Acta Cytologica最新文献

{"title":"Message from the International Academy of Cytology.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000550621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000550621","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146008756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytological Features That Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Glandular Lesions in Uterine Cervical Cytology.","authors":"Atsushi Minoshima, Shintaro Sugita, Jun Moriya, Fuminori Daimon, Tomoko Takenami, Tomomi Kido, Daigo Kaku, Taishi Akimoto, Motoki Matsuura, Tsuyoshi Saito, Reiko Watanabe","doi":"10.1159/000550479","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Female Genital Tumours, Fifth Edition (2020), proposed a classification of uterine cervical glandular lesions according to whether they are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) or not. The WHO recommends HPV genetic screening as an initial test that should be followed by cytology as a triage test in HPV-positive patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We selected 40 cytological specimens of HPV-associated glandular lesions including atypical glandular cells, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and adenocarcinoma. We confirmed their histological type using biopsy or excisional specimens. We examined the cytological features of the glandular lesions in detail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of HPV-associated adenocarcinoma was usual-type adenocarcinoma with enlarged nuclei, increased nuclear density, and heterogeneous to pale nuclear chromatin, and most cases showed apoptosis or mitosis. AIS exhibited stacked clusters with intense nuclear chromatin, so-called hyperchromatic crowded groups. AIS showed less nuclear pleomorphism compared to invasive adenocarcinoma and no background tumor diathesis. Conversely, adenocarcinoma tended to have a tumor diathesis. Stratified mucin-producing carcinoma had a foamy to vacuolated cytoplasm and tended to form nested clusters without a palisade arrangement. Some atypical glandular cells were found to have glandular involvement of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions by histology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To contribute to the early detection of glandular lesions, it is important to recognize the fundamental cytological features, especially hyperchromatic crowded groups, background tumor diathesis, and nuclear findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Critical Role of Ancillary Testing in Fine-Needle Aspiration of Lymph Nodes, Thymus, and Spleen.","authors":"Diana A Baptista, Helena Barroca, Fernando C Schmitt","doi":"10.1159/000550408","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a minimally invasive and reliable technique for sampling lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen. However, morphological interpretation alone is often insufficient due to overlapping features among reactive, infectious, and neoplastic processes.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The aim of this study was to review the essential role of ancillary testing in enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in lymphoid and mediastinal organs. This is a narrative review of the literature focusing on the applications, strengths, and limitations of flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and molecular testing in FNAC samples from lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Ancillary studies significantly increase the diagnostic precision of FNAC, enabling lineage assignment, clonality determination, detection of defining genetic alterations, and identification of therapeutic biomarkers. These techniques are particularly valuable in paucicellular aspirates, mediastinal lesions, splenic lymphomas, and cases with overlapping morphological patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Power of Flow Cytometry in the Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Lymphoid Lesions.","authors":"Willliam A Sewell, Mousa A Al-Abbadi, Willliam R Geddie, Jeffrey L Jorgensen, Veronika Kloboves-Prevodnik, Ahmad T Mansour, Anna Porwit","doi":"10.1159/000550290","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytological examination of a fine-needle aspirate (FNA) is a minimally invasive modality that is increasingly used in the diagnosis of lymphoma. Flow cytometry and other ancillary tests make an important contribution to the diagnostic value of FNAs of lymphoid lesions. This review follows the recent publication of the first edition of the WHO Reporting System for Lymph Node, Spleen, and Thymus Cytopathology. This WHO volume provides a framework for assessment of cytopathological samples and presents in detail the contribution of ancillary studies, including flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The current review is designed to complement the WHO volume. It presents criteria for adequacy of FNA specimens assessed by flow cytometry and includes strategies to determine the degree of blood contamination of FNA samples. Evidence for the contribution of flow cytometry to the diagnostic value of FNA is reviewed. The role of TRBC1 and TRBC2 in the assessment of T-cell populations is presented. Strengths of flow cytometry, along with its limitations, are presented.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Provided these limitations are properly understood, the inclusion of flow cytometry as an ancillary modality makes a substantial contribution to FNA assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Small B-Cell Lymphomas.","authors":"Juliet Raine, Edward S Hookway, Timothy Farren, Mats Ehinger, Immacolata Cozzolino, Mariarita Calaminici","doi":"10.1159/000550229","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytologic examination of lymph nodes and serous effusions is of value in the diagnosis of small cell lymphomas. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recently published a reporting system relating to the cytologic examination of lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus to standardise the approach to reporting such specimens.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>An overview of the WHO reporting system is given with particular reference to the diagnosis of small B-cell lymphomas. The role of rapid on-site evaluation and ancillary testing is discussed. The cytomorphological features of specific small B-cell lymphomas and associated ancillary testing are described.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The WHO reporting system provides a standardised approach to the reporting of cytological specimens from lymph nodes, the spleen, and the thymus. Small B-cell lymphomas pose a challenge to the cytopathologist due to their morphologic overlap with each other and reactive conditions. The importance of correlation and integration of cytomorphological appearances with clinical features and ancillary testing modalities to obtain a final diagnosis is emphasised. The present review includes a description of cytomorphological features according to pattern recognition and provides an overview of diagnostic criteria for specific entities based on cytomorphology alone and in combination with ancillary tests in different clinical settings discussing differential diagnoses and potential pitfalls.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIY Polarization: Validated Low-Cost Alternative for Birefringence in Histological and Cytological Analysis.","authors":"Giovanni Antunes Bonin, Wilson Jacob-Filho, Romeu Rodrigues de Souza, Ricardo Aparecido Baptista Nucci","doi":"10.1159/000549347","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Birefringence analysis is an essential tool in both histological and cytological diagnostics, particularly with stains such as picrosirius red for collagen and Congo red for amyloid. However, polarized light microscopy remains limited in many laboratories due to cost and accessibility barriers. We describe a low-cost \"do-it-yourself\" (DIY) approach using commercial polarizing films to adapt a standard brightfield microscope for birefringence visualization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty gastrocnemius muscle sections stained with picrosirius red were analyzed using both a commercial polarized light system and the DIY setup. Quantitative image analysis was performed with ImageJ, and agreement between methods was assessed with ROC curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DIY method achieved an AUC of 0.6252 (p = 0.0309) and 99% inter-observer concordance, demonstrating fair agreement with the commercial system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This simple, validated method expands access to birefringence-based diagnostics and has potential applications in cytological contexts, such as amyloid detection in fine-needle aspirates and collagen assessment in cytospin preparations.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"269-272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humidity Conditions Involved in the Formation of Cornflake Artifacts in Papanicolaou Stains.","authors":"Kaori Okayama, Saki Tajima, Yuito Tanaka, Kaisei Ono, Hikaru Shibuya, Makoto Osada, Mizue Oda, Mitsuaki Okodo","doi":"10.1159/000549244","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cornflake artifacts that appear in cervical cytology are formed by a poorly dehydrated series of Papanicolaou (Pap) stains and dried before mounting. This study focused on the humidity conditions during Pap staining to investigate the cause of the appearance of cornflake artifacts in Pap smears. One SurePath™ liquid-based cytology cell specimen, diagnosed as negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy and human papillomavirus using the uniplex E6/E7 PCR method, was used. The draft humidity was adjusted to 30%, 50%, 70%, and 80%. Subsequently, poorly dehydrated series of Pap staining according to the method was performed. After the last xylene immersion, smears that were not dried and dried after 1, 3, and 5 min were mounted. Cornflake artifacts were not observed in smears that had not been dried and dried for 1 min under any humidity condition. In the smear dried for 3 min before mounting, cornflake artifacts were observed at only 80% humidity, and the ratio of cornflake artifacts to normal squamous cells was 0.04 corn/nsc. The ratios when smears were dried for 5 min before mounting at 30%, 50%, 70%, and 80% humidity were 6.44, 6.80, 6.53, and 1.46 corn/nsc, respectively. This study revealed that the appearance of cornflake artifacts in Pap stains under poor dehydration conditions is related to high humidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"263-268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytological Assessment of Paediatric Breast Lesions: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ana Elisa Teles, Fernando C Schmitt","doi":"10.1159/000549243","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Paediatric breast lesions are rare and mostly benign. Despite their benign nature, the presence of these lesions in this population often raises concerns. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) offers a minimally invasive, though its application in paediatric populations remains debated due to interpretative challenges. This systematic review aims to assess the utility, limitations, and diagnostic performance of FNAB in the evaluation of paediatric breast lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was performed in PubMed for articles published from January 2014 to February 2025. Non-humans and non-English language reports were excluded. Based on title and abstract screening, 25 articles were selected, and 13 additional articles were retrieved through reference list, yielding a total of 38 studies for qualitative analysis. Data were manually extracted and synthesized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Benign lesions represented the majority of cases, with fibroadenomas being the most frequent (65%-95%), followed by benign phyllodes tumours, hamartomas, tubular adenomas, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH), and cystic lesions. Malignant lesions were rare and included metastatic tumours, malignant phyllodes tumours, secretory carcinoma, and primary breast sarcomas. FNAB demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for benign lesions but showed limitations in distinguishing benign from malignant tumours. ROSE was identified as a valuable adjunct, improving sample adequacy, reducing the rate of inconclusive results, and enhancing diagnostic reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FNAB is an effective first-line diagnostic modality for paediatric breast lesions, offering high accuracy for benign conditions. However, limitations exist in discriminating borderline and malignant lesions, warranting correlation with clinical, radiological findings, and, in some cases, core biopsy confirmation. The integration of ROSE enhances FNAB diagnostic yield and may further refine management strategies. A multidisciplinary approach remains essential to ensure optimal, minimally invasive care for paediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"299-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blastemal Tumours: Cytological Features and the Usefulness of Fine Needle Aspiration.","authors":"Pawel Gajdzis, Jerzy Klijanienko","doi":"10.1159/000549899","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blastemal tumours are quite frequent malignancies in childhood. In many oncological centres, fine needle aspiration is a part of the specific diagnostic procedure. In this review, the cytological features of the most common entities - i.e., neuroblastic tumours, nephroblastomas, retinoblastomas, and hepatoblastomas - are covered.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Blastemal tumours are composed of blastemal cells, which are frequently rounded or oval. This morphological similarity among different entities requires detailed clinical and radiological information for accurate diagnosis. Cytological specimens play a crucial role, especially when histological specimens are not available or in cases where a prompt initiation of treatment is needed.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Cytological smears are highly cellular and show specific patterns for accurate histological typing. The hypercellularity of cytological specimen allows for the use of high-quality material for ancillary techniques, which are important for assessing several prognostic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"310-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145686681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Malignancy in the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Categories in Pediatric Population from Distinct Countries: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mohammed Amer Swid, Mohammad Salimian, Sandra Ixchel Sanchez, Zahra Maleki","doi":"10.1159/000550898","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is applied widely in reporting salivary gland cytology in adult population; however, there are limited publications on its application in pediatric population and consequently on risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ROM for each diagnostic category in the MSRSGC in pediatric patients from different countries using only three published original studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FNA of the pediatric salivary gland lesions was assessed from three different studies: (1) Maleki et al., (2) Satturwar et al., and (3) Wang et al., and then classified based on the MSRSGC categories: nondiagnostic, non-neoplastic, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), benign neoplasm, salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP), suspicious for malignancy (SM), and malignant. In each study, we reviewed the cases distributed according to the MSRSGC and recorded the ROM, as well as the available histological follow-up results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cases across the three different cohort studies showed different distributions using the MSRSGC category. The population of Maleki's cohort study had the highest total patients of around 477 cases. Also, it had the highest number of cases diagnosed as non-neoplastic (34.6%). On the other hand, the paper of Satturwar's series had around 32 cases that showed a predominance of benign neoplasms (34.4%). The third research paper by Wang's cohort had around 104 cases that demonstrated a higher proportion of malignant cases (5.8%) relative to total aspirates. The ROM values were also reviewed for each MSRSGC category and showed different outcomes between those three studies. The ROM of \"SM\" and \"malignant\" categories reached 100% in two cohort studies done by Satturwar's and Wang's series versus 60% and 90%, respectively, in Maleki's paper. Histologic follow-up was available for 49.7% of Maleki's, 65.6% of Satturwar's, and 51.9% of Wang's cases. The ROM for benign neoplasms was consistently low (<5-6%) across studies, while AUS and SUMP categories showed wide interstudy variability (AUS ROM: 20-100%; SUMP ROM: 31.8-67%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study of 613 salivary gland FNAs in pediatrics confirms that the MSRSGC is applicable on pediatric population with overall high reproducibility. The ROM was lower in benign neoplasm, while it was 100% in SM and malignant categories. Variations on ROM data are most likely due to sample size differences, and patient population and surgical follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"356-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}