Acta Parasitologica最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of Actin-based Genotypes and Mycoplasma Endosymbionts of Trichomonas vaginalis Isolated in Sapporo, Japan","authors":"Tomohiro Yamazaki,&nbsp;Kyohei Sawai,&nbsp;Yuji Takahashi,&nbsp;Junji Matsuo","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00853-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00853-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><i>Trichomonas vaginali</i>s is a causative agent of common non-viral sexually transmitted infections worldwide. However, the biological features, such as genotypes and endosymbionts, of <i>T. vaginalis</i> isolated in Japan remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the actin-based genotypes and the endosymbionts of <i>T. vaginalis</i> isolated in Sapporo, Japan.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three <i>T. vaginalis</i> clinical strains were isolated in Sapporo, Japan between 2019 and 2022. Actin-based genotyping was conducted by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The endosymbionts, such as <i>Mycoplasma</i> sp. and Trichomonasvirus, were detected using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Furthermore, the detected <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the three <i>T. vaginalis</i> strains, two belonged to genotype E, whereas one was genotype G as determined by actin-based genotyping. Two of the <i>T. vaginalis</i> strains harbored <i>Mycoplasma</i> spp. Using nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing, both were identified as <i>Candidatus</i> Mycoplasma girerdii. In contrast, the Trichomonasvirus was not found in the <i>T. vaginalis</i> strains.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>To our knowledge, this is the first report on the characterization of actin-based genotypes and the presence of endosymbiotic <i>Ca.</i> M. girerdii in <i>T. vaginalis</i> strains in Japan. Thus, this study will provide an important impetus for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 2","pages":"1324 - 1328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141074567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strongylids of Domestic Horses in Eastern Slovakia: Species Diversity and Evaluation of Particular Factors Affecting Strongylid Communities","authors":"Tetiana A. Kuzmina,&nbsp;Alzbeta Königová,&nbsp;Ludmila Burcáková,&nbsp;Michal Babjak,&nbsp;Yaroslav Syrota","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00854-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00854-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to examine the species diversity and structure of the strongylid community in domestic horses in Eastern Slovakia. Also, an analysis of the impact of age, sex, and collection location factors on the strongyid communities was performed.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-seven horses 1.5–21 years old from two farms in eastern Slovakia with different horse-management conditions were studied. Strongylids were collected after horse treatments with Noromectin (0.2 mg ivermectin); 66,170 specimens were collected and identified. Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed following fenbendazole (FBZ) and ivermectin (IVM) treatments.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-four strongylid species were found; horses were infected with 6 to 16 (average = 11.7) species. Six cyathostomin species (<i>Cylicocyclus nassatus</i>, <i>Cyathostomum catinatum</i>, <i>C. pateratum</i>, <i>Cylicostephanus longibursatus</i>, <i>C. goldi</i>, <i>C. calicatus</i>) were the most prevalent; <i>C. catinatum</i> was the dominant species in both farms (Berger-Parker index 0.34 and 0.42). The structure of the strongylid community was multimodal with dominant, subdominant, background, and rare species. The Mantel test showed that horse age and sex did not significantly affect the nematode infracommunity composition (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), while the impact of the collection location (farm) was significant (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Additionally, <i>C. longibursatus</i> was identified as the species contributing significantly to the observed farm differences. Strong resistance to FBZ was documented on both farms (FECRT was 36.4% and 22.7%); IVM resistance was not observed (FECRT = 100%).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study presents the first report on the strongylids parasitizing domestic horses in Eastern Slovakia and gives basic information for further studies of horse parasites and their control in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 2","pages":"1284 - 1294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141074550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Parasitic Activities of Quinolone-Coumarin Hybrids Derived from Fluoroquinolones and Novobiocin Against Toxoplasma gondii","authors":"Saeed Emami,&nbsp;Mitra Sadeghi,&nbsp;Shayesteh Shahdin,&nbsp;Ahmad Daryani,&nbsp;Alireza Khalilian,&nbsp;Majid Pirestani,&nbsp;Seyed Abdollah Hosseini,&nbsp;Mahboobeh Montazeri,&nbsp;Zahra Hosseini Nejad,&nbsp;Shahabeddin Sarvi","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00852-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00852-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>). In immunocompetent individuals, the infection is often asymptomatic; however, in expectant mothers and those with immune system deficiencies, complications may arise. Consequently, there is a need for new drugs that cause minimal damage to host cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro antiparasitic efficacy of quinolone–coumarin hybrids <b>QC1–QC12</b>, derived from quinolone antibacterials and novobiocin, against <i>T. gondii</i>.