Acta Parasitologica最新文献

{"title":"Are There Atypical Leishmania Species Responsible for the Kala-Azar Persistence in Northeast Iran?","authors":"Reza Shafiei,&nbsp;Amir Azimian,&nbsp;Mahdi Mohebali,&nbsp;Zahra Badiei,&nbsp;Nima Firouzeh,&nbsp;Saber Raeghi","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01015-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01015-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Porpuse</h3><p>Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) is a severe form of leishmaniasis caused by protozoan parasites of the genus <i>Leishmania</i>.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>From 2013 to 2022, this study, molecular diagnosis was conducted on 50 pediatric bone marrow aspiration samples from northeast Iran, all of which had previously been confirmed to have visceral leishmaniasis. The ITS-rDNA gene and phylogenetic analysis were performed.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results revealed that 49 samples tested positive for <i>L. infantum</i> species, whereas 1 sample was identified as <i>L. major.</i> All three <i>L. infantum</i> isolates showed similar haplotypes, whereas the <i>L. major</i> isolate exhibited nucleotide differences in the sequence analyzed.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>It could be concluded that visceral manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children living in endemic areas should be considered a contributing factor to the development of HVL. The present study provides a relatively comprehensive snapshot of unusual <i>leishmania</i> species status that could be responsible for HVL development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-025-01015-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic Parasites in Hoplosternum littorale Acquired in the Market of Santa Clara, in the City of Iquitos, Loreto-Peru","authors":"Germán Augusto Murrieta Morey,&nbsp;Stephanie Geovana Reyes Llanos,&nbsp;Luciano Alfredo Rodriguez Chu,&nbsp;Avita Celeste Taricuarima Dreyfus,&nbsp;Luis Armando García Solsol,&nbsp;Roger Fernando Chuquipiondo Sánchez,&nbsp;Ehrlich Yam Llasaca Calizaya","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01019-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01019-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The present study aims to report zoonotic parasites in <i>Hoplosternum littorale</i> (Hancock, 1828), acquired in a fish market in the Peruvian Amazon.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Forty specimens of <i>H. littorale</i> with an average size of 12.3 ± 2.5 cm and weight 58.3 ± 10 g were acquired in the “Santa Clara” Market, in the city of Iquitos, Loreto-Peru. Fish samples were taken alive, placed in plastic bags with water, and transported to the laboratory of “Parasitologia y Sanidad Acuicola” of “Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana” in Iquitos, Peru for analyses.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Two groups of endoparasites were identified: Trematoda, with specimens of <i>Clinostomum</i> sp. parasitizing the musculature and skin, and Nematoda, with specimens of <i>Eustrongylides</i> sp. parasitizing the intestine.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings of the present study constitute a health risk in the event of accidental ingestion of any of these parasites. Socialization campaigns on the dangers of raw or undercooked fish consumption should be implemented by the competent authorities to guarantee the health of the Amazonian population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-025-01019-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasiticidal Activity of Citral Against Enteromyxum leei (myxozoa: myxosporea) in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","authors":"Jiwon Kim,&nbsp;Seonyoung Yoon,&nbsp;Sheikh Mansoor,&nbsp;Chul-Yeon Jung,&nbsp;Chang Sook Kim,&nbsp;Kyung-Hwan Boo","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01011-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01011-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Myxosporean parasites pose a serious challenge in the aquaculture industry, particularly for species such as olive flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>). Infected fish can experience a range of health issues including stunted growth, degraded flesh quality, and a high mortality rate, significantly impacting farmers and the entire industry. This study explored the effectiveness of essential oil as potential parasiticidal agents against myxosporean parasite infections in olive flounder. Using molecular techniques, we identified <i>Enteromyxum leei</i> as the causative agent of myxosporean parasite infection, and screened essential oils for parasiticidal activity. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that treatment with one essential oil, citral, at 100 µg/mL achieved a parasiticidal rate of ~ 20% after 6 h, which increased to ~ 85% after 12 h of treatment. The parasiticidal rate with 250 µg/mL citral was ~ 60% after 6 h and 100% after 12 h. The results suggest that citral treatment at 100 µg/mL or higher for durations exceeding 12 h could effectively kill <i>E. leei</i> parasites. This study provides a molecular-based technique for determining <i>E. leei</i> infectivity in flounder, and highlights the promising parasiticidal properties of citral as a potential therapeutic agent in aquaculture management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of Green Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles Against Hydatid Disease Through Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis","authors":"Zafer Saad Alshehri,&nbsp;Abdullah D. Alanazi,&nbsp;Hanadi B. A. Baghdadi","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01013-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01013-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to green synthesized copper nanoparticles (CNP) using <i>Lupinus arcticus</i> extract and assess the protoscolicidal effects and the effectiveness of these nanoparticles in experimental animal settings to combat hydatid cysts.