Muhammad Farooq, Rafiq Ahmad, Muhammad Shahzad, Khalid Ahmad, Yasar Sajjad, Amjad Hassan, Abdul Nazir, Mohammad Maroof Shah, Bibi Kalsoom, Sabaz Ali Khan
{"title":"Evaluation of morphological and biochemical variations in peas under two widespread abiotic stresses","authors":"Muhammad Farooq, Rafiq Ahmad, Muhammad Shahzad, Khalid Ahmad, Yasar Sajjad, Amjad Hassan, Abdul Nazir, Mohammad Maroof Shah, Bibi Kalsoom, Sabaz Ali Khan","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03740-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03740-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pea is the third most widely grown leguminous vegetable crop globally. The crop is fairly easy to grow but is salt and drought-sensitive, limiting its yield. This study aimed to explore the morphological and biochemical responses of peas under salt stress and water-deficit stress. Three pea varieties (Climax, Green grass, Meteor) were subjected to different levels [5.4 mM (Control), 50 mM, 75 mM, and 100 mM of NaCl] of salt stress. The water-deficit stress was administered by watering 100%, 75%, and 50% of field capacity. Morphological parameters showed a significant reduction under salt and water-deficit stresses in all three varieties. The highest relative water content under various levels of both stresses was 38.3% which was significantly lower than the control treatment. Chlorophyll content index (CCI) declined significantly in all three varieties, however, Climax exhibited a noteworthy CCI of 43.7 at 100 mM salt treatment, significantly higher than Green grass (25.9 CCI) and Meteor (35.9 CCI) at the same treatment. Significant accumulation of proline content was observed under both stresses, where 100 g of fresh weight of Climax showed proline content as 0.043 mg against 100 mM salt and 0.040 mg against 50% water-deficit treatments. Similar trends were recorded for water-deficit stress, indicating a shared response to both stress types. These findings provide insights into the effects of salt and water-deficit stress on pea crops, specifically focusing on the role of proline. The insights gained may aid in developing strategies to mitigate these stresses for enhanced pea crop productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Allelopathic effect of pyrogallol on the seed germination of Lolium perenne","authors":"Huitong Sang, Xia Zhang, Hongyan Hao, Haiyun Li","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03744-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03744-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many phenolics are known to possess allelopathic activity, but the allelopathic effect of pyrogallol has not been previously reported. Here, the present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of commercially obtained pyrogallol at different concentrations on the seed germination and seedling growth of <i>L. perenne</i>. The results showed that (1) Pyrogallol treatment inhibited <i>L. perenne</i> seed germination, as evidenced by a decrease in the final germination rate and a delay in germination peaks. (2) Pyrogallol treatment reduced <i>L. perenne</i> plumule length, radicle length, fine root length, and fine root surface area, higher pyrogallol concentrations reduced the proportion of fine roots. (3) Higher concentrations (2.00 g/L) of pyrogallol resulted in decreased protein content and increased membrane lipid peroxidation. (4) Spraying pyrogallol inhibited the growth of <i>L. perenne</i> seedlings, as manifested by a decrease in plant height and biomass. Overall, our findings indicate that pyrogallol is one of the allelochemicals present in aqueous extracts of <i>K. integrifoliola</i> leaves that inhibits the seed germination and seedling growth of <i>L. perenne</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhananjay A. Hongal, A. D. Munshi, Akshay Talukdar, Anjan Das, N. Pradeepkumara, M. Karthik Kumar, Jyoti Kumari, Viswanathan Chinnusamy, J. K. Ranjan, T. K. Behera, S. S. Dey
{"title":"Role of important physiological traits and development of heat tolerance index in a large set of diverse cucumber germplasm","authors":"Dhananjay A. Hongal, A. D. Munshi, Akshay Talukdar, Anjan Das, N. Pradeepkumara, M. Karthik Kumar, Jyoti Kumari, Viswanathan Chinnusamy, J. K. Ranjan, T. K. Behera, S. S. Dey","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03739-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03739-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cucumber is an important vegetable crop that suffers from significant yield loss because of sub-optimal temperatures during the growing season. High temperature affects the plant's health and reduces the quality and quantity of the final harvest. Huge diversity in terms of different economically important traits, including wide temperature adaptation, is recorded in indigenous cucumber germplasm because of its Indian origin. It is necessary to identify the key traits and genotypes with the contrasting response from a large set of germplasm associated with heat stress response for understanding the physio-biochemical and molecular network associated with heat tolerance. A set of 123 germplasm was evaluated in a growth chamber with temperature stress treatment (40 °C/35 °C) for two subsequent seasons. Besides, 10 selected genotypes based on their response in the seedling stage were grown under natural field conditions with high temperatures to validate the physio-biochemical response in the seedling stage and yield parameters in the reproductive