Acta Parasitologica最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Hysterothylacium Sp. (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) on the Nutritive Reserves of the Triglid Fish, Chelidonichthys Lucerna (Actinopterygii: Triglidae) from North Tunisian Coast (Central Mediterranean)","authors":"Jihène Jouini,&nbsp;Mariem Tir,&nbsp;Mhamed El Cafsi,&nbsp;Lamia Gargouri","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01036-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01036-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Parasitism influences the metabolic and physiological processes of host organisms and potentially affects their health and reproductive capabilities. This study examines the impact of the nematode parasite <i>Hysterothylacium</i> sp. on nutritive reserves of <i>Chelidonichthys lucerna</i>.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Total lipid, fatty acids, protein, and glycogen contents in the liver and ovary of parasitized were compared to unparasitized female <i>C. lucerna</i> during the pre-spawning period.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study revealed that total lipid content in the liver in parasitized female pre-spawns is statistically lower than the unparasitized specimens. The same applies to fatty acid contents, which are generally lower in parasitized fish at the level of the two organs studied, liver and ovary. The comparison of protein content in parasitized and unparasitized fish showed a lower content in parasitized ovary and liver, but that was not statistically proven. Regarding glycogen, the parasite did not influence the carbohydrate content of the ovary but doubled that of the liver in parasitized specimens.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings suggest that parasitism particularly affects lipids, fatty acids and glycogen reserves in the liver and gonads of <i>C. lucerna</i>, with potential consequences for the fish’s reproductive capacity. Further research is needed to assess the long-term effects of parasitism on fish metabolism during other reproductive stages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Record of Pleurocrypta petrolisthis Markham, 1988 (Isopoda, Bopyridae) Parasitizing a Porcelain Crab (Porcellanidae) from Brazil, with Notes on Morphology and Ecology","authors":"Amanda P. Horch,&nbsp;Caio Santos Nogueira,&nbsp;Rafael Carvalho Santos,&nbsp;Rodrigo Guéron,&nbsp;Karmine Pasinatto,&nbsp;Rogerio Caetano Costa,&nbsp;Isabela R. R. Moraes","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01031-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01031-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Isopods of the genus <i>Pleurocrypta</i> Hesse, 1865 are branchial parasites of squat lobsters and porcelain crabs. Here, we record <i>Ple. petrolisthis</i> Markham, 1988 from Brazil for the first time, infesting the porcelain crab <i>Petrolisthes galathinus</i> (Bosc, 1801), and provide new morphological and ecological data.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Samplings were conducted in Pernambuco and São Paulo, Brazil, between 2021 and 2022, using active and passive methods. Illustrations of <i>Ple. petrolisthis</i> were made with a drawing tube mounted on a stereomicroscope and a compound microscope, then traced using Adobe Illustrator. Statistical analyses were conducted on prevalence, side preference and the relationship between parasite and host size.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Specimens conform well with the original description of <i>Ple. petrolisthis</i>, with few morphological differences in the females. In the males, the segmentation of pleon varied from fully fused to five-segmented, and the maxillipeds are present. Prevalence is higher than for other species of <i>Pleurocrypta</i>, and no preference for side of the branchial chamber was observed. Parasite size influenced host size, probably due to the deformation of the carapace in infested hosts.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study expands the distribution of <i>Ple. petrolisthis</i> from its type locality in Bonaire to Brazil. The variation in the pleon segmentation of the males is described for the first time, and the presence of maxillipeds is added to the original description. This is the first study to provide ecological data for any of the Western Atlantic species of <i>Pleurocrypta</i>, widening our knowledge of the relationship between bopyrids and their hosts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of Benzimidazole Resistance Associated with the F200Y Polymorphism in the β-Tubulin Gene of Ancylostoma caninum: First Report from India","authors":"Deepa Soman,&nbsp;R. Radhika,&nbsp;Bindu Lakshmanan,&nbsp;Asha Rajagopal,&nbsp;M. N. Priya,&nbsp;K. Syamala,&nbsp;Arun George","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01030-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01030-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The study aimed to detect benzimidazole (BZ) resistance in <i>Ancylostoma caninum</i> in dogs from Thrissur district, Kerala, India, using amplification refractory mutation system- polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). The primary objective was to determine the presence and frequency of mutations at codon 200 of the isotype-1 <i>β-tubulin</i> gene, associated with BZ resistance, in adult worms and infective larvae.