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The derivatives were compared with novobiocin and ciprofloxacin during testing, with pyrimethamine used as a positive control. We conducted the MTT assay to examine the anti-toxoplasmic effects of the test compounds and novobiocin. Evaluation included the infection and proliferation indices, as well as the size and number of plaques, based on the viability of both healthy and infected cells.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The in vitro assays revealed that <b>QC1, QC3, QC6</b>, and novobiocin, with selectivity indices (SIs) of 7.27, 13.43, and 8.23, respectively, had the least toxic effect on healthy cells and the highest effect on infected cells compared to pyrimethamine (SI = 3.05). Compared to pyrimethamine, <b>QC1, QC3, QC6</b>, and novobiocin Without having a significant effect on cell viability, demonstrated a significant effect on reducing in both infection index and proliferation index, in addition to reducing the quantity and dimensions of plaques ( <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on our results, <b>QC1, QC3, QC6</b>, and novobiocin due to their significant therapeutic effects could be considered as potential new leads in the development of novel anti-<i>Toxoplasma</i> agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 2","pages":"1275 - 1283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunochromatography Lateral Flow Strip Enhancement Based on Passive Gold Nanoparticles Conjugation to Detect Schistosma haematobium Antigens in Human Serum","authors":"Mahmoud N. El-Shall,&nbsp;Ibrahim Aly,&nbsp;Alaa Samen,&nbsp;Wesam M. Salama,&nbsp;Fadi Baakdah","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00841-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00841-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to develop and evaluate a lateral flow card for the detection of active <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> infection.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In order to prepare the immunochromatography lateral flow strip (ICLFS), antibodies purified from schistosomiasis were conjugated passively with gold nanoparticles using a potassium carbonate buffer.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The novel ICLFS was able to correctly identify 64 out of 67 samples of schistosomiasis, 6 out of 90 samples of other parasites, and 0 out of 27 control samples. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were 95.5%, 93.3%, 90%, and 91.4% respectively. Comparatively, the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were 91.1%, 88.8%, 85.9%, and 84.4% respectively. The increased sensitivity and specificity of ICLFS produced superior results to those of sandwich ELISA.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, ICLFS is more beneficial and precise than sandwich ELISA for detection of <i>S. haematobium</i> infection at early stage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 2","pages":"1267 - 1274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA mmu-miR-511-5p: A promising Diagnostic Biomarker in Experimental Toxoplasmosis Using Different Strains and Infective Doses in Mice with Different Immune States Before and After Treatment","authors":"Rasha Fadly Mady,&nbsp;Mona Mohamed El-Temsahy,&nbsp;Yasmine Amr Issa,&nbsp;Aya Saied Zaghloul,&nbsp;Safaa Ibrahim Khedr","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00851-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00851-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Searching for a novel early diagnostic biomarker for toxoplasmosis, real-time-PCR was currently used to measure the serum mmu-miR-511-5p level in male Swiss-albino mice infected with either; ME49 or RH <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>) strains.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three mice groups were used; (GI) constituted the non-infected control group, while (GII) and (GIII) were experimentally infected with ME49 or RH strains, respectively. GII mice were orally infected using 10 or 20 ME49 cysts (ME-10 and ME-20), both were subdivided into; non-treated (ME-10-NT and ME-20-NT) and were further subdivided into; <i>immunocompetent</i> (ME-10-IC and ME-20-IC) [euthanized 3-days, 1, 2, 6 or 8-weeks post-infection (PI)], and <i>immunosuppressed</i> using two Endoxan^® injections (ME-10-IS and ME-20-IS) [euthanized 6- or 8-weeks PI], and spiramycin-treated (ME-10-SP and ME-20-SP) that received daily spiramycin, for one-week before euthanasia. GIII mice individually received 2500 intraperitoneal RH strain tachyzoites, then, were subdivided into; non-treated (RH-NT) [euthanized 3 or 5-days PI], and spiramycin-treated (RH-SP) that were euthanized 5 or 10-days PI (refer to the graphical abstract).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Revealed significant upregulation of mmu-miR-511-5p in GII, one-week PI, with gradually increased expression, reaching its maximum 8-weeks PI, especially in ME-20-NT group that received the higher infective dose. Immunosuppression increased the upregulation. Contrarily, treatment caused significant downregulation. GIII recorded significant upregulation 3-days PI, yet, treatment significantly decreased this expression.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Serum mmu-miR-511-5p is a sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis of ME49 and RH infection (as early as one-week and 3-days, respectively), and its expression varies according to <i>T. gondii</i> infective dose, duration of infection, spiramycin-treatment and host immune status.