stage. Among the different parameters, slow degradation of chlorophyll, higher anti-oxidant enzyme activity, higher membrane stability index, and higher canopy temperature depression were identified as key traits explaining the heat stress response in cucumbers. Besides, the photosynthetic activities of the tolerant genotypes at the reproductive stage were also higher under field conditions, resulting in higher economic yield. Heat tolerance index was developed for 123 genotypes for seven physiological traits recorded in the present study. The optimised screening technique in the seedling stage and their validation for yield response under natural field facilitated the evaluation of a large number of genotypes for use in breeding for heat stress tolerance in cucumbers. Besides, the identified germplasm, WBC-13, DGC-103 and DARL-106 with effective heat stress tolerance will be instrumental in understanding the molecular basis of heat tolerance and designing climate-smart cucumber cultivars.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João Paulo Alves de Barros, Milton Costa Lima Neto, Nielson Dinivan da Silva Brito, Pedro José Herminio, Hugo Rafael Bentzen Santos, Adriano do Nascimento Simões, Vitor Gomes Nunes, André Luiz Alves de Lima, Eduardo Soares de Souza, Sérgio Luiz Ferreira-Silva
{"title":"The C3-CAM shift is crucial to the maintenance of the photosynthetic apparatus integrity in Pereskia aculeata under prolonged and severe drought","authors":"João Paulo Alves de Barros, Milton Costa Lima Neto, Nielson Dinivan da Silva Brito, Pedro José Herminio, Hugo Rafael Bentzen Santos, Adriano do Nascimento Simões, Vitor Gomes Nunes, André Luiz Alves de Lima, Eduardo Soares de Souza, Sérgio Luiz Ferreira-Silva","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03738-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03738-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aimed to evaluate how the C3-CAM shift could contribute to photoprotection and attenuate losses of CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in <i>Pereskia aculeata</i> plants under water stress. Plants were subjected to treatments: well-watered (WW), water deficit (WD), and recovery (Rec) in two experimental conditions (greenhouse and growth chamber). Induction of the C3-CAM shift by drought was assessed by leaf acidification, carbohydrate content, photochemical activity, gas exchange, and stomata density and closure during diurnal and nocturnal periods. Leaf acidity was reduced during the night period in WW-plants and increased in WD-plants, suggesting active accumulation of organic acids associated with CAM induction by drought. This apparent CAM induction in WD-plants was associated to increase carbohydrates and significant reduction of leaf water potential (Ψ<sub>W</sub>). WD-plants showed a positive carbon balance associated with a higher net-CO<sub>2</sub> uptake (P<sub>N</sub>) during night period compared to WW-plants. Moreover, WW-plants presented negative values for P<sub>N</sub> associated with a negative carbon balance at night. In both conditions (WW and WD) plants showed P<sub>N</sub> near zero at night. However, a positive carbon balance associated with a slight stomatal aperture at during the day and strong closure during night in the WD-plants, suggests that C3-CAM shift, able to maintain CO<sub>2</sub> uptake, presented a better trend toward the CAM-cycling model. Together, this study shows that CO<sub>2</sub> uptake conferred by C3-CAM shift under drought contributed to photoprotection and better photosynthetic recovery after rehydration of <i>Pereskia aculeata</i> plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damla Kızılkaya, Emre İlhan, Murat Aydın, Ayşe Gül Kasapoğlu, Esma Yiğider, Aras Türkoğlu, Adem Güneş, Kamil Haliloğlu
{"title":"Investigation of biochemical and molecular changes in wheat genotypes under alkaline salt stress","authors":"Damla Kızılkaya, Emre İlhan, Murat Aydın, Ayşe Gül Kasapoğlu, Esma Yiğider, Aras Türkoğlu, Adem Güneş, Kamil Haliloğlu","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03742-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03742-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wheat, a glycophyte plant that is the main staple food for the majority of the world’s population, is considerably sensitive to salinity and alkalinity stress. The goal of this study was to investigate antioxidant enzyme activity and elemental analyses to determine the response of three wheat genotypes to alkaline stress during the early development period as well as to examine DNA damage caused by alkaline stress using the inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) molecular markers. The results demonstrated that NaHCO<sub>3</sub> treatments affected the amount and ratio of Na and K in all genotypes’ roots and leaves. Furthermore, NaHCO<sub>3</sub> treatment had a significant impact on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> contents and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of genotypes which exhibited varying abilities to reduce reactive oxygen species-induced damage and stress severity affected enzymatic antioxidant systems (SOD, CAT, and POD activities). The ISSR results revealed that genomic template stability rates decreased in response to alkaline stress. Overall, the data revealed significant genotype by alkaline salt exposure interaction, indicating that genetic response to alkaline salt stress may be different with respect to cultivars. In our study, cv. Çetinel 