Acta Cytologica最新文献

{"title":"Message from the International Academy of Cytology.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000540267","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"68 3","pages":"299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Tissue Controls and Multiplex Immunocytochemistry in Pulmonary Cytology.","authors":"Antti Vuorisalo, Teppo Haapaniemi, Ivana Kholová","doi":"10.1159/000540367","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The World Health Organization 2021 lung cancer classification highlights the central role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in diagnostic pathology. Despite traditional IHC being essential, its limitation to one marker per tissue section brings challenges, particularly when facing cytological limitedly sized samples. To overcome these challenges, multiplex immunocytochemistry (mICC) techniques offer the simultaneous detection of multiple markers from a single section. These advances complement the highly complex imaging techniques that enable additional analyses of cellular interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study outlines a comprehensive mICC methodology of an automated multiplex immunoperoxidase staining method and multiple tissue hybrid controls for ICC/mICC. Protocols are presented in detail and demonstrate a careful approach to optimizing various markers for diagnostic workup including immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiplex IHC/ICC emerges as a transformative force in biomedical diagnostics and research. Beyond simultaneous marker detection, it unravels complexities within tissues - unveiling co-localization nuances, deciphering expression patterns, and enhancing understanding of cellular populations. As personalized treatments gain prominence, the study emphasizes the heightened importance of diagnostic tools and sample adequacy. The present methodological study, encapsulating an automated multiplex immunoperoxidase staining method, symbolizes a stride towards precision in pulmonary carcinoma diagnosis. Multi-tissue controls represent a key element in quality assurance in pathology laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"481-493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141854511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Sydney System for Reporting Lymph Node Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Diagnosing Malignancy.","authors":"Sana Ahuja, Adil Aziz Khan, Rhea Ahuja, Pragun Ahuja, Sufian Zaheer","doi":"10.1159/000535797","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to perform the first meta-analysis for assessment of the pooled risk of malignancy of each category of the Sydney system for reporting of lymph nodal aspirates along with the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched with the following keywords: \"(Lymph node) AND (fine needle aspiration biopsy) OR (International system OR Sydney system)\" in the timeframe 2020 to August 4, 2023. The selected articles were assessed for the risk of bias by the QUADAS-2 tool. The meta-analysis for sensitivity (SN) and specificity for each cut-off, that is, \"atypical considered positive,\" \"suspicious of malignancy considered positive,\" and \"malignant considered positive\" for the lesions, was carried out after excluding the inadequate samples in each study. To assess the diagnostic accuracy, summary receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed, and the diagnostic odds ratio was pooled in both scenarios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies, all of which were retrospective cross-sectional studies, were evaluated with a total of 13,205 cases. The SN and specificity for the \"atypical and higher risk categories\" considered positive for malignancy were 97% (95% CI, 95-99%) and 96% (95% CI, 91-98%), respectively. The SN and specificity for the \"suspicious of malignancy and higher risk categories\" considered positive for malignancy were 91% (95% CI, 85-95%) and 99% (95% CI, 97-100%), respectively. The SN and specificity for the \"malignant\" considered positive for malignancy were 75% (95% CI, 65-84%) and 100% (95% CI, 99-100%), respectively. The pooled area under the curve was 99-100% for each of the cut-offs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis highlights the accuracy of the Sydney system in reporting lymph node aspirates. It exhibits the significance of the \"suspicious\" and \"malignant\" categories in diagnosing malignancy and of the \"benign\" category in excluding malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138797138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytomorphological Assessment in Aspirates of Ductal Carcinoma in situ: Correlations with Histopathologic Grade, Architectural Pattern, and Invasion.","authors":"Joshua J X Li, Maria B C Y Chow, Joanna K M Ng, Julia Y Tsang, Gary M Tse","doi":"10.1159/000535836","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the breast is an effective and widely adopted diagnostic technique. Histopathologic grading of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has prognostic significance. In this current study, FNAB of DCIS was reviewed to identify parameters that predict grading, histopathologic architecture, and presence of invasion in DCIS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aspirates from histopathology-proven cases of DCIS were retrieved and reviewed for cytomorphologic parameters including cellularity, composition, epithelial fragment architecture cellular/nuclear features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total 104 aspirates were reviewed. Cytopathologic cellular features - large nuclear size (p = 0.005), prominent nucleoli (p = 0.011), increased nuclear membrane irregularity (p = 0.043), high variation in nuclear size (p = 0.025), and presence of apoptotic figures in epithelial structures (p &lt; 0.001); and background debris (p = 0.033) correlated with a high-grade diagnosis. Cytoplasmic vacuolation (p = 0.034) was seen exclusively in non-high-grade aspirates. Epithelial fragment architecture did not correlate with grading. A predominance (≥50%) of solid aggregates and papillary fragments on FNAB correlated with histopathologically solid (p = 0.039, p = 0.005) and papillary (p = 0.029, &lt; p = 0.001) patterns. No parameter showed correlation with invasion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FNAB is effective in predicting DCIS grading. Epithelial fragment architecture assessment is limited to papillary or solid types, and FNAB cannot predict focal invasion in DCIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10994590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138827627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pitfalls in Lymph Node Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.","authors":"Min En Nga","doi":"10.1159/000535906","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an accurate, minimally invasive, and cost-effective biopsy method for enlarged lymph nodes. While the role of lymph node FNAC in the diagnosis of infectious or reactive conditions and metastatic malignancy is unquestioned, differing views still exist on its role in the diagnosis of lymphoma. Nevertheless, regardless of the practice setting, pitfalls and potential for error exist, and it is incumbent upon the pathologist to be aware of these pitfalls, as this is the first line of defence against errors.