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 2","pages":"1253 - 1266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140920784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piperine Enhances Antimalarial Activity of Methyl Gallate and Palmatine Combination","authors":"Adegbenro P. Adegunloye,&nbsp;Joseph O. Adebayo","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00850-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00850-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Artemisinin combination therapies, the first-line antimalarials in Nigeria, have reportedly suffered multiple failures in malaria treatment, hence the search for novel combination of other compounds. Methyl gallate and palmatine have been reported to exhibit antiplasmodial activities but the antimalarial activity of their combination has not been evaluated. Therefore, the evaluation of the combination of methyl gallate and palmatine for antimalarial activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> in the presence of piperine was carried out.</p><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>The inhibitory potential of methyl gallate and palmatine combination on β-hematin (hemozoin) formation was studied <i>in vitro</i>. Also, the antimalarial activity of methyl gallate and palmatine combination with/without a bioenhancer (piperine) was evaluated in <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> NK65-infected mice.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Methyl gallate and palmatine in the ratio 3:2 acted synergistically <i>in vitro</i> and had the highest inhibitory effect (IC₅₀ = 0.73 µg/mL) on β-hematin (hemozoin) formation. The 3:2 combination of methyl gallate and palmatine exhibited no antimalarial activity <i>in vivo</i> in the absence of piperine but caused reduction in parasitemia that exceeded 40% in the presence of piperine at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight on days 6 and 8 post-inoculation in mice.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The 3:2 combination of methyl gallate and palmatine in the presence of piperine exhibited antimalarial activity <i>in vivo,</i> possibly by synergistic inhibition of hemozoin formation which may cause accumulation of haem within the food vacuole of <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. and its death.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 2","pages":"1244 - 1252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140846697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acaricidal Efficacy of Thirty-Five Egyptian Plants Against the Camel Tick, Hyalomma Dromedarii","authors":"Hanem F. Khater,&nbsp;Eman K. A. Bazh,&nbsp;Samah Abdel Gawad,&nbsp;Abdelfattah Selim,&nbsp;Hanan A. A. Taie,&nbsp;Ibrahim T. Radwan,&nbsp;Shawky A. Moustafa,&nbsp;Ameer A. Megahed,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Baz,&nbsp;Sahar A. Kandeel","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00801-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00801-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Alternative and affordable tick control strategies are crucial to control and prevent tick bites and tick-borne diseases.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, we evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of 35 aqueous plant extracts (17%) against the camel tick, <i>Hyalomma dromedarii</i>.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The phytochemical profile indicated the presence of various secondary substances. Plants were classified into three groups according to their mortality percentage 15 days post-treatment with 17%. This highly effective group (91%–95%) comprised <i>Ocimum basilicum</i>, <i>Mespilus germanica</i>, and <i>Viola alpine</i> followed by <i>Carum carvi</i>, <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> (peel), and <i>Peganum harmala.</i> A moderately effective group (80%–90%) included <i>Acacia nilotica</i>, <i>Apium graveolens</i>, <i>Capsicum annuum</i>, <i>Ceratonia siliqua</i>, <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> (seeds), <i>Equisetum arvense</i>, <i>Eruca sativa</i>, <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, <i>Plantago psyllium</i>, <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i>, <i>Punica granatum,</i> and <i>Ziziphus spinachristi</i>. The 20 remaining plants were assigned to the less effective group (&lt; 80%). <i>Viscum album</i> (58.3%), which was the least effective reference plant. The high potency of six plant extracts as acaricides may be attributed to the high content of active principles, e.g., phenols, flavonoids, and tannins.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>All of these highly effective plants are recommended for use as an acaricide, in case of facing acaricidal resistance or limited options for tick control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 2","pages":"1231 - 1243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential Oil of Piper marginatum (Piperaceae) Against Monogeneans, and Its Hematological and Histopathological Effects on Colossoma macropomum","authors":"Carliane Maria Guimarães Alves,&nbsp;Raimundo Rosemiro de Jesus Baia,&nbsp;Amanda Mendes Pacheco,&nbsp;Abthyllane Amaral de Carvalho,&nbsp;Vitor Araújo Farias,&nbsp;Marcela Nunes Videira,&nbsp;Francisco Célio Maia Chagas,&nbsp;Eliane Tie Oba Yoshioka,&nbsp;Marcos Tavares-Dias","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00847-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00847-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study investigated the anthelmintic efficacy of therapeutic baths with the essential oil of <i>Piper marginatum</i> Jacq against the monogeneans <i>Anacanthorus spathulatus </i> Kritsky, Thatcher &amp; Kayton, 1979, <i>Notozothecium janauachensis</i> Belmont-Jégu, Domingues &amp; Laterça 2004, <i>Mymarothecium boegeri</i> Cohen &amp; Kohn, 2005 and <i>Linguadactyloides brinkmanni</i> Thatcher &amp; Krytsky, 1983 in <i>Colossoma macropomum</i> Cuvier, 1818, and its hematological and histopathological effects on this fish.