{"title":"Global Dynamics of a Kawasaki Disease Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury Model with Backward Bifurcation and Hopf Bifurcation","authors":"Ke Guo, Wan-biao Ma","doi":"10.1007/s10255-024-1096-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1096-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, febrile, systemic vasculitis that mainly affects children under five years of age. In this paper, we propose and study a class of 5-dimensional ordinary differential equation model describing the vascular endothelial cell injury in the lesion area of KD. This model exhibits forward/backward bifurcation. It is shown that the vascular injury-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> < 1. Further, we obtain two types of suffcient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the vascular injury-free equilibrium, which can be applied to both the forward and backward bifurcation cases. In addition, the local and global asymptotic stability of the vascular injury equilibria and the presence of Hopf bifurcation are studied. It is also shown that the model is permanent if the basic reproduction number <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> > 1, and some explicit analytic expressions of ultimate lower bounds of the solutions of the model are given. Our results suggest that the control of vascular injury in the lesion area of KD is not only correlated with the basic reproduction number <i>R</i><sub>0</sub>, but also with the growth rate of normal vascular endothelial cells promoted by the vascular endothelial growth factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":6951,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141521362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Equilibrium Reinsurance Strategy and Mean Residual Life Function","authors":"Dan-ping Li, Lv Chen, Lin-yi Qian, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10255-024-1050-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1050-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the equilibrium reinsurance strategy and the tail of the distribution of the risk. Since Mean Residual Life (MRL) has a close relationship with the tail of the distribution, we consider two classes of risk distributions, Decreasing Mean Residual Life (DMRL) and Increasing Mean Residual Life (IMRL) distributions, which can be used to classify light-tailed and heavy-tailed distributions, respectively. We assume that the underlying risk process is modelled by the classical Cramér-Lundberg model process. Under the mean-variance criterion, by solving the extended Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, we derive the equilibrium reinsurance strategy for the insurer and the reinsurer under DMRL and IMRL, respectively. Furthermore, we analyze how to choose the reinsurance premium to make the insurer and the reinsurer agree with the same reinsurance strategy. We find that under the case of DMRL, if the distribution and the risk aversions satisfy certain conditions, the insurer and the reinsurer can adopt a reinsurance premium to agree on a reinsurance strategy, and under the case of IMRL, the insurer and the reinsurer can only agree with each other that the insurer do not purchase the reinsurance.</p>","PeriodicalId":6951,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incidence Coloring of Outer-1-planar Graphs","authors":"Meng-ke Qi, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10255-024-1126-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1126-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A graph is outer-1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that all vertices lie on the outer-face and each edge crosses at most one another edge. It is known that every outer-1-planar graph is a planar partial 3-tree. In this paper, we conjecture that every planar graph <i>G</i> has a proper incidence (Δ(<i>G</i>) + 2)-coloring and confirm it for outer-1-planar graphs with maximum degree at least 8 or with girth at least 4. Specifically, we prove that every outer-1-planar graph <i>G</i> has an incidence (Δ(<i>G</i>) + 3, 2)-coloring, and every outer-1-planar graph <i>G</i> with maximum degree at least 8 or with girth at least 4 has an incidence (Δ(<i>G</i>) + 2, 2)-coloring.</p>","PeriodicalId":6951,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Barrier Option Pricing in Regime Switching Models with Rebates","authors":"Yue-xu Zhao, Jia-yong Bao","doi":"10.1007/s10255-024-1053-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1053-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper is concerned with the valuation of single and double barrier knock-out call options in a Markovian regime switching model with specific rebates. The integral formulas of the rebates are derived via matrix Wiener-Hopf factorizations and Fourier transform techniques, also, the integral representations of the option prices are constructed. Moreover, the first-passage time density functions in two-state regime model are derived. As applications, several numerical algorithms and numerical examples are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":6951,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-time Asymptotics for the Reverse Space-time Nonlocal Hirota Equation with Decaying Initial Value Problem: without Solitons","authors":"Wei-qi Peng, Yong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10255-024-1121-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1121-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, we mainly consider the Cauchy problem for the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation with the initial data rapidly decaying in the solitonless sector. Start from the Lax pair, we first construct the basis Riemann-Hilbert problem for the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation. Furthermore, using the approach of Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent, the explicit long-time asymptotics for the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota is derived. For the reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation, since the symmetries of its scattering matrix are different with the local Hirota equation, the <i>ϑ</i>(<i>λ</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>) (<i>i</i> = 0, 1) would like to be imaginary, which results in the <span>(delta _{{{rm{lambda}}_i}}^0)</span> contains an increasing <span>(t{{pm ,Imvartheta ({{rm{lambda}}_i})} over 2})</span>, and then the asymptotic behavior for nonlocal Hirota equation becomes differently.