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This discussion will focus on potential interpretational errors, specifically highlighting scenarios leading to false-negative and false-positive diagnosis and errors in tumour classification, with an emphasis on cytomorphology. Potential entities that may fly below the radar of the pathologist - so-called off-radar entities - are also discussed, as a reminder to consider broad differentials in cases with unusual morphologic features. Some reasons for false-negative diagnoses include low-grade lymphomas that mimic a mixed, polymorphous reactive lymphoid population or aspirates with a paucity of lesional cells, through either sampling error or the intrinsic nature of the entity, e.g., nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Some of the potential causes of false-positive diagnoses that are discussed include viral-associated lymphadenopathy, Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis, or benign adnexal lesions mimicking metastatic malignancy. Errors in tumour classification covered include metastatic carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma, and lymphoma mimicking each other, and Hodgkin lymphoma and its mimics. Finally, less common entities such as follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and others are briefly mentioned, to remind us of conditions that may slip under our diagnostic radar.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>A systematic review of diagnostic pitfalls and traps is elucidated here, with some tips to avoid these traps. The triple approach to the diagnostic workup is emphasised, which includes rigorous clinicopathologic correlation, attention to cytomorphology, and judicious application of ancillary tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"260-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11305520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138827628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Immunocytostaining with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma in Urine Cytology Samples.","authors":"Shinichi Tanaka, Yasunori Tokuhara, Sanae Ariyasu, Tatsuya Morinishi, Tamami Yamamoto, Norihiro Teramoto, Eiichiro Hirakawa","doi":"10.1159/000535448","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Urine cytology is a common method for detection of urothelial carcinoma (UC), however, is not high sensitivity. Improvement of the accuracy of cytodiagnosis using immunocytostaining as an auxiliary method is needed. This study aimed to determine the cytodiagnostic usefulness of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) immunocytostaining in urine cytology for the detection of UCs, particularly low-grade urothelial carcinomas (LGUC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PPAR-γ immunocytostaining was performed for 37 UC cases and 26 benign cases. Among the UC cases, 22 cases were of the papillary proliferation type, not including the mixed type comprising both papillary and flat growth. Fifteen LGUC cases of all papillary proliferation types were included. For comparison, the same samples were also immunocytostained for p53 and Ki-67.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the UC cases, 25 of 37 were positive for PPAR-γ, while 24 of the 26 benign cases were PPAR-γ-negative. Regardless of histological grading, 13 of the 22 UC cases with papillary proliferation were PPAR-γ-positive. In particular, PPAR-γ immunocytostaining showed higher sensitivity for LGUC cases than that of the other biomarkers. Regarding LGUC specifically, 4 of 10 cases not identified by primary cytology were detected by PPAR-γ immunocytostaining.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PPAR-γ immunocytostaining enhances the accuracy of urine cytodiagnosis. Furthermore, PPAR-γ is a more useful immunobiomarker in urine cytology than p53 and Ki-67, the commonly used immunobiomarkers for malignant cell detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"60-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Risk of Malignancies of the Diagnostic Categories Proposed by the World Health Organization System for Reporting Lung Cytopathology: A 2-Year Single Institutional Experience.","authors":"Wei-An Lai, Chien-Chin Chen","doi":"10.1159/000539154","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The WHO System of Reporting Lung Cytopathology proposed a 5-tiered system in 2023. We report the risk of malignancies (ROMs) of bronchial washing/lavage and percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. We also evaluated the change of ROMs when image correlation is required.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lung cytology cases in 2021 and 2022 with histologic follow-up were included. CT reports were reviewed to identify cases with a solid nodule/tumor but benign cytological findings. These were reassigned from the \"benign\" to \"non-diagnostic\" category, and the ROMs were re-estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,031 bronchial washing/lavage and 206 FNAs were identified. The ROMs of bronchial washing/lavage were \"non-diagnostic\" 56.5% (13/23), \"benign\" 41.9% (320/764), \"atypical\" 71.7% (71/99), \"suspicious for malignancy\" 94.7% (72/76), and \"malignant\" 100% (70/70). The ROMs of FNAs were \"non-diagnostic\" 66% (33/50), \"benign\" 58.2% (39/67), \"atypical\" 70% (28/40), \"suspicious for malignancy\" 96.2% (25/26), and \"malignant\" 100% (70/70). When image finding was considered, cases initially assigned as \"benign\" were re-classified to \"non-diagnostic\" with decreases in ROMs for the \"benign\" category.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Malignancy risks associated with the WHO System of Reporting Lung Cytopathology diagnostic groups were reported. Image correlation for the \"benign\" category led to a decrease in case number and ROM.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"351-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Message from the International Academy of Cytology.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000539290","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"68 2","pages":"171-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr. George N. Papanicolaou (1883-1962) and the Art of Modern Numismatics.","authors":"Ioannis N Mammas, Demetrios A Spandidos","doi":"10.1159/000539906","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539906","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"339-341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Cytopathic Changes in Sputum Cytology in a Patient with Known Human Metapneumovirus.","authors":"Eva Tang, Andrew Peter Gador-Whyte, Marsali Ruth Newman","doi":"10.1159/000540184","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Viral cytopathic changes seen in sputum cytology have been described in association with infection by viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), adenovirus, and even measles. However, viral cytopathic changes due to human metapneumovirus (hMPV) have not yet been well described in cytology. hMPV is a relatively new entity, discovered in 2001. It is known to cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe the viral cytopathic changes seen in sputum in a 63-year-old male patient with known hMPV. These changes include multinucleation, nuclear enlargement, homogenised nuclei, basophilic nuclear inclusions with perinuclear halos, and small eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We aim to raise awareness that hMPV can cause viral cytopathic changes and to describe these cytological features, which have been elucidated in only 1 case report thus far. Distinction from other viruses with similar changes, such as HSV and CMV, is important due to their differing clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"374-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}