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Short six therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of the essential oil of <i>P. marginatum</i> and two control groups (water from the cultivation tank and water from the cultivation tank + 70% alcohol) were used for 20 min every two days.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of the essential oil of <i>P. marginatum</i> had efficacy of 42.8% against monogeneans of <i>C. macropomum</i> gills. Toxicity was low for <i>C. macropomum</i>, because there were few physiological and histopathological changes that did not compromise the functioning of the gills of this fish.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Short therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of the essential oil of <i>P. marginatum</i> had low efficacy for controlling monogeneans in <i>C. macropomum</i> and thus cannot be recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 2","pages":"1212 - 1218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification, Multigenic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Ctenocephalides Canis Fleas from Humans and Domestic Animals in Iran","authors":"Shahin Seidi,&nbsp;Mousa Tavassoli,&nbsp;Farnaz Malekifard,&nbsp;Mourad Ben Said","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00846-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00846-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fleas belonging to the Pulicidae are prevalent ectoparasites infesting mammals and birds in Iran. This study focused on genetically identifying and characterizing <i>Ctenocephalides canis</i> collected both off-host and infesting humans and various domestic animals in the country.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 918 adult flea samples were collected from 10 sites in western and northwestern Iran between April 2018 and May 2019. Out of these, 71 specimens were found off-host, while the remaining fleas were collected from humans (121), sheep (126), goats (184), and dogs (416). Morphological identification at the genus level was performed on all fleas, and ten selected specimens selected based on the sampling sites and hosts were subjected to molecular detection at the species level by using partial amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2, as well as the cytochrome oxidase I (COXI) markers.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The morphological identification confirmed all fleas as <i>Ctenocephalides</i> spp. Alignment and phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial partial sequences confirmed the presence of <i>C. canis</i>. However, molecular divergence was observed among the ten isolates based on the ITS1 and ITS2 with diversity rates estimated at 0.15% and 3.36%, respectively. Notably, the analysis of the COXI marker revealed no molecular divergence among the partial sequences representing the ten studied isolates from <i>C. canis</i>.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study explores the diversity of <i>C. canis</i> in the western and northwestern regions of Iran, providing insights into their molecular taxonomy and potential role as disease vectors in these areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 2","pages":"1219 - 1230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto and Echinococcus multilocularis in a Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) in Turkey: Further Evidence for Increased Risk of Alveolar Echinococcosis in Urban Areas","authors":"Muzaffer Akyuz,&nbsp;Ridvan Kirman,&nbsp;Esin Guven,&nbsp;Ibrahim Balkaya,&nbsp;Hamza Avcioglu","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00842-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00842-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this study was to identify <i>Echinococcus</i> species by morphological and molecular means.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A dead gray wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) was found near Erzurum province and brought to the parasitology laboratory. Sedimentation and counting technique (SCT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were conducted.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The SCT implications indicated that the wolf had a substantial worm burden (62,720 and 49,280 parasites) due to a co-infection of <i>E. granulosus s.l.</i> and <i>E. multilocularis.</i> Genus/species-specific PCR was used to analyze DNA extracted from adult worms and confirmed as <i>E. granulosus s.s.</i> and <i>E. multilocularis</i>, utilizing COI and 12S rRNA gene sequence analysis, respectively.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This report presents the first co-detection of <i>E. granulosus s.s.</i> and <i>E. multilocularis</i> in a gray wolf found in an urban area in a highly endemic area for human echinococcosis in northeastern Turkey. The results emphasize that AE is not only a problem of rural areas, but also occurs in urban areas, which may pose a threat to public health. Therefore, surveillance in urban areas is crucial. The need to develop new control strategies for domestic and wildlife in the study area is also highlighted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"69 2","pages":"1319 - 1323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-024-00842-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}