Acta Cytologica最新文献

{"title":"Effect on DNA Stability of a Novel Pellet Storing Method for Liquid-Based Cytology Specimens Fixed Using an Alcohol-Based Preservation Solution: Studies Using EGFR Mutation Detection on a Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line.","authors":"Yukiko Matsuo, Tsutomu Yoshida, Kazuya Yamashita, Yukitoshi Satoh","doi":"10.1159/000545062","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Liquid-based cytology (LBC) specimens of lung cancer are increasingly being used for genetic analyses. Preservation conditions of specimens until DNA extraction are important because they can affect DNA quality. We investigated whether a novel method of storing residual LBC specimens as pellets using an alcohol-based preservation solution would improve DNA stability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lung adenocarcinoma cell line cells fixed in PreservCyt® solution were either stored using the conventional method (suspended in PreservCyt®; Susp group) or washed in phosphate-buffered saline and stored as cell pellet (CP; novel method; CP group). We analyzed the DNA quality of the cells after storage at ambient temperatures for 7, 14, and 28 days and compared DNA stability in dry cell pellets (d-CPs) versus wet CPs after 7 days of storage. DNA stability was evaluated based on epidermal growth factor receptor mutation detection efficiency using the Cycleave PCR method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dsDNA yield and DNA integrity number (DIN) in the CP group were significantly higher than those in the Susp group at all time points. However, the UV absorbance of DNA from the CP group was lower than that from the Susp group. Mutation detection analysis indicated that DNA from the CP group had significantly lower Ct values than that from the Susp group on days 14. The DIN of DNA from the d-CP group was comparable to that from the CP group; however, the dsDNA yield in the d-CP group was reduced to less than half.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The storage of LBC specimens as CPs after fixation in alcohol-based preservation solutions offers improved DNA stability and is a promising strategy for genetic analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors with Rapid On-Site Evaluation: Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Irem Guvendir Bakkaloglu, Begum Calim Gurbuz, Onur Sahin, Itir Ebru Zemheri","doi":"10.1159/000543364","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a highly sensitive and accurate method for identifying pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). However, research on grading and assessing the Ki67 proliferation index in FNA samples is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed 335 EUS-FNA cases performed between 2016 and 2022, of which 12 cases of PanNET were further evaluated. The morphology, Ki-67 index, and grading (G) of cell blocks (CBs) obtained from the PanNET aspirations were compared to those of the resected material.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 12 PanNET's with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), in FNA samples and CB, 7 (58.3%) cases were G1, while 5 (41.7%) cases were G2. On the other hand, on resection of these cases, 6 (50%) were diagnosed as G1, 5 (41.7%) cases were G2, and 1 case (8.3%) was G3. The average Ki-67 index in CB was 2.92 (min: 1 - max: 10), while in resections it was 4.67 (min: 1 - max: 22). Only 2 (16.6%) showed a discordance between grade and Ki-67, resulting in an overall concordance of over 80%. On average, 1.83 needle passes were made (range: 1-3), while the average number of slides and CBs were 9.33 (range: 1-24) and 2.17 (range: 1-6), respectively. There were no significant differences in the number of passes, slides, or CBs between the consistent and discordant groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Optimal counting techniques and sensitivity for Ki67 are crucial in grading PanNETs in both aspiration and resection materials. The grade and Ki-67 index demonstrated high concordance when comparing CB and resection. However, in low-volume centers, ROSE support can be beneficial in obtaining sufficient slides and CB for an adequate diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"122-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and Predictive Immunocytochemistry in Lung Cancer.","authors":"Deepali Jain, Shraddhanjali Satapathy, Lukas Bubendorf","doi":"10.1159/000541478","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is suitable for use on a range of cytology preparations, such as cell blocks, air-dried slides, ethanol-fixed slides, direct smears, cytospins, and liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples. However, it must be standardized against the gold standard of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues with adequate number of positive and negative controls. The role of ICC in lung cancer is crucial, as most lung cancer specimens are cytology samples. Accurate diagnosis and testing of certain biomarkers rely heavily on both diagnostic and predictive ICC.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Key ICC markers important in lung cancer include, but are not limited to, diagnostic ICCs such as TTF-1, p40, Napsin A, and p63, as well as predictive ICCs like ALK, ROS-1, PD-L1, and NTRK.