exhibited by a significant increase in shoot K⁺/ Na⁺ ratio along with elevated Ca²⁺ concentrations, which aided in restricting Na⁺ accumulation in roots and shoots of calcium-treated, salt-stressed cultivars. This ionic homeostasis was accompanied with a significant increase in membrane stability index with reduced TBARS and H₂O₂ accumulation, ROS detoxification through elevated total antioxidant activity and increased osmoregulatory compounds such as proline, total phenols and soluble sugars in calcium-treated salt-stressed plants compared to control. The improved pigment retention, stomatal conductance and ionic balance contributed to a significant increase in P_<i>N</i>, which was also reflected in the improved yield attributes of the peanut cultivars. Thus, the foliar application of CaCl₂ offers a promising approach to alleviate the adverse impact of salt stress in peanut, particularly at 4 dSm⁻¹, which otherwise imposes severe yield losses in the crop.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous application of melatonin and jasmonic acid protects the sugar beet from heat stress by modulating the enzymatic antioxidants deference mechanism and accumulation of organic osmolytes","authors":"Muhammad Irfan,&nbsp;Ahmed Abou El-Yazied,&nbsp;Muhammad Sheeraz,&nbsp;Shabir Hussain,&nbsp;Abdul Sattar,&nbsp;Qasim Ali,&nbsp;Hany G. Abd El-Gawad,&nbsp;Fahad Mohammed Alzuaibr,&nbsp;Maha Mohammed Alharbi,&nbsp;Siham M. Al-Balawi,&nbsp;Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish,&nbsp;Eldessoky S. Dessoky,&nbsp;Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03784-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03784-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heat stress reduces the growth and productivity of agronomic crops and considered as main hazard for sustainable farming. Melatonin and jasmonic acid play an essential role in mitigating the adversities of abiotic stresses. Therefore; current experiment was performed to assess the potential of sole and collective application of melatonin and jasmonic acid to mitigate the adversities of high temperature on sugar beet. Experimental treatments consisted of control (Ck), water spray, melatonin (150 µM), jasmonic acid (150 µM) and melatonin (150 µM) + jasmonic acid (150 µM) applied on sugar beet plants grown under two temperature levels; normal condition and heat stress (inside sheet). Results indicated that high temperature remarkably decreased leaf chlorophyll pigments, and relative water contents while increased electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), activities of antioxidant enzymes, and concentration of organic osmolytes in sugar beet leaves. However; separate and collective application of melatonin and jasmonic acid alleviate negative impact of high temperature by improving photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes and concentration of osmolytes in the leaves of sugar beet. Application of melatonin + jasmonic acid enhanced the activities of antioxidants which reduced the harmful impact of ROS. Moreover; foliar application of melatonin + jasmonic acid considerably increased the root yield and yield attributes and sugar recovery in heat stress condition. It was concluded that combined application of melatonin + jasmonic alleviate the adversities of heat stress by enhancing the leaves chlorophyll contents, gas exchange attributes, osmo-protectants, activities of enzymatic antioxidants. Finding of the study revealed that collective applied melatonin + jasmonic acid found to be useful techniques for cultivation of sugar beet at high temperature stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring dynamics in ear-leaf physiology during maize grain filling: genotype and nitrogen impact on source–sink relations and yield","authors":"Sammy Abo-Hamed,&nbsp;Eman M. Elghareeb,&nbsp;Omar El-Shahaby,&nbsp;Farag Ibraheem","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03775-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03775-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During maize grain filling, effective coordination between a high source capacity and a robust sink significantly enhances yield. These source–sink relationships are primarily influenced by genotype and nitrogen availability, and achieving a balance between them has been a challenge in modern maize hybrids. In this study, three maize hybrids (B73 × Mo17, B73 × Sids7, and B73 × NC358), sharing B73 as the female parent, were produced, field-grown, and maintained till maturity under limited and sufficient soil nitrogen. The impact of the developing reproductive sink on growth, yield, and dynamic changes in ear-leaf physiology was monitored at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days after pollination. Under limited and adequate N conditions, B73 × NC358 outperformed B73 × Mo17 and B73 × Sids7 in yield and most tested traits. The enhanced yield in B73 × NC358 was associated with increased sink-strength traits and improved source capacity-related morpho- physiological characteristics. As grain filling progressed, B73 × NC358 consistently demonstrated higher biomass accumulation, leaf nitrogen, stover nitrogen, chlorophyll content, total soluble proteins, and elevated activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) compared to the other hybrids. Nitrogen limitation curtails grain yield, growth, and leaf metabolites; however, it induces