Acta Cytologica最新文献

{"title":"Immunocytochemistry in Cytology: Myth or Reality.","authors":"Deepali Jain, Lukas Bubendorf","doi":"10.1159/000543867","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543867","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Immunocytochemistry in Cytology: Myth or Reality\": Unraveling the Myth - Immunocytochemistry Applications in Thyroid Lesions.","authors":"Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Ayana Suzuki","doi":"10.1159/000540366","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fine-needle aspiration cytology serves as an important preoperative diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules. Despite its excellent diagnostic accuracy, diagnoses based solely on morphological observation can be challenging. Therefore, various ancillary diagnostic techniques have been applied, including immunocytochemistry (ICC). This review discusses the application and evaluation of ICC in thyroid fine needle aspiration.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Currently, three immunostaining preparation methods are available for cytological materials: liquid-based cytology, cell block, and cell transfer. ICC proves valuable in scenarios such as tumour diagnosis, assessment of differentiation and grading of carcinomas, estimation of primary organs in metastatic carcinomas, and detection of gene abnormalities. However, ICC, while useful, is not as accurate as immunohistochemistry and is more difficult to evaluate.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>If the pitfalls and limitations are understood and effectively navigated, ICC could play a significant role in decreasing the non-diagnostic rate, thus leading to more accurate and valuable diagnoses and reductions in the re-aspiration rate.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Fine-needle aspiration cytology serves as an important preoperative diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules. Despite its excellent diagnostic accuracy, diagnoses based solely on morphological observation can be challenging. Therefore, various ancillary diagnostic techniques have been applied, including immunocytochemistry (ICC). This review discusses the application and evaluation of ICC in thyroid fine needle aspiration.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Currently, three immunostaining preparation methods are available for cytological materials: liquid-based cytology, cell block, and cell transfer. ICC proves valuable in scenarios such as tumour diagnosis, assessment of differentiation and grading of carcinomas, estimation of primary organs in metastatic carcinomas, and detection of gene abnormalities. However, ICC, while useful, is not as accurate as immunohistochemistry and is more difficult to evaluate.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>If the pitfalls and limitations are understood and effectively navigated, ICC could play a significant role in decreasing the non-diagnostic rate, thus leading to more accurate and valuable diagnoses and reductions in the re-aspiration rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141615631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image Quantification Analysis of Cytoplasmic Mucin and Interpretation of Mucin Color in Lobular Endocervical Glandular Hyperplasia.","authors":"Fumikazu Kimura, Kengo Ohshima, Ryo Kanai, Takumi Urata, Takaki Kobayashi, Saori Takeyama, Masahiro Yamaguchi, Shiho Asaka, Keiko Ishii","doi":"10.1159/000543224","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although the widespread use of screening tests and HPV vaccines for squamous cell carcinoma has led to early detection and treatment, effectiveness is limited for cervical adenocarcinoma. Lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) corresponds to gastric metaplasia but is regarded as a pathological condition with subtle morphological abnormalities. LEGH is a benign lesion and a precursor to gastric-type adenocarcinoma. We herein developed an objective and quantitative method by applying an image analysis technique to overcome the difficulties associated with the differential diagnosis of LEGH in uterine cervical cytology. This approach is expected to enable the early detection and accurate diagnosis of LEGH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted signal values for the nucleus and cytoplasm from microscopic images of cytological specimens of normal endocervical (EC) and LEGH cells. These values were then converted into CIELAB and sRGB values to create color distribution maps, and color unmixing techniques were applied to assess the spectral absorbance of each pigment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CIELAB signal values extracted from the nuclear images of LEGH cells exhibited lower values than those of EC cells. Furthermore, based on color distribution maps, the cytoplasm of EC cells exhibited shades from purple to pink, while LEGH cells showed a distribution toward yellow.