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 75 adult <i>A. caninum</i> worms were collected during post-mortem, and 280 infective larvae (L3) from 35 faecal samples positive for strongyle ova were obtained from various locations. Amplification of the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene at codon 200 was performed by ARMS PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing to confirm of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genotypes were analysed using EMBOSS and NCBI BLAST tools.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>All 75 adult worms exhibited the homozygous susceptible genotype at codon 200. Out of 280 larvae genotyped, two were homozygous resistant, one was heterozygous, and 277 were homozygous susceptible. The overall frequencies of the resistant (TAC) and susceptible (TTC) alleles were 0.01 and 0.99, respectively. Both homozygous and heterozygous resistant larvae were found in a household with recurring ancylostomosis. No mutations were observed at codon 198.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study identified a low frequency of BZ-resistant alleles in <i>A. caninum</i> larvae in Thrissur, Kerala, marking the first such report in India. Although resistance remains at an early stage, ongoing monitoring is essential to mitigate its spread in the canine population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Hydatid Cyst Fluid on the Expression of microRNAs Involved in Liver Fibrosis","authors":"Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mahdavi,&nbsp;Nasim Eslami,&nbsp;Sara Nemati,&nbsp;Hamed Mirjalali","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01024-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01024-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Hydatidosis is a zoonotic neglected disease caused by the larval stage of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>. Evidence suggests a communication between hydatid cyst (HC) and hosts via extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, a little is known about the communication between EVs derived from HC fluid (HCF) and host cells. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of HCF derived EVs on expression of fibrotic and anti-fibrotic miRNAs in THP-1 cell line.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In the current study, EVs were isolated using ultracentrifugation from wild-infected sheep HCF and characterized by western blot, electron microscope, and size distribution analysis. The effects of EVs on the expression levels of microRNAs (mir-16, mir-29a, and mir-155) involved in liver fibrosis were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), 3 and 24 h after incubation.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Western blot analyses confirmed the expression of CD63 marker, while Calnexin and CD81 were absent in EVs samples. The SEM and morphology revealed round shape vesicles. The DLS analysis showed average size distribution 130.6 nm diameter. The expression levels of mir-16 and mir-29a were significantly upregulated after 3 h for 8.66 and 3.420, respectively, while they were significantly downregulated after 24 h for 3.853 and 1.859, respectively.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The main mechanism of the communication between EVs derived from HCF and their host remains unclear. Our results suggest that HC may modulate the expression of miRNAs, involved in liver fibrosis via EVs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acanthamoeba spp.: Neglected Protists in Veterinary Medicine","authors":"Somayeh Bahrami,&nbsp;Mehdi Zarei,&nbsp;Fiona L. Henriquez,&nbsp;Chukwunonso O. Nzelu","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01023-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01023-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Propose</h3><p><i>Acanthamoeba</i>spp. are widespread free-living protists found in various natural and man-made habitats. At times, they can become parasitic, leading to conditions such as <i>Acanthamoeba</i> keratitis (AK), granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), and systemic infections in humans and animals. In veterinary medicine, infections caused by <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp. are frequently underdiagnosed, necessitating a high degree of clinical vigilance and laboratory technical skill for accurate diagnosis and treatment.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This review aimed to provide an overview of documented natural infections in animals with <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp. to enhance veterinary professionals' awareness of these organisms' potential risks.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This review records natural infections of animals with <i>Acanthamoeba</i> and its interaction with pathogenic bacteria, highlighting the importance of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> spp. in veterinary medicine.