starch accumulation and increased protease and asparaginase (ASNase) activities in all hybrids. Our findings suggest that B73 × NC358 optimizes leaf nitrogen and balances source capacity and sink strength to enhance biomass, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and grain yield. The alleles from B73 and NC358 interact effectively to support a stay-green-like phenotype, promoting growth and grain yield across nitrogen conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11738-025-03775-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt tolerance mechanisms in five Asteraceae species: seed germination and seedling growth, cellular damage, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants","authors":"Mehdi Ghiasy-Oskoee,&nbsp;Majid AghaAlikhani","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03785-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03785-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exploring the saline-adapted species and the mechanisms by which they have evolved in saline conditions would be a feasible way to utilize saline soils. Based on this approach, this study aimed to evaluate the seed germination and seedling responses of the five abundant Asteraceae species to salinity stress and determine the antioxidant and non-antioxidant defense strategies by which these species demonstrated variations in salinity tolerance. Milk thistle (<i>Silybum marianum</i>), blessed thistle (<i>Cnicus benedictus</i>), pot marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i>), safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i>), and cardoon (<i>Cynara cardunculus</i>) were subjected to 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 Mm NaCl concentrations. <i>Calendula officinalis</i> (CO) showed the highest, <i>Silybum marianum</i> (SM) and <i>Cnicus benedictus</i> (CB) moderate, and <i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> (CT) followed by <i>Cynara cardunculus</i> (CC) the least inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth at all given salinity levels. Each species utilized different antioxidant mechanisms in response to salinity. Peroxidase (POX) was the major antioxidative enzyme in resistance species, CT and CC, while catalase and superoxide dismutase were more pronounced in moderate, SM and CB, and susceptible, CO, species, respectively. Besides, all species accumulate a considerable amount of proline in response to salinity, which was more evident in the 150 and 200 Mm NaCl concentrations. From the results, it can be concluded that CT and CC had superior saline-tolerance capacity compared to other species due to their longer seedling roots, higher POX activity, and proline accumulation associated with reduced cellular damage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization, expression and interactive proteins analysis of BjuB022815 in B. juncea","authors":"Jing Zeng,&nbsp;Li Feng,&nbsp;Shiyan Liu,&nbsp;Yating Liang,&nbsp;Lixia Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03760-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03760-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Brassica juncea</i> is a vegetative vegetable, and its yield and quality can be significantly affected by flowering time. In this study, BjuB022815 with other 33 <i>RLKs</i> gene were further divided into 5 subfamilies, most of which contained protein kinase C-like (PKc-like), Malectin-like and STkc-IRAK domains. <i>BjuB022815</i>, which was significantly upregulated at the reproductive stage, was chosen for further study. To explore the interactions of these proteins, Y2HGold assays were conducted with BjuB022815 as bait and four proteins as preys. Y2H and BiFC (Bimolecular florescence) assays confirmed that BjuB022815 interacted with BjuA018253 and BjuVA09G13910. qRT-PCR revealed that <i>BjuB022815</i> was significantly upregulated in flower buds and flowers. At the developmental stage, <i>BjuB022815</i> and <i>BjuA018253</i> were significantly upregulated in the bolting stage, while <i>BjuVA09G13910</i> was downregulated in the reproductive stages. Subcellular assays revealed that BjuB022815, BjuA018253 and BjuVA09G13910 were located in the nucleus. Based on these results, it speculated that BjuB022815 and BjuA018253 interact in the nucleus and function in flowering time regulation in <i>B. juncea</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11738-024-03760-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous ascorbic acid mitigates salt‐induced damage in soybean by modulating photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, and ionic homeostasis","authors":"Gabriela Eugenia Ajila-Celi,&nbsp;Luis Felipe Lata-Tenesaca,&nbsp;Kolima Peña Calzada,&nbsp;Rita de Cassia Alves,&nbsp;Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz,&nbsp;José Sidnaldo Pinzetta Junior,&nbsp;Willians César Carrega,&nbsp;Priscila Lupino Gratão","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03770-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03770-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ascorbic acid (AsA) is one of the most abundant antioxidants, and can modulate several functions in plants under abiotic stress conditions. However, little is known about the mechanism of limiting harmful effects of salt stress through different exogenous AsA application methods. This study evaluated the effect of AsA application via a nutrient