</p>","PeriodicalId":6951,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infinitely Many Solutions for a Class of Quasi-linear Elliptic Problem","authors":"Xiao-yao Jia, Zhen-luo Lou","doi":"10.1007/s10255-024-1091-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1091-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we study the following quasi-linear elliptic equation</p><span>$$left{{matrix{{- ,{rm{div(}}phi {rm{(}}left| {nabla u} right|{rm{)}}nabla u{rm{) = lambda}}psi {rm{(}}left| u right|{rm{)}}u + ,varphi {rm{(}}left| u right|{rm{)}}u,,,,,{rm{in}},,,Omega,,,,} cr {u = 0,,,,,,,,{rm{on}},,partial Omega {rm{,}},,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,} cr}} right.$$</span><p>where Ω ⊂ ℝ<sup><i>N</i></sup> is a bounded domain, λ > 0 is a parameter. The function <i>ψ</i>(∣<i>t</i>∣)<i>t</i> is the subcritical term, and <i>ϕ</i>(∣<i>t</i>∣)<i>t</i> is the critical Orlicz-Sobolev growth term with respect to <i>φ</i>. Under appropriate conditions on <i>φ</i>, <i>ψ</i> and <i>ϕ</i>, we prove the existence of infinitely many weak solutions for quasi-linear elliptic equation, for <i>λ</i> ∈ (0, <i>λ</i><sub>0</sub>), where <i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> > 0 is a fixed constant.</p>","PeriodicalId":6951,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Phase Portraits of Uniform Isochronous Centers System of Degree Six with Polynomial Commutator","authors":"Li-na Guo, Ai-yong Chen, Shuai-feng Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10255-024-1081-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1081-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper studies the global phase portraits of uniform isochronous centers system of degree six with polynomial commutator. Such systems have the form <span>(dot x = - y + xf(x,,y),,,dot y = x + yf(x,,y))</span>, where <i>f</i>(<i>x, y</i>) = <i>a</i><sub>1</sub><i>x</i> + <i>a</i><sub>2</sub><i>xy</i> + <i>a</i><sub>3</sub><i>xy</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>a</i><sub>4</sub><i>xy</i><sup>3</sup> + <i>a</i><sub>5</sub><i>xy</i><sup>4</sup> = <i>xσ</i>(<i>y</i>), and any zero of 1 + <i>a</i><sub>1</sub><i>y</i> + <i>a</i><sub>2</sub><i>y</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>a</i><sub>3</sub><i>y</i><sup>3</sup> + <i>a</i><sub>4</sub><i>y</i><sup>4</sup> + <i>a</i><sub>5</sub><i>y</i><sup>5</sup>, <span>(y = bar y)</span> is an invariant straight line. At last, all global phase portraits are drawn on the Poincaré disk.</p>","PeriodicalId":6951,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Derivation of Expanded Isospectral-Nonisospectral Integrable Hierarchies via the Column-vector Loop Algebra","authors":"Hai-feng Wang, Yu-feng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10255-024-1047-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1047-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A scheme for generating nonisospectral integrable hierarchies is introduced. Based on the method, we deduce a nonisospectral hierarchy of soliton equations by considering a linear spectral problem. It follows that the corresponding expanded isospectral and nonisospectral integrable hierarchies are deduced based on a 6 dimensional complex linear space <span>(widetilde{mathbb{C}}^{6})</span>. By reducing these integrable hierarchies, we obtain the expanded isospectral and nonisospectral derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation. By using the trace identity, the bi-Hamiltonian structure of these two hierarchies are also obtained. Moreover, some symmetries and conserved quantities of the resulting hierarchy are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":6951,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Degree Condition for Graphs Having All (a, b)-parity Factors","authors":"Hao-dong Liu, Hong-liang Lu","doi":"10.1007/s10255-024-1090-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1090-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Let <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> be positive integers such that <i>a</i> ≤ <i>b</i> and <i>a</i> ≡ <i>b</i> (mod 2). We say that <i>G</i> has all (<i>a, b</i>)-parity factors if <i>G</i> has an <i>h</i>-factor for every function <i>h</i>: <i>V</i>(<i>G</i>) → {<i>a, a</i> + 2, ⋯, <i>b</i> − 2, <i>b</i>} with <i>b</i>∣<i>V</i>(<i>G</i>)∣ even and <i>h</i>(<i>v</i>) ≡ <i>b</i> (mod 2) for all <i>v</i> ∈ <i>V</i>(<i>G</i>). In this paper, we prove that every graph <i>G</i> with <i>n</i> ≥ 2(<i>b</i> + 1)(<i>a</i> + <i>b</i>) vertices has all (<i>a, b</i>)-parity factors if <i>δ</i>(<i>G</i>) ≥ (<i>b</i><sup>2</sup> − <i>b</i>)/<i>a</i>, and for any two nonadjacent vertices <span>(u,,v, in ,V,(G),,max {{d_G}(u),,{d_G}(v)} , ge {{bn} over {a + b}})</span>. Moreover, we show that this result is best possible in some sense.</p>","PeriodicalId":6951,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Strong Approximation for a Simple Reentrant Line in Light Traffic Under First-buffer First-served Service Discipline","authors":"Kai-ming Yang, Yong-jiang Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10255-024-1093-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10255-024-1093-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For a 2-station and 3-class reentrant line under first-buffer first-served (FBFS) service discipline in light traffic, we firstly construct the strong approximations for performance measures including the queue length, workload, busy time and idle time processes. Based on the obtained strong approximations, we use a strong approximation method to find all the law of the iterated logarithms (LILs) for the above four performance measures, which are expressed as some functions of system parameters: means and variances of interarrival and service times, and characterize the fluctuations around their fluid approximations.</p>","PeriodicalId":6951,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}