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The protoscolicidal properties of CNP were examined in vitro on hydatid cyst PS via the eosin exclusion assay. The in vivo effectiveness of CNP at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day for 28 days on hydatid cyst-infected mice was determined by assessing the number, size, weight of hydatid cysts the gene expression levels of caspase-3, antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) in the infected mice were also assessed by Real-time PCE.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Analyses revealed that the CNP had a spherical shape, ranging in size from 10 to 85 nm. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for CNP against protoscoleces ranged from 39.9 to 341.3 µg/mL. Caspase-3 gene expression in the PS treated with CNP at 1/3 IC50, ½ IC50, and IC50 was 1.79-, 3.11-, and 5.39-fold change (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Upon administration of CNP, particularly at doses of 80 mg/kg, a significant decrease (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) in hydatid cysts’ quantity, size, and weight was evident. CNP treatment caused a notable reduction in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines and increased the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas it modulated the serum levels of liver function parameters.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study indicated the potential of green-synthesized CNP for eliminating the protoscoleces and in managing hydatid cysts through leveraging its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Nevertheless, additional investigations are necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action and evaluate its effectiveness in clinical trials.</p><h3>Clinical Trial Number</h3><p>Not applicable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Reported Case of Accidental Gastric Myiasis Caused by Gasterophilus Larvae in a Gray Wolf","authors":"Rabiga Uakhit,&nbsp;Christian Bauer,&nbsp;Ainura Smagulova,&nbsp;Vladimir Kiyan","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01012-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01012-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Myiasis is the infestation of living vertebrates by larvae (“maggots”) of dipterous flies. These include the <i>Gasterophilus</i> species (Oestridae). Their larvae are obligate endoparasites of equids, and their third instar larvae remain in specific areas of the gastrointestinal tract for many months. Non-equids are unsuitable hosts for <i>Gasterophilus</i> spp. However, their larvae have occasionally been found in the digestive tracts of carnivores and scavengers; this is known as accidental myiasis.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A gray wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) hunted near a settlement in northern Kazakhstan in February 2023 was necropsied. Its stomach, which was otherwise empty, contained four cylindrical, cream-coloured maggots, approximately 15 mm long, attached to the gastric mucosa.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The maggots were identified morphologically as second and third instar <i>Gasterophilus</i> larvae and molecularly as <i>Gasterophilus pecorum</i>.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This is the first reported case of accidental gastric myiasis in wolves. The causative species, <i>Gasterophilus pecorum</i>, is a common parasite of equids in Asian countries. The larvae must have survived the ingestion process intact and remained attached to the wolf’s stomach wall with cephalopharyngeal hooks for a prolonged period of time, lasting from more than half a day to several days.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-025-01012-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Analyses of 4 Cases of Microsporidial Keratoconjunctivitis","authors":"Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Shanshan Xu,&nbsp;Yingnan Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01010-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01010-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To report four cases of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis (MKC) from The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (from May 2023 to October 2024) and to aid ophthalmologists in diagnosing and treating MKC, as MKC has been increasingly reported in Asian healthy individuals but not much in Mainland China.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Four patients with MKC were studied. Demographic information, symptoms, and clinical data were collected. Diagnosis involved ophthalmic examinations, corneal scraping microscopy (including Giemsa staining, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, Calcofour white staining), bacterial and fungal cultures, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Treatment included various topical medications like polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), fluconazole, tacrolimus, sodium hyaluronate, and systemic medication such as albendazole.