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>With proper validation, immunocytochemistry for lung cancer can be effectively performed on direct smears, cytospins, and other specimens, even when resources for preparing cell blocks are unavailable. This is particularly true for diagnostic antibodies, but it is important to exercise caution with predictive ICC. Nonetheless, a low threshold for molecular testing should be maintained. PD-L1 ICC can be challenging and should ideally be performed on formalin-fixed cell blocks or biopsies when available.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is suitable for use on a range of cytology preparations, such as cell blocks, air-dried slides, ethanol-fixed slides, direct smears, cytospins, and liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples. However, it must be standardized against the gold standard of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues with adequate number of positive and negative controls. The role of ICC in lung cancer is crucial, as most lung cancer specimens are cytology samples. Accurate diagnosis and testing of certain biomarkers rely heavily on both diagnostic and predictive ICC.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Key ICC markers important in lung cancer include, but are not limited to, diagnostic ICCs such as TTF-1, p40, Napsin A, and p63, as well as predictive ICCs like ALK, ROS-1, PD-L1, and NTRK.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>With proper validation, immunocytochemistry for lung cancer can be effectively performed on direct smears, cytospins, and other specimens, even when resources for preparing cell blocks are unavailable. This is particularly true for diagnostic antibodies, but it is important to exercise caution with predictive ICC. Nonetheless, a low threshold for molecular testing should be maintained. PD-L1 ICC can be challenging and should ideally be performed on formalin-fixed cell blocks or biopsies when available.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability of Artificial Intelligence Analysis in Oral Cytopathology: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Igor Cavalcante Guedes, Ana Laura Ferrares Espinosa, Tatiana Wannmacher Lepper, Maikel Maciel Rönnau, Natália Batista Daroit, Manuel M Oliveira, Pantelis Varvaki Rados","doi":"10.1159/000543852","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral cancer, especially oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a global health challenge due to factors such as late detection and high mortality rates. Early detection is essential through monitoring by healthcare professionals. Cytopathology is a cellular analysis model for evaluating cellular damage preceding the clinical appearance of OSCC, but it requires training and has diagnostic limitations, due to its subjective aspect. Artificial intelligence (AI) shows potential to enhance the interpretation of cytological images, reducing working time and subjectivity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of human analyses versus AI system assessment of oral cell smears stained by the Papanicolaou technique.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study comprised 57 patients in Porto Alegre - RS divided into four groups: control group (CG), exposed group (EG), oral potentially malignant disorders group (OPMDG), and OSCC group (OSCCG). Cytopathological smears were collected from the border of the tongue of CG and EG and from the lesional area in OSCCG and OPMDG. The Papanicolaou technique was performed according to standard protocol, with morphological analysis. Images were analyzed by two human examiners as well as by an AI system (Papanicolaou Slide Image Examiner [PSIE]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Concordance between human and PSIE was good. The proportion of cytological findings between human and PSIE was similar, and the analysis time of PSIE was 16.6 times shorter than that of human researchers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of AI for OSCC screening is promising and demonstrated to be a suitable tool for routine use mainly with the advance of IA-human concordance analysis and serving as a tool to accelerate the analytical process.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warthin's Tumour Diagnostic Outcome in the Milan System Era and Cytomorphological Pitfalls.","authors":"Henri Lagerstam, David Kalfert, Ivana Kholová","doi":"10.1159/000544973","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Warthin's tumour (WT) is the second most common salivary gland neoplasm. With classic cytomorphological features of WT, the diagnostic accuracy is over 95%. WT is usually categorized as benign neoplasm according to the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Database search at the Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland, revealed 146 WTs during a 10-year period (January 1, 2013-December 31, 2022). Diagnostic accuracy was calculated for the entire study period, and the study period divided in half to pre-MSRSGC years (2013-2017) and MSRSGC years (2018-2022). In addition, a separate cytomorphology analysis of false-negative cases that were classified according to the MSRSGC was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diagnostic accuracy was 96.4%, sensitivity was 68.5%, and specificity was 99.8%. Sensitivities and specificities were almost equal during the pre-MSRSGC years and the MSRSGC years. The