Acta Cytologica最新文献

{"title":"The Kymi Odyssey Honorary Ceremony and the Future G.N. Papanicolaou Museum: A Personal Appeal for Support, Enrichment, and Visitation.","authors":"Nikolaos Chantziantoniou","doi":"10.1159/000535394","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535394","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138290025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in a Low- and Middle-Income Country.","authors":"Wilhelmina Conradie, Karin Baatjes, Thifhelimbilu Luvhengo, Johannes Buitendag, Rubina Razack, John Davies, Fabio Crabbia, Amir Afrogheh, Jeanne Lübbe","doi":"10.1159/000539153","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The 6 categories of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBSRTC) with associated risk of malignancy (ROM) provide evidence-based clinical management guidelines. This study aimed to determine the ROM and accuracy of FNAB in South Africa (SA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thyroid specimens from 3 pathology laboratories registered between January 2015 and December 2019 were considered for inclusion. ROM was obtained per TBSRTC category by cytohistological correlation and dividing the total number of specimens with malignant histology by the total number of cases operated. Accuracy was calculated based on the Bethesda category and eventual malignant histology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen thousand seven hundred and seventy-three histology and 4,791 cytology cases were identified. Of the 4,791 cytology cases, 931 (19%) underwent surgery. More than a third (333, 35.8%) of cases were confirmed as malignant following histological assessment, with the majority being benign (584, 62.7%). The ROM for the nondiagnostic and benign categories was 24.3% and 20.5%. The highest ROM was for category VI (91.5%), followed by categories V (69.5%), IV (51.9%), and III (38.8%). Thyroid FNAB had a sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 74%, and overall accuracy of 74%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bethesda categories II and IV have a relatively higher ROM in SA compared to findings from other developed countries. The diagnostic accuracy of thyroid FNAB in SA and the high rate of nondiagnostic diagnoses (38%) require further investigation. A national thyroid registry could provide location-specific data to aid the implementation of appropriate local policies and national guidelines for practicing thyroid surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"301-308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pitfalls in Gynecological Cytology: Review of the Common and Less Frequent Entities in Pap Test.","authors":"Danijela Vrdoljak-Mozetič, Snježana Štemberger-Papić, Damjana Verša Ostojić, Roberta Rubeša, Marko Klarić, Senija Eminović","doi":"10.1159/000539637","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pitfalls in Pap test could be defined as false positive, false negative, or underdiagnosed results which can lead to unnecessary diagnostic procedures or delayed and inadequate treatment. It can be a consequence of misinterpretation of certain morphological entities which are described in this paper.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The paper presents an overview of the morphological features and look-alikes of the common sources of pitfalls such as atrophy, repair, intrauterine device change, tubal metaplasia, hyperchromatic crowded groups, and radiation changes. Rare causes of pitfalls such as Arias-Stella changes, pemphigus, tumor diathesis per se, rare types of cervical cancer, including verrucous and papillary squamous cell cancer, gastric type, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma are also described.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The awareness of pitfalls in cervical cytology is important for cytopathologists and clinicians to avoid future errors. Review of Pap tests with erroneous diagnosis is important for quality control in cytology laboratory, and it must be considered an educational- and experience-building procedure. Cytopathologist should not pull back in significant diagnoses, especially in human papillomavirus-negative cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"281-298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Founding Pioneer Cytotechnologists: The Women Who Assisted George N. Papanicolaou, MD, PhD, Develop the Pap Test for Cervical Cancer Prevention.","authors":"Paul A Elgert","doi":"10.1159/000539566","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The earliest cytotechnologists are largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In 1943, the book \"Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer by the Vaginal Smear\" by Papanicolaou and Traut recognized several women who have largely faded from memory. While Mary Papanicolaou and Charlotte Street are familiar names, others like Alberta Kuder and Huldah Boerker, who inadvertently laid the groundwork for the field of cytotechnology, remain obscure. There were also women like Christine Rassias and Adele Reboul who did not receive recognition. Notably, Mrs. Lady Mary G. Papanicolaou, despite her significant contributions both in the lab and at home since 1914, was not acknowledged in her husband's work until the publication of his Atlas in 1954.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>These women set the benchmark for future cytotechnologists, unknowingly shaping the profession as we know it today.