2000 had more enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity compared to cv. Aytin-98 and Tir genotypes under concentrations NaHCO<sub>3</sub> concentration, while latter two genotypes varied responses under the different concentrations. Our research also showed that genetic variability does exist in wheat for alkaline salt tolerant/resistant genes, further research using transcriptomic techniques is required to establish the gene expression profiles of wheat genotypes under such stress conditions to assess the genetic information about the related genes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seed germination ecophysiology and conservation of three endemic Arabis species (Brassicaceae) of Cyprus","authors":"Marios Andreou, Emily Panayiotou, Demetra Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, Costas Kadis, Kyriacos Georghiou","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03735-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03735-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents data on the seed germination ecophysiology of three Arabis species endemic to Cyprus: <i>Arabis cypria, Arabis kennedyae</i> and <i>Arabis purpurea</i>. Final seed germination in the dark, as a function of temperature, presented different responses among species and among seed lots of the same species. Different degrees of seed dormancy were also identified among different seed lots. In all cases, maximum final germination was achieved between 10–20 °C. Red light irradiation is the most efficient treatment for dormancy breakage in all three species, which implies phytochrome control of seed germination. As a result, seed germination in nature is expected to take place on the soil surface and not under canopy cover. The small seed size, the light requirement for germination and the variable germination patterns among different seed lots of the three studied species imply the formation of soil seed banks, perhaps as an essential part of their survival strategy. The value of the data presented in this paper is discussed in relation to the ex-situ conservation of the studied species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seed priming with strigolactone GR24 develops tolerance toward salinity in ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) by improving mineral nutrient contents and yield","authors":"Nazoora Mujahid, Muhammad Shahbaz","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03717-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03717-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil salinization limits the crop yield. Strigolactone GR24 is a plant growth regulator regulating environmental responses and enables the plant to tolerate stress by modulating morphology and physiology. Ajwain is a medicinal crop as well as a seed spice. The current experiment was designed to inspect the possible potential of GR24 as seed priming in mitigating the disastrous consequences of salinity in ajwain. Two ajwain populations, one from University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and the other from Peshawar were used for this study. Pre-sowing seed treatments (0, water-soaked, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/L GR24) were given for 3 h. Salt stress at 100 mM NaCl was applied after 77 days of seed sowing. Salt stress reduced the yield and disturbed the distribution of ions in ajwain plants. The GR24 seed priming inhibited shoot Na<sup>+</sup> uptake (33.81%), increased Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake and use efficiency (71.41%, 37.24%), K<sup>+</sup> uptake and use efficiency (72.13%, 31.25%) and yield parameters including umbels/plant (31.22%), total seed weight (165%), and total number of seeds per plant (16.45%). Faisalabad population exhibited more umbels per plant and 1000 seed weight while Peshawar population accumulated less shoot Na<sup>+</sup>. Of different levels used for seed soaking, GR24 at 0.1 mg/L more effectively enabled the plant to adjust with elevated salt levels in the soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdolkarim Zarei, Orang Khademi, Javad Erfani-Moghadam
{"title":"Differential effects of environmental conditions on the commercially important attributes and postharvest quality of pomegranate fruit","authors":"Abdolkarim Zarei, Orang Khademi, Javad Erfani-Moghadam","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03724-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03724-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the effects of varying climate conditions on the commercial production and shelf life of pomegranate, the main qualitative characteristics of fruit were compared in two pomegranate cultivars in their traditional habitats and a new location. Our results revealed that most fruit traits were influenced by growing zones. Specifically, the content of anthocyanin, red color (a*) in aril and fruit peel, as well as titratable acidity in both cultivars were significantly decreased. In contrast, the antioxidant content experienced a more moderate reduction in the new climate condition. On the other hand, the fruits grown in the new climate condition had substantially higher maturity index and hardness, as well as L* and b* indices. However, the two cultivars responded differently to traits such as 100 arils fresh weight and total soluble solids. The mineral content of fruit was also affected by growing conditions; specifically the Ca level of fruits experienced a significant increment in