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Three cases were caused by Encephalitozoon hellem proved by mNGS. Patients had symptoms like eye redness, swelling, pain, foreign body sensation, and vision loss. Risk factors included improper contact lens - wearing habits, contact with birds, or exposure to potentially contaminated environments. All patients showed improvements after treatment, with 3 cases cured and 1 case improved.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>MKC is a unilateral, acute, non-purulent ocular surface infectious disease. Clinicians should be more aware of it. Diagnosis depends on recognizing clinical signs, exploring risk factors, and laboratory tests. There is no consensus on treatment, but combined topical and systemic anti-protozoal drugs showed good results. Further large-scale validation is needed. Relevant departments should strengthen water source management, and patients should pay attention to personal hygiene.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-025-01010-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Myxobolus (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) from the Gill Arch of the Western Creek Chubsucker, Erimyzon claviformis (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae), in Arkansas, USA","authors":"Chris T. McAllister,&nbsp;Donald G. Cloutman,&nbsp;Eric M. Leis,&nbsp;Alvin C. Camus,&nbsp;Henry W. Robison","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01001-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01001-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>No myxosporean species has been fully described from the gill of the western creek chubsucker, <i>Erimyzon claviformis</i> (Girard, 1856). Here, we report from morphometric, histopathological, and DNA sequence data on a new species of <i>Myxobolus</i> Bütschli, 1882 from the gill arch of <i>E. claviformis</i> from the Red River drainage, Arkansas, USA.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Between June 2021 and September 2022, 49 <i>E. claviformis</i> were taken with a backpack electrofisher from various watersheds in Calhoun, Columbia, Polk, and Sevier counties, Arkansas, USA, and McCurtain County, Oklahoma, USA, and their gills were examined macroscopically for myxozoan parasites. Gill samples with visible plasmodia were placed in individual vials containing 10% neutral-buffered formalin and 95% molecular grade ethanol. Morphometric analysis and photographic documentation was performed on plasmodia and released myxospores. <i>SSU</i> rRNA gene sequencing was performed on free myxospores, and intact gill tissue was evaluated for associated histopathologic changes.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Two of seven (29%) <i>E. claviformis</i> from Sevier County, Arkansas, were found to harbor plasmodia on the gill arches which yielded myxospores of a new species of <i>Myxobolus</i>. Myxospores of <i>Myxobolus girardi</i> n. sp. were orbicular to broadly elliptoid, with two ovoid to pyriform polar capsules. Two previous myxozoans found on gill lamellae reported only as <i>Myxobolus</i> sp. “A” and “B” and the new species can readily be distinguished from both of them by size and shape. <i>Myxobolus girardi</i> n. sp. was found to be most genetically similar (99.3%) to <i>Myxobolus stuartae</i> McAllister, Cloutman, Camus, Trauth, Ray, Robison, and Whipps, 2022 which infects the fins of <i>E. claviformis</i>, but at percentages considered to be representative of interspecific variation for the <i>SSU</i> rRNA gene.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This is the first gill infecting myxosporean described from <i>E. claviformis</i> and adds to our growing knowledge of these parasites from catostomid fishes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-025-01001-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila) infection in zoo-housed arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus)","authors":"Martin Polotzek,&nbsp;Floris van der Neut,&nbsp;Perrine Keiser,&nbsp;Zoë Tess Lara Lindhorst,&nbsp;Ann-Kathrin Kühling,&nbsp;Stephan Hering-Hagenbeck,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Fuehrer,&nbsp;David Ebmer","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01003-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01003-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><i>Eucoleus aerophilus</i> (syn. <i>Capillaria aerophila</i>) (Nematoda: Capillariidae) is a common endoparasite of free-ranging canids. In zoological gardens, reports on <i>E. aerophilus</i>-infections are scarce. We here present a case series of <i>E. aerophilus</i> infections in zoo-held arctic foxes with the aim to provide assistance for zoo veterinarians for future cases.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of five zoo-born and -housed arctic foxes (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) were presented with coughing periods and strong phlegm, four of them showing rapid deteriorations at different time points including dyspnoea leading to death. Coproscopical analysis of pooled and individual faecal samples and necropsies were performed.