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals that, compared to EC cells, LEGH cells exhibit lower nuclear signal values and increased nuclear chromatin content. Thus, assessing the relative difference in cytoplasmic color tones between them may become an effective indicator for distinguishing between EC and LEGH cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"131-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Designs in Cytological Research: Impact in Evidence-Based Medicine.","authors":"Kari Syrjänen","doi":"10.1159/000544851","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"107-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and Predictive Immunocytochemistry in Head and Neck Lesions.","authors":"Pietro Tralongo, Federica Policardo, Federica Vegni, Angela Feraco, Belen Padial Urtueta, Qianqian Zhang, Giulia Ferraro, Elena Navarra, Angela Santoro, Antonino Mule, Esther Diana Rossi","doi":"10.1159/000543210","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The application of immunocytochemistry (ICC) as a diagnostic and predictive tool in the workup of head and neck lesions has followed the changes and progresses in the surgical pathology evaluation. The contribution of ICC has shown a significant role in head and neck cytology, demonstrating as its contribution can support the diagnosis of many lesions. Furthermore, its role has been evolving as an important adjuvant tool in targeted therapies. An additional useful role is defined by the recent introduction of ICC markers related to genetic alterations, which has opened the door to the adoption of a surrogate for molecular evaluation also on cytological material.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The current review article analyzes the role of ICC in the field of head and neck cytology, showing that it might represent a valid diagnostic tool in difficult cases. The review will include all the different head and neck lesions, demonstrating how we could rely on organ-specific ICC markers but also on ICC markers able to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The role of ICC represents a valid additional tool in the management of several difficult lesions, especially when morphology alone is not able to make a conclusive diagnosis. The support of ICC is likely to support the morphological findings leading to the definition of the diagnosis and the most appropriate management.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"77-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytological Diagnosis by Fine-Needle Aspiration or Core Biopsy with Touch Preparation for Renal Cystic or Solid Lesions: A Single-Center Clinicopathological Analysis.","authors":"Jiayan Liu, Changwei Yang, Xiaohui Wu, Li Yang, Hong Xu","doi":"10.1159/000543822","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A retrospective study analyzed real-life data from a single-center cohort of renal fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core biopsy (CB) with touch preparation (TP) procedures over an 18-year period and aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the evaluation of cytological diagnostic performance, challenges, and accuracy concerning renal cystic, solid, and mixed cystic-solid lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All percutaneous ultrasound-guided FNA and CT-guided CB with TP performed at our institution from 2006 to 2024 were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 89 renal cytology procedures were performed during the study period. Sixty-two (69.7%) lesions displayed cystic radiological features, 20 (22.5%) lesions presented solid mass, and only 7 (7.8%) lesions exhibited mixed cystic-solid radiological features. Of the procedures performed, seventy-five (84.3%) were ultrasound-guided FNA biopsies, while 14 (15.7%) were CT-guided CB with TP. Of the 62 renal cystic lesions, 54 (87.1%) were simple renal cysts. Twelve (60%) in 20 solid lesions were malignant, mainly involving clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), urothelial carcinoma, and collecting duct carcinoma. Cytological diagnoses of renal mixed cystic-solid lesions mainly involved tuberculosis and clear cell RCC. However, only 22 cases had corresponding histopathological specimens available for comparison. The concordance rate between cytological diagnoses and surgical pathology specimens for cystic, solid, and mixed cystic-solid renal lesions was 100%, 92.3%, and 80%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our series, FNA or CB with TP demonstrates significant diagnostic utility in the evaluation of renal lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology for renal lesions has been enhanced through the application of immunocytochemical staining on cell blocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"210-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Message from the International Academy of Cytology.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000545353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"69 2","pages":"222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspirates Using 2023 Bethesda System.","authors":"Niti Sureka, Charanjeet Ahluwalia, Sana Ahuja, Neha Kawatra Madan, Meetu Agrawal, Sunil Ranga","doi":"10.1159/000544807","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thyroid nodules are common, with about 5% being malignant, necessitating accurate evaluation to avoid unnecessary surgeries. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a crucial diagnostic tool, and the 2023 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) refines FNAC's diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification for thyroid lesions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study reclassified thyroid FNAs performed at a tertiary care centre from January 2023 to June 2024 using the 2023 TBSRTC and compared with available histopathological diagnoses. FNAC slides were reviewed and reclassified according to the 2023 TBSRTC categories by two cytopathologists. Statistical analysis included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 387 patients (female-to-male ratio of 4:1), with 8% non-diagnostic, 61.5% benign, 9% AUS, 7.5% FN, 8% SFM, and 6% malignant cases. Histopathological correlation was available for 190 cases, revealing 126 benign and 64 malignant lesions. Considering NIFTP as benign on histopathology, the ROM for benign, FN, and SFM categories was 10%, 38%, and 69.2%, respectively. The highest sensitivity (88.2%) was achieved when AUS, FN, SFM, and malignant categories were considered positive for malignancy. The highest diagnostic accuracy (85.4%) was observed when SFM and malignant categories were considered positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FNAC, guided by the 2023 TBSRTC, is a reliable diagnostic tool for thyroid lesions, offering high sensitivity and specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"280-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated On-Slide Positive Controls for Immunocytochemistry on Cytology Slides.","authors":"Irena Srebotnik Kirbiš, Ruben Rodrigues Roque, Margareta Strojan Fležar","doi":"10.1159/000540413","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Integrated on-slide positive controls are a standard quality assurance and quality control measure for immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. They ensure identical analytical conditions for the control and patient samples. Our aim was to develop a procedure for preparing integrated on-slide positive controls for immunocytochemistry (ICC) on methanol-fixed cytospins.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Leftover diagnostic cytology samples with sufficient cells and confirmed expression of Calretinin, MOC31, TTF1, and hormone receptors were used as control samples. Cells from the control samples were deposited on the peripheral part of objective slides using standard cytocentrifuge equipment. Cytospins were immediately fixed in methanol for at least 30 min and then covered with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Completely dry and solid PEG was removed from the central part of the objective slides and stored at room temperature. Patient samples were subsequently added to the central part of a PEG-protected slide, with an appropriate positive control placed on the peripheral part, and then fixed in methanol. ICC was performed on the Ventana/Roche automated platform ULTRA, using optimized and validated protocols for TTF1, hormone receptors, and double immunostaining for Calretinin/MOC31. The quality of ICC reactions for both deposits on the same slide and potential cell carryover was evaluated retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the period from October 2021 to December 2023, the majority of integrated positive controls (364/368, 99%) consistently exhibited unequivocally positive reactions for TTF-1 (n = 93), hormone receptors (n = 84), and double staining for Calretinin/MOC31 (n = 191), with easily interpretable ICC reactions on corresponding patient samples. No obvious carryover of cells from the control sample to the patient sample was observed during this period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A novel approach developed for preparing integrated on-slide positive controls for ICC on methanol-fixed cytospins using standard cytocentrifugation is low-cost and can be widely applied in diagnostic cytology laboratories. Simultaneous ICC procedures for the control and patient samples on the same slide ensure identical analytical conditions for both samples, providing the highest level of quality control while reducing costs. Interpreting both ICC reactions on the same slide is time-efficient and convenient.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative Rapid On-Site Evaluation of Lung Tumors: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.","authors":"Konstantinos Christofidis, Alexandros Pergaris, Maria Kalfa, Eirini Klapsinou, Vasiliki Kyriakidou, Zoi Chodrodimou, Kyriaki Savvidou, Maria Terzi, Chrysa Stamou, Dimitrios Mallios, Kosmas Iliadis, Charitini Salla, Panagiota Mikou","doi":"10.1159/000543576","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lung cancer remains a major health challenge, and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has emerged as a valuable tool in lung cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the performance of ROSE in the intraoperative diagnosis of lung cancer and its correlation with the histological findings of frozen sections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted on 414 cases of intraoperative ROSE performed during lung surgeries between 2017 and 2022. Cytological findings were classified according to the World Health Organization Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology and compared with the subsequent histological diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ROSE demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy of 92.2%. The risk of malignancy varied across diagnostic categories, highlighting the value of ROSE in risk stratification. Only 12% of cases with a ROSE diagnosis of malignancy or suspicion of malignancy were discordant with the final histological diagnosis and only as to the specific tumor type.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ROSE is a reliable technique for lung cancer diagnosis, not only during EBUS- or CT-guided FNA but also in the setting of lung surgery, offering high accuracy and risk stratification. It contributes to improved patient management by optimizing procedures, reducing complications, and enhancing specimen quality for further analyses. ROSE is a valuable asset in the modern era of personalized medicine, facilitating tailored treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"183-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}