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"327-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141178650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000535800","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535800","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imprint Cytology of Tall Cell Carcinoma with Reversed Polarity of the Breast: A Case Report.","authors":"Yoshiki Shinomiya, Yusuke Kouchi, Kiyotaka Onodera, Hiroto Yamamoto, Sakurako Harada-Kagitani, Junta Sakakibara, Takeshi Nagashima, Jun-Ichiro Ikeda, Takashi Kishimoto","doi":"10.1159/000536346","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity (TCCRP) is a rare histologic subtype of breast cancer that was newly categorized in 2020. TCCRP is a relatively novel tumor, and there are no detailed reports about its cellular morphology. We were able to obtain imprint cytological specimens from fresh TCCRP tissue, and we provide our detailed observations.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The patient was a 73-year-old Japanese female with a 15-mm mass in her right breast. After invasive breast carcinoma was diagnosed based on a core needle biopsy, a lumpectomy was performed. The pathological examination revealed TCCRP, and Sanger sequencing detected IDH2 p.R172M hotspot mutation, which is characteristic of TCCRP. Soon after the surgery, the lumpectomy specimen was sliced before fixation for use in a clinical trial, and imprint cytological materials were obtained from the tumor's cut surface. Cytologically, the tumor showed papillary-like cell clusters and isolated cells with moderate cellularity. Neoplastic cell aggregates and clusters with thick vascular cores as the axis or with delicate fibrovascular stroma were observed. Most of the neoplastic cells were cuboidal-to-columnar in shape, with mildly to moderately irregularly shaped blunt nuclei. Some intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions and nuclear grooves were present, resembling the nuclear findings of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The most characteristic finding was the columnar cell clusters with apically located nuclei, giving the impression of reversed polarity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We described cytological findings in TCCRP, a newly classified rare mammary tumor. Most of the characteristic histologic findings were also observed in imprint cytological specimens. Further studies on practical specimens such as fine-needle aspiration are needed for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Primary Poorly Differentiated Sarcomatoid Malignancy of the Parotid Gland Sarcomatoid Undifferentiated/Dedifferentiated Melanoma? Report of Three Unusual Cases Diagnosed by Fine-Needle Aspiration Combined with Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Analyses.","authors":"Jerzy Klijanienko, Julien Masliah-Planchon, Olivier Choussy, Guillaume Rougier, Antoine Dubray Vautrin, Maria Lesnik, Nathalie Badois, Wahib Ghanem, Jan Klos, Christophe Le Tourneau, Gregoire Marret, Raymond Barnhill, Adel K El-Naggar","doi":"10.1159/000538070","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Poorly differentiated primary sarcomatoid parotid malignancies are extremely rare. These tumors have not been consistently studied by morphology, immunohistochemistry, or molecular techniques.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report three unusual cases of parotid gland poorly-differentiated sarcomatoid malignancy investigated by fine-needle aspiration and studied histologically, by immunohistochemistry and molecular investigations. Aspirates showed poorly specific polymorphous sarcomatoid malignancy in all cases. Histologically, all cases were polymorphous high-grade malignancies, and additionally, one case showed epithelial structures and was finally classified as salivary carcinosarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed classical melanocytic markers negativity but positivity for PRAME, CD10, and WT1 in all three tumors and for CD56 in two tumors, which can potentially be supportive of melanocytic origin. Although not entirely specific, molecular characterization also suggested the melanocytic lineage of these tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although rare, primary malignant melanoma of salivary gland was already described, but undifferentiated/dedifferentiated amelanotic forms are unknown in this localization up today. Further case reports of similar presentations are required to confirm the unequivocal primary origin of these obscure neoplasms in the parotid gland.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"107-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a Cytology-Molecular Co-Test in Liquid-Based Cytology-Processed Urine for Defining Indeterminate Categories of the Paris System.","authors":"Maria Samara, Eleni Thodou, Christina Apostolopoulou, Panagiotis J Vlachostergios, Lampros Mitrakas, Ioannis Zachos, Maria Anagnostou, George Koukoulis, Vassilios Tzortzis","doi":"10.1159/000541578","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Urine cytology using the Paris system (TPS) classification is useful for the detection and monitoring of bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, the categories \"atypical urothelial cells\" (AUCs) and \"suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma\" (SHGUC) do not establish a clear diagnosis. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether the presence of mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) genes, in urine processed with liquid-based cytology (LBC) could enhance the diagnostic performance of cytology, particularly in defining the indeterminate categories of AUC and SHGUC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Urine samples from 82 UC patients with primary tumors or under surveillance and 10 healthy individuals were examined. The ThinPrep method was used for cytology followed by DNA isolation from urine sediments. Targeted molecular analysis was achieved in 70 cases (63 patients and 7 controls) for exons 7 and 10 of the FGFR3 gene and the TERT gene promoter (pTERT), using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Molecular results were correlated with TPS cytology categories and validated by histopathological findings following cystoscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In healthy subjects, cytology was negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC) and no mutations were found. No mutations were found in patients with NHGUC cytology, except for one case with equivocal cystoscopy that carried a pTERT mutation. In high-grade urothelial carcinoma cytology (HGUC) (15/20, 75%) of the cases with histologically confirmed UC, molecular analysis revealed the presence of pTERT without FGFR3 mutations. In SHGUC and AUC cytology, FGFR3 and/or pTERT mutations were detected in 3/4 (75%) and 4/4 (100%) histologically confirmed UC cases, respectively. Cytology sensitivity was 85.7% increasing to 100% with the combined cytology-molecular test, whereas specificity remained unchanged at 86.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study suggests that the incorporation of FGFR3/pTERT molecular testing in urine LBC could enhance the diagnostic value of cytology by diagnosing bladder urothelial carcinoma in indeterminate cytology categories.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"532-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adequacy Assessment in Lymph Node Aspirates: An Exploratory Cytomorphologic Analysis of Negative Cervical Node Aspirates of Head and Neck Carcinomas.","authors":"Joshua Li, Joanna K M Ng, Julia Y Tsang, Gary M Tse","doi":"10.1159/000541050","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymph node is sensitive for detection of metastatic carcinoma but not without a significant false-negative rate. This study reviews clinicocytological features of negative node aspirates to identify predictive factors for establishing adequacy criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Negative FNAC specimens matched with neck dissection from a primary diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell, or undifferentiated (nasopharyngeal) carcinoma were reviewed for clinical and cytological parameters including lymphoid, inflammatory, and background components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Slides from 86 lymph node aspirates including 50 positive for metastasis on follow-up were retrieved. Higher total lymphocyte count, lymphoid fragment count, germinal center fragment count, undifferentiated histology, presence of histiocytes and absence of blood were associated with a true negative cytologic diagnosis (p < 0.05), but not node size or location (p > 0.05). Undifferentiated histology, small lymphoid and germinal center fragments were independent factors indicative of a true negative diagnosis (p < 0.05). Large lymphoid fragments (p = 0.052) demonstrated a trend. Assessment of lymphoid components over five hotspots high-power fields (HPFs) was more robust in predictive value than only one hotspot. Receiver operating characteristic curve identified >10 small lymphoid, >20 large lymphoid and >2 germinal center fragment per five HPFs as optimal adequacy thresholds. Stricter total lymphocyte count cutoff accompanies increase of diagnostic accuracy, up to 0.67 for ≥5 HPFs with >500 lymphocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Total counts of lymphoid and germinal center fragments from multiple HPFs are useful in adequacy assessment of lymph node aspirates and improve diagnostic performance of FNAC in exclusion of metastatic carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"497-505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pitfalls in Urinary Tract Cytopathology.","authors":"Mahmoud A Hashim, Asma Arshia, Shafi Rehman, Ashish Chandra","doi":"10.1159/000537737","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000537737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urine cytopathology is a cost-effective method to diagnose and follow patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, some benign, reactive, and metaplastic changes may mimic UC and pose a diagnostic challenge for cytopathologists.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Our comprehensive review focuses on summarizing common pitfalls encountered in urine cytopathology, based on the 2nd edition of The Paris System (TPS) for reporting urinary tract cytopathology and other recent published literature. These pitfalls include urothelial tissue fragments, degenerative changes, treatment effects, viral cytopathic changes, iatrogenic and metaplastic changes. Our aim was to provide a clear understanding of these mimics in order to avoid diagnostic errors.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>It is crucial for cytopathologists to recognize benign, reactive, or metaplastic lesions that sometimes resemble UC. An awareness of these cytological changes is essential to make an accurate diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"250-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139728719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}