solution, foliar spray, and a combination there of on the adverse effects of salt stress in soybean plants. Two experiments using a 4 × 2 factorial scheme under a randomized block design included a salt-tolerant (M 8372) and salt-sensitive (M-Soy 8222) soybean cultivar. The plants of both cultivars were subjected to 0 and 100 mmol L⁻¹ of NaCl and 0.85 mmol L⁻¹ and 100 mmol L⁻¹ of AsA via the root and leaves. Salt stress reduced the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and photosynthetic rate and increased Na⁺ accumulation and lipid peroxidation in both cultivars. However, AsA application via the roots and leaves in M 8372 and leaves in M-Soy 8222 limited the adverse effects of salt stress by increasing the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX, EC 1.11.1.7), as well as proline and endogenous AsA levels, thereby reducing Na⁺ accumulation in the tissues. In addition, AsA limited damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, as evidenced by the increased photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic rate, promoting plant growth. These results provide a new perspective on AsA delivery methods in soybean development under salt stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution of mRNA transcripts of chitinases class VII and beta-1,3-glucanases class II in flax zygotic and somatic embryo development","authors":"Beáta Petrovská,&nbsp;Jana Libantová,&nbsp;Terézia Salaj,&nbsp;Ildikó Matušíková,&nbsp;Veronika Mikitová,&nbsp;Katarína Klubicová,&nbsp;Ján Salaj","doi":"10.1007/s11738-025-03772-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-025-03772-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>The accumulation of mRNA transcripts of chitinases class VII and beta-1,3-glucanases class II decreases as embryo development progresses. In later stages, it occurs mainly in actively proliferating meristems.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Besides being considered pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases are involved in many physiological and developmental processes. In this study, we investigated the potential role of specific β-1,3-glucanases class II and chitinases class VII in zygotic and somatic embryogenesis using in situ hybridization (ISH). The ISH experiments revealed that the mRNA transcripts of <i>LuChitVII</i> and <i>LuGlucII,</i> along with closely related chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases, accumulated during zygotic embryo development. In the earlier stages of embryo development, both probes showed uniform and relatively strong hybridization signals throughout the embryo. However, as development progressed, the signal intensity decreased. In the cotyledonary stage, the studied mRNA transcripts were more abundant in the meristems, with predominant accumulation in the basal part of the embryo. These structures are known for their high proliferation rates, suggesting the involvement of chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases in cell division. A similar expression pattern of both hydrolases was observed during somatic embryo development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11738-025-03772-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraisal of the physio-biochemical efficacy of exogenously applied natural and synthetic sources of plant growth stimulants in modulating drought stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Abrar Ahmad,&nbsp;Nudrat Aisha Akram,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03758-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03758-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytoextracts as a cheap source of growth promoters as well as synthetic chemicals are being widely used these days to treat plants subjected to stress conditions. To compare the effects of natural growth regulators and synthetic ones, a pot experiment was conducted using natural [moringa leaf extract (MLE)] and synthetic (vitamins B₁ and B₂) sources to appraise the mitigating of drought-induced adverse effects on maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) plants. Seeds of both differentials stress tolerant maize cultivars (YH-1898 and Sahiwal Gold) were primed with natural (MLE), synthetic (thiamin and riboflavin), and their combination (MLE, thiamin, and riboflavin) and subjected to 100% field capacity [F.C. (control)] and 60% F.C. (drought) conditions. Drought stress (60% F.C.) significantly decreased plant biomass and total soluble proteins (TSP), whereas no significant alteration was observed in chlorophyll contents. However, in contrast, it improved glycine betaine (GB), proline, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolics, and ascorbic acid as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) enzymes in both maize cultivars. Priming seeds with different sources enhanced growth attributes, chlorophyll pigments, osmolyte concentration, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, and the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), but it reduced the accumulation of H₂O₂ and MDA. Overall, a natural source, MLE as a plant growth regulator, remarkably reduced the adverse effects of drought stress and enhanced the growth of maize cultivars, whereas riboflavin among the synthetic PGRs was more effective in upregulating the oxidative defense and osmoprotectant accumulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}