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Faecal analysis showed shedding of typical capillariid eggs, which corroborated the suspicion of respiratory capillariosis. Multiple attempts of deworming using different anthelmintic treatment protocols (fenbendazole; milbemycinoxime and praziquantel; ivermectin; levamisole; selamectin; moxidectin and imidacloprid) did neither result in negative egg shedding periods nor in improvement of clinical symptoms. A regime performed with fenbendazole (100 mg/kg bodyweight per os over 14 days) resulted in cessation of egg shedding. At necropsy of four animals, multifocal chronical granulomatous pneumonia was diagnosed, associated with a massive infection with adult nematodes detected in trachea, bronchi and bronchioles and bacterial infections. Morphological analysis of extracted nematodes identified <i>E. aerophilus</i>, which was confirmed by molecular analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We here show clinical and necropsy data and morphological and molecular worm identifications and call for further parasitological research in ex situ populations of arctic foxes to assess the impact of parasites on this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Eimeria Species in Chicken: Coprological Prevalence, Gross Pathological Lesion and Pathoanatomical Species Identification in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Seid Kassaw,&nbsp;Seid Abdela,&nbsp;Asnakew Mulaw Berihun","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01000-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01000-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><i>Eimeria</i> species are a prevalent coccidian parasite impacting chicken production, leading to substantial economic losses in Ethiopia’s poultry sector. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of <i>Eimeria</i> species, assess associated risk factors, and identify prevalent <i>Eimeria</i> species and gross lesions.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to May 2024 in the South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. 516 chickens were randomly selected and examined for coccidian oocysts using the flotation technique. Patho-anatomical examinations were performed on 60 positive chickens to identify the various <i>Eimeria</i> species of chicken further. Binary logistic regression was utilized to calculate the odds ratios for associated risk factors.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The overall prevalence of chicken coccidiosis in this study was 20.3% (105/516). Age (AOR = 0.46, P = 0.001) and breed (AOR = 1.73, P = 0.023) were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of coccidiosis (P &lt; 0.05). However, no statistically significant associations were observed with sex, study area, or management practices (P &gt; 0.05), although the management system was considered a confounding factor. The most important identified <i>Eimeria</i> species were <i>E. tenella</i> (21.95%), <i>E. brunetti</i> (19.51%), <i>E. acervulina</i> (17.07%), <i>E. necatrix</i> (14.63%), and <i>E. maxima</i> (4.88%).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings indicated that Eimeria-caused coccidiosis is a growing challenge to poultry production in South Gondar, highlighting the need for targeted control measures and improved management practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-Parasite Interactions and Integrated Management Strategies for Ecytonucleospora Hepatopenaei Infection in Shrimp","authors":"Balasubramanian Haridevamuthu,&nbsp;Gokul Sudhakaran,&nbsp;Rajakrishnan Rajagopal,&nbsp;Ahmed Alfarhan,&nbsp;Aziz Arshad,&nbsp;Jesu Arockiaraj","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01007-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01007-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei</i> (EHP) is a major parasitic pathogen in shrimp causing hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis, which leads to significant growth retardation and global economic losses. This pathogen employs various immune evasion strategies that complicate treatment and management.</p><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This review examines the complex host-parasite interactions, focusing on the immune evasion mechanisms used by EHP. The study explores how EHP manipulates host immune pathways, including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, Toll, and IMD, to suppress immune responses, inhibit antimicrobial peptide production, and avoid detection, thus ensuring its persistence in the host.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The authors reviewed recent research from databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including studies up to 2024. The keywords <i>Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei</i>, immune evasion, EHP treatment, and associated words with topics were used in this search.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>EHP induces oxidative stress, which weakens the host immune system while simultaneously upregulating antioxidant responses to favor its survival. The parasite also alters the gut microbiota and disrupts key cellular processes, such as cell cycle regulation, further enhancing its ability to sustain infection.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This review highlights the need for integrated management strategies, including disease-resistant breeding, microbiota modulation, and advanced diagnostics, to combat EHP. By providing an overview of EHP’s immune evasion tactics, this study aims to advance knowledge in the field and support efforts to improve shrimp health and aquaculture sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}