Acta Cytologica最新文献

{"title":"Overview of Ancillary Techniques in Cervical Cytology.","authors":"Andrea D Olivas,&nbsp;Julieta E Barroeta,&nbsp;Ricardo R Lastra","doi":"10.1159/000528931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000528931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between high-risk serotypes of human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) and cervical cancer is well-established.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In order to improve the sensitivity of cervical cytology testing, hr-HPV testing has rapidly become part of routine cervical cancer screening, either in conjunction with cytology or as primary testing. In this review, we discuss the overall utility and strategies of hr-HPV testing, as well as the advantages and limitations of potential triage strategies for hr-HPV-positive women, including HPV genotyping, p16/Ki-67 dual staining, and methylation assays.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>hr-HPV testing is discussed as primary screening and HPV genotyping, p16/Ki-67 dual staining, and methylation assays are discussed as ancillary techniques to cytology in the triage of hr-HPV-positive women undergoing cervical cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"67 2","pages":"119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9263804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kari J. Syrjänen, MD, PhD, FIAC: A Tribute to Our Editor on His 75th Birthday.","authors":"Ivana Kholová,&nbsp;Fernando Schmitt,&nbsp;Massimo Bongiovanni,&nbsp;Laszlo Vass,&nbsp;Danijela Vrdoljak Mozetic","doi":"10.1159/000529952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000529952","url":null,"abstract":"The Editor-in-Chief of Acta Cytologica, Prof. Kari J. Syrjänen, M.D., Ph.D., FIAC will celebrate his 75th Birthday on March 20, 2023, and we would like to offer a tribute to the 3rd Editor of Acta Cytologica and one of the pioneers in HPV research.","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"67 3","pages":"213-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9565855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Epithelial Abnormalities and Associated Factors among HIV-Infected Women in Lagos, Nigeria: A Cytology-Based Study.","authors":"Kehinde S Okunade, Kabir B Badmos, Adaiah P Soibi-Harry, Sunusi-Rimi Garba, Ephraim O Ohazurike, Oluchi Ozonu, Alani S Akanmu, Folasade T Ogunsola, Fatimah B Abdulkareem, Rose I Anorlu","doi":"10.1159/000527905","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000527905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As it may not be feasible to provide cervical cancer screening services to all HIV-infected women in most resource-limited settings, there is a need to identify those who are most at risk. We determined the prevalence, patterns, and associated factors of cervical cytological abnormalities among HIV-infected women in Lagos, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected women at the adult HIV treatment and colposcopy clinics of a university teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, between October 2018 and December 2019. A cervical sample was collected from each woman to detect cervical cytological abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 593 enrolled women, cervical cytological abnormalities were present in 40 (6.7%). Most (37.5%) of the women with cytological abnormalities had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Age at coitarche (<20 vs. ≥20 years: adjusted odds ratio, 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-4.83, p = 0.01) was the only factor that was independently associated with cervical epithelial abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities in our study is lower than most previous reports in Africa. Sexual debut at an early age was significantly associated with cytological abnormalities. It is necessary to confirm the findings of this study through a well-designed and adequately powered longitudinal study.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"67 3","pages":"248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10238562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9570435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Charactex Protocol for Blood-Derived Cytological Preparation of Nonhematological Cancer.","authors":"Natalia Malara,&nbsp;Giuseppe Donato,&nbsp;Francesca Ferrazzo,&nbsp;Nastassia Carmelina Garo,&nbsp;Franco Fulciniti","doi":"10.1159/000527904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Liquid biopsy, especially when performed by the isolation, expansion, and examination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood, has become an innovative and transforming diagnostic tool in Clinical Oncology. The CTCs have already entered the clinical practice as an alternative method to invasive tumor biopsy for detecting postsurgical and/or posttreatment minimal residual disease, to predict cancer recurrence and real-time treatment response. In this context, the retrospective observational project, known as CHARACTEX, has permitted to state that it is possible to exploit blood-based cytologic samples through short-term culture and in vitro CTC expansion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This method is based initially on a gradient-sedimentation technique, which impoverishes without completely depriving the obtained sample from the hematological cells, followed by short-term (14 days) in vitro culture and expansion and cytomorphological and flow cytometric analysis to investigate whether the expanded cell population possesses proliferative advantage and fits with criteria, which are consistent to the known primary tumor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The originality of this method is that, apart from the above exposed criteria, there is no selection bias for the isolation of the cells from peripheral blood (like immunomagnetic bead treatment or preliminary immunocytochemistry), which can potentially introduce some limitation to the cell population under evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The examination of the expanded cell population obtained by this method is very rewarding for both the pathologist - who can assess multiple tumor-related variables (like immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry of several parameters, and molecular pathology on cell suspensions and cell blocks obtained from them) - and the clinician.