number of true-positive cases was 113. Fifty-five cases (52 false-negative and 3 false-positive cases) were not accurately diagnosed. Risk of malignancy and risk of neoplasm were 0.0% and 98.3% of cases that were cytologically diagnosed as WT. Cytomorphological analysis showed that lack of papillae, the presence of small groups, and cystic degeneration led to false diagnoses. In addition, necrosis and diffuse hypercellularity increased the suspicion of malignancy and led to classification of fine-needle aspirations as salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MSRSGC is useful in WT diagnostics, and it improves communication between cytopathologists and clinicians. In this study, the most useful cytomorphological feature that led to accurate WT diagnoses was papillary architecture in cell block specimens and the most significant pitfall was necrosis followed by diffuse hypercellularity.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy and Risk of Malignancy in Salivary Lesions Reclassified Using the Revised Milan System: A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Amrutha Aravind, Neha Kawatra Madan, Meetu Agrawal, Charanjeet Ahluwalia, Sana Ahuja","doi":"10.1159/000545111","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Salivary gland tumours represent 3% of head and neck neoplasms. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is widely used for pre-operative diagnosis, but its accuracy varies due to the diverse morphology of these tumours. The revised 2023 Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) provides updated risk of malignancy (ROM) estimates and guidelines for standardized reporting. This study reclassifies salivary gland FNAs using the revised MSRSGC and evaluates the ROM and diagnostic accuracy of each category.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed 184 FNAC samples of salivary gland lesions collected from January 2023 to June 2024. Each case was reclassified according to the 2023 Milan System. Histopathological follow-up was available for 46 cases. ROM was calculated for each category, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were computed for two diagnostic groups: group A (SM and malignant) and group B (malignant only).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 184 cases, 47.3% were benign and 14.1% were malignant. The ROM for non-diagnostic, non-neoplastic, atypia of undetermined significance, benign, salivary gland neoplasm of undetermined significance, SM, and malignant categories were 33%, 0%, 50%, 7.1%, 0%, 66.6%, and 100%, respectively. Group B had higher specificity and PPV, while group A showed improved sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The revised Milan System improves diagnostic accuracy in salivary gland FNAs. However, variations in ROM highlight the need for further studies to refine diagnostic challenges in certain categories.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"241-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Message from the International Academy of Cytology.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000546459","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"69 3","pages":"312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ongoing Challenges in Maintaining the Diagnostic Quality of Cervical Cytopathology: Is It Possible to Minimize Differences in Morphological Interpretations?","authors":"Adhemar Longatto-Filho, Fernando C Schmitt","doi":"10.1159/000542618","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The efficiency of the cytological test largely depends on the control and quality assurance of laboratory procedures, to avoid false results. The objectives of this descriptive review were to point out and discuss the main mechanisms for controlling and ensuring the quality of cytological diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>A critical revision was performed to identify the principal challenges involved in the processes of all the main issues related to the morphological alterations that characterize a true-related lesion in the daily routine of the Pap test examination. Principles of QC and QA are already being implemented worldwide, and the positive aspects and limitations of these are discussed as well as proposing alternatives when pertinent. Most of the articles evaluated highlighted the necessity of implementing audit mechanisms to control the performance of the professionals involved with the cytology evaluation.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Promising data from the new image-based technological arsenal appear to be a remarkable tool for improving cytological evaluation, reducing errors of interpretation and serving as a powerful arm for cytology teaching.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Message from the International Academy of Cytology.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000542747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542747","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"68 6","pages":"556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Message from the International Academy of Cytology.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000542745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542745","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"68 6","pages":"557-558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}