the new climate. The new climate condition improved the postharvest quality of fruits, and substantially lower electrolyte leakage and chilling damages were detected in this region. In general, the fruits produced from the new warmer climate condition were superior to those obtained in their moderate traditional habitats owing to their long-term cold storage, taste index, and nutrients. These results enhance our knowledge regarding the expression of fruit traits in connection with the environment and they can be beneficial for making sound-planting decisions and crop-improvement programs with the aim of improving the quality and postharvest life of fruit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact analysis of ethylene antagonists, storage environments and storage periods on postharvest physiology of ‘Cripps Pink’ apple fruit","authors":"Vijay Yadav Tokala, Eben Afrifa-Yamoah, Zora Singh","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03729-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03729-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ethylene management and manipulating storage conditions are crucial elements that impact the postharvest quality of apple fruit. This study demonstrated the optimal approach for preserving the quality of ‘Cripps Pink’ apple fruit during storage by minimizing ethylene production and action, respiration rate, physiological loss of weight (PLW), and textural changes. Ethylene antagonist treatment had the greatest impact on suppressing ethylene and respiration peaks, while storage duration notably influenced fruit firmness and PLW. Fumigation treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP), 1<i>H</i>-cyclopropabenzene (BC), and 1<i>H</i>-cyclopropa[<i>b</i>]naphthalene (NC) effectively reduced ethylene and respiration peaks. Storage conditions (cold, controlled atmosphere, and photocatalytic oxidation) affected ethylene production and respiration, with ozonized storage showing higher rates. Prolonged storage led to increased PLW, ethylene production, and decreased fruit firmness. The most effective treatment combination for ethylene action antagonism and maintaining fruit quality was MCP treatment in ozonized cold storage for 120 d.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11738-024-03729-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazish Aijaz, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Akhtar Hameed, Hafiz M. Usman Aslam, Muhammad Waqar Alam, Hasan Riaz, Jayanthi Barasarathi, Saltanat Aghayeva, Rani Bibi, Muhammad Waheed Riaz, Hafiz Haider Ali, Salim Manoharadas, Muhammad Aamir Manzoor, Shamsur Rehman
{"title":"Improving salinity tolerance in wheat plants via inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis for enhanced biomass, growth and physiological process","authors":"Nazish Aijaz, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Akhtar Hameed, Hafiz M. Usman Aslam, Muhammad Waqar Alam, Hasan Riaz, Jayanthi Barasarathi, Saltanat Aghayeva, Rani Bibi, Muhammad Waheed Riaz, Hafiz Haider Ali, Salim Manoharadas, Muhammad Aamir Manzoor, Shamsur Rehman","doi":"10.1007/s11738-024-03727-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11738-024-03727-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study seeks to contribute novel insights into the efficacy of rhizobacteria, simultaneous <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> inoculation as a means to not only mitigate the detrimental impacts of salt stress but also to potentially achieve superior results in terms of wheat biomass production. The experimental design involved a pot experiment where wheat plants were subjected to nine treatments {T<sub>0</sub> = Control [No seed inoculation with any bacterial strain + Non-saline soil (2.16 dS/m)], T<sub>1</sub> = Saline soil (6.0 dS/m), T<sub>2</sub> = Saline soil + <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i>, T<sub>3</sub> = Saline soil + <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, T<sub>4</sub> = Saline soil + <i>A. brasilense</i> + <i>B. subtilis</i>, T<sub>5</sub> = Highly saline (10 dS/m), T<sub>6</sub> = Highly saline + <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i>, T<sub>7</sub> = Highly saline + <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, T<sub>8</sub> = Highly saline + <i>A. brasilense</i> + <i>B. subtilis</i>}. <i>A. brasilense</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> individually exhibited positive effects in alleviating the detrimental influence of salt stress but combined application of both rhizobacteria showed superior effectiveness, particularly in saline and highly saline environments. <i>A. brasilense</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> were found to enhance wheat plant growth by fostering improvements in photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and crop growth rate, particularly in stressful conditions. Both rhizobacteria were improved biomass of wheat crop and other growth parameters. This study demonstrated the potential of <i>A. brasilense</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> as beneficial rhizobacteria for enhancing wheat biomass production in the face of salt stress. Combined application of <i>A. brasilense</i> and <i>B. subtilis</i> could be a promising strategy for improving wheat growth under saline soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6973,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physiologiae Plantarum","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}