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"67 3","pages":"295-303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9584322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a Standardized Terminology and Nomenclature for Respiratory Cytology: Experience from a Large Tertiary Respiratory Cancer Centre.","authors":"Diarmuid O'Connor,&nbsp;Aurelie Fabre,&nbsp;David Gibbons","doi":"10.1159/000527435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2020, the World Health Organization-International Agency for Research on Cancer/International Academy of Cytology (WHO-IARC IAC) joint project was commenced to develop standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria in cytopathology internationally. Our institution has been coding all respiratory cytological specimens in a similar fashion for over 10 years. Our aim was to analyse the effectiveness of our respiratory cytology coding system by calculating the estimated risk of malignancy (ROM) and rates of each diagnostic category.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Over a 2 year period, all endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), bronchial brushing, bronchial washing, bronchial lavage, and sputum specimens reported at our institution were analysed. For each specimen, the diagnostic code, the relevant indication for each diagnostic procedure, the diagnosis, and the presence or absence of a positive corresponding biopsy were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1,432 respiratory cytological specimens from 945 patients over a 2-year period were analysed. 467 specimens were confirmed to be associated with a malignant process. The overall ROM for respiratory cytology specimens was 37.7% for nondiagnostic, 18.1% for benign, 46.7% for atypical, 85.7% for suspicious for malignancy, and 91.9% for malignant. For each diagnostic procedure, the ROM increased from the benign to malignant categories.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Our ROM rates for overall respiratory cytology specimens and for EBUS-TBNA, bronchial brushing, and bronchial washing specimens separately are concordant with other major international studies. With the WHO-IARC IAC joint project in progress and an international respiratory cytology coding system being developed, our study has the potential to add value by providing indicative ROM rates, which can be used to inform the development of this new classification system. Our rates of diagnostic accuracy are in keeping with international standards, which support the accuracy of our data.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"67 1","pages":"46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10530337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic Distribution, Number, and Types of Papers Published in International Cytopathology Journals in the Last 5.5 Years: A Perspective from India.","authors":"Jeanne Maria Dsouza","doi":"10.1159/000526767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000526767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"67 1","pages":"100-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10587072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Impact of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology on Sentinel Node Biopsy after Preoperative Chemotherapy for Core Needle Biopsy-Proven Metastatic Lymph Nodes.","authors":"Rikiya Nakamura,&nbsp;Shouko Hayama,&nbsp;Satoshi Yoshimura,&nbsp;Makiko Itami,&nbsp;Akinobu Araki,&nbsp;Akiko Odaka,&nbsp;Naohito Yamamoto","doi":"10.1159/000529721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000529721","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has been increasingly performed for patients with lymph node (LN)-positive (cN1) breast cancer that converted to LN-negative (ycN0) status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This study aimed to clarify the SNB avoidance rates using fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for metastatic LNs after NAC. Methods: This study included 68 patients with cN1 breast cancer undergoing NAC from April 2019 to August 2021. Patients with biopsy-proven metastatic clip-marked LNs (clipped LNs) underwent eight cycles of NAC. Ultrasonography (US) was performed to evaluate the effect of the treatment on the clipped LNs, and FNAC was performed after NAC. Patients with ycN0 status determined using FNAC underwent SNB. Those with positive results for FNAC or SNB underwent axillary LN dissection. Histopathology results and FNA were compared for clipped LNs after NAC. Results: Of the 68 cases, 53 were ycN0 and 15 were clinically positive LNs after NAC (ycN1) on US. Further, 13% (7/53) of all ycN0 and 60% (9/15) of all ycN1 cases showed residual metastasis in the LNs on FNAC. Conclusion: FNAC was diagnostically useful for patients with ycN0 status on US imaging. Using FNAC for LNs after NAC helped avoid unnecessary SNB in 13% of the cases.","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"67 4","pages":"378-387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9932116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminant Analysis Using Gabor Filter Sets for Lobular Endocervical Glandular Hyperplasia: Numerical Interpretation of Nuclear Atypia by Gabor Filter Features.","authors":"Fumikazu Kimura,&nbsp;Kengo Ohshima,&nbsp;Keiichiro Shirai,&nbsp;Ryo Kanai,&nbsp;Masaki Sonohara,&nbsp;Keiko Ishii","doi":"10.1159/000533255","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) is a benign lesion; however, it is considered to be the origin of gastric-type adenocarcinoma in the uterine cervix, and early diagnosis is important. At Shinshu University Hospital, screening of LEGH cells is based on the difference in color tone of cytoplasmic mucin on Papanicolaou staining and detection of gastric mucin using HIK1083-labeled latex agglutination assay. However, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish LEGH cells with subtle nuclear atypia from endocervical (EC) cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We calculated the Gabor filter features (mean signal value, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis) from the nuclei of cytological specimens in EC cells (37 cases) and LEGH cells (33 cases) using microscopic images, and we performed statistical analysis and discriminant analysis by linear support vector machine (LSVM) using these features. A Gabor filter is a linear filter defined as a mathematical representation of the mammalian visual system. Gabor filters with three wavelengths and eight angles were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gabor filter features in EC cells were higher than in LEGH cells, demonstrating that the gradient of LEGH cell nuclei was milder than that of EC cell nuclei. The accuracy calculated using all Gabor filters was 91.0% and the accuracy of four Gabor filters (λ = 2/3π and θ = 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°) was 88.9%. High accuracy with low computation costs was achieved by reducing the number of features used for LSVM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The application of a Gabor filter with convolutional processing resulted in the edges of LEGH cells being slightly rough and thick, whereas those of EC cells were fine and thin. Thus, it is thought that the frequency of abrupt gradients of pixels was higher in EC cells than in LEGH cells, and the gradient of chromatin distribution in LEGH cell nuclei was milder than that in EC cell nuclei. It was possible to evaluate nuclear findings of EC and LEGH cells objectively by quantifying morphological features of nuclei using Gabor filters. It was possible to differentiate EC cells from LEGH cells using LSVM using Gabor filter features.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"539-549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9876800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and Reproducibility of Cytology Triage in a HPV-Based Primary Screening Setting: A Revision of 384 Pap Tests.","authors":"Stefania Cannistrà, Francesca Carozzi, Chiara Di Stefano, Marzia Matucci, Giampaolo Pompeo, Giuseppe Gorini, Donella Puliti, Marco Zappa, Cristina Sani, Massimo Confortini","doi":"10.1159/000534282","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>After the transition toward the HPV-based screening protocol, which has led to an increase in sensitivity, and in order to bring the specificity back to acceptable values, cytology underwent a change of approach, becoming a triage test. For these reasons, in the Tuscany region (after the recommendations of the GISCi document), it was decided to reduce, as much as possible, the use of ASC-US category in cytology triage, classifying these morphological cases as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancies (NILM) or LSIL, basing on the grade of nuclear atypia. So, in Italy, in a cytology triage context (HPV primary screening), a modified Bethesda system (TBS) is currently used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the review activity of 384 cytology triage cases and of the cervical cancer screening indicators (sensitivity and specificity for CIN2+ lesions) using the TBS 2014 or the modified TBS.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>384 HPV positive cases at one-year recall (192 with a cytology result of NILM both at baseline and at one-year recall; 192 with a cytology result of NILM at baseline but abnormal at one-year recall), all with a histologically confirmed result (128 CIN2+, 256 ≤ CIN1), were selected, and their baseline Pap tests were reviewed in blind mode by 5 expert cytologists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cytological results of NILM were confirmed for 92.5% and 83.8% of cases using TBS 2014 or modified TBS, respectively. 20/128 CIN2+ cases could have been reported at the baseline cytology triage, causing an anticipatory effect and an improvement in sensitivity of the screening protocol at baseline (+15.6%). Using TBS 2014, the number of false positives more than tripled with respect to the modified TBS 2014, with a significant increase in unnecessary colposcopies (+11.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work demonstrated that a greater expertise of cytologists, acquired during the following 3 years of experience with cytological triage, and a strong IQC system could lead to the identification of a significant number of lesions reported to baseline rather than at one-year recall (diagnostic anticipation).</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":" ","pages":"618-628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41104034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of the Proposed Sydney System for Reporting Lymph Node Cytopathology: A Five-Year Experience of an Academic Institution in South India.","authors":"Sakthisankari Shanmugasundaram,&nbsp;Nandhini Bala Balasubramanian,&nbsp;Abinaya Sundari Amirthakatesan","doi":"10.1159/000530038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000530038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a routinely used investigation in the evaluation of lymph node pathologies. However, there exists a lack of uniformity in cytopathology reporting owing to the nonavailability of standard guidelines. Recently, a novel system for reporting lymph node cytopathology has been proposed. The present study aimed to analyze the utility of the proposed system in cytopathology reporting in our institution.</p><p><strong>Materials: </strong>FNABs of lymph nodes performed over a period of 5 years were categorized as per the proposed Sydney system. The diagnoses on cytopathology were correlated with histopathologic diagnoses to assess the diagnostic accuracy. The rate of malignancy (ROM) for each category was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 747 lymph node FNABs were included in the study. Histopathology was available in 262 cases. ROM in categories I-V was 26.3%, 7.2%, 76.9%, 82.3%, and 100.0%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FNAB when considering category L3 to represent benign cytopathology were 84.2%, 97.5%, 97.1%, and 86.2%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FNAB when considering category L3 to represent malignant cytopathology were 92.56%, 95.08%, 94.9%, and 92.8%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study substantiates the usefulness of the proposed Sydney system in lymph node cytopathology in enhancing better communication between clinicians and cytopathologists. The use of ancillary techniques like immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry will aid in arriving at a more precise diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6959,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cytologica","volume":"67 4","pages":"365-377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10286802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}