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Acanthamebiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of systemic diseases, especially with neurologic involvement. Since this neglected infection can impact the lives and livelihoods of many animals, informing veterinarians and animal owners is necessary.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Investigation of Anaplasma spp. and Genotype Profile of A. ovis in Sheep from Different Farms in Türkiye","authors":"Özge Dülek,&nbsp;Çağrı Kandemir,&nbsp;Ecem Su Koçkaya,&nbsp;Ecem Sürgeç,&nbsp;Mervenur Güvendi,&nbsp;Muhammet Karakavuk,&nbsp;Aysu Değirmenci Döşkaya,&nbsp;Özlem Günay-Esiyok,&nbsp;Turgay Taşkın,&nbsp;Mert Döşkaya,&nbsp;Cemal Ün,&nbsp;Adnan Yüksel Gürüz,&nbsp;Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu,&nbsp;Sedef Erkunt Alak,&nbsp;Erkan Pehlivan,&nbsp;H. Deniz Şireli,&nbsp;Serdar Koçak,&nbsp;Ömer Faruk Yılmaz,&nbsp;Hüseyin Can","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01021-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01021-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease which is caused by different <i>Anaplasma</i> species. Among <i>Anaplasma</i> species, <i>A. ovis</i> which can infect sheep and goats cause ovine anaplasmosis. In this study, the prevalence of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. was investigated in 31 different breeds of sheep from different regions of Türkiye.</p><h3>Method</h3><p><i>Anaplasma</i> spp. was investigated by PCR targeting <i>MSP-4</i> gene in blood samples of sheep breeds (n = 366) collected from different regions of Türkiye. Also, some <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. positive samples were sequenced for species identification and sub-cluster analyses.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The molecular prevalence of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. was 43.9% (161/366). In Anatolian Merino (n = 10) and Akkaraman (n = 11) breeds, the molecular prevalence of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. reached to 100%. Also, the highest molecular prevalence was detected in Black Sea region by 70% (28/40) and the lowest molecular prevalence was detected in Marmara region by 32% (16/50). While the prevalence of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. was 59.7% in sheep produced in the extensive system, it was found as 39.2% and 9.8% in sheep produced in semi-extensive and intensive systems, respectively. Accordingly, these findings suggest that the production of sheep in the intensive system protects them from tick-borne diseases, which are of great economic importance. According to BLAST results, all sequenced <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. positive samples (n = 29) were identified as <i>A. ovis</i>. Also, mixed infections were detected in 6 positive samples. The phylogenetic tree constructed by 38 sequence data showed the presence of three different sub-clusters for <i>A. ovis</i> (Sub-cluster 1, 2, and 3). Sub-cluster 2 was found as the most prevalent sub-cluster with 42.1% frequency compared to the other sub-clusters.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study showed that sheep grown in different regions of Türkiye have a high molecular prevalence value for <i>Anaplasma</i> spp.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-025-01021-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Diversity of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants in Iran: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Alireza Ghorbani,&nbsp;Raha Jannati,&nbsp;Mohamad Amin Iranmanesh,&nbsp;Sogand Moghiminejad Davarani,&nbsp;Pedram Kaveh,&nbsp;Rozhin Lashkarbolouki,&nbsp;Masoud Foroutan,&nbsp;Davood Anvari,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Darvishi,&nbsp;Parham Rahmanian,&nbsp;Mohammad Arad Zandieh,&nbsp;Hamidreza Majidiani","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01025-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01025-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Gastrointestinal nematodiasis is a significant challenge in small ruminant breeding. The present systematic review and meta-analysis shed light on the frequency and distribution of the infection in a nationwide perspective.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The review used 34 animal level datasets retrieved from 26 published articles and the pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects model analysis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Altogether, 9690 small ruminants were examined post-mortem or by coproscopy, among which 4193 animals were infected with GINs, showing a weighted prevalence of 55% (95% CI 44–66%). Reports were documented in 12 provinces with the highest frequency in Eastern Azerbaijan (77%), Kermanshah (76.04%), and Guilan (71.62%). Moreover, the highest prevalences were estimated among goats [61% (95% CI 48–74%)] and in coproscopy [67% (95% CI 57–78%)]. The reported GINs represented 15 genera, including <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>, <i>Marshallagia marshalli</i>, <i>Trichuris</i> spp., <i>Trichostrongylus</i> spp., Ostertaginae species<i>, Gongylonema pulchrum</i>, <i>Nematodirus</i> spp., <i>Parabronema skrjabini</i>, <i>Skrjabinema ovis</i>, <i>Chabertia ovina</i>, <i>Cooperia punctata</i>, <i>Camelostrongylus mentulatus</i>, <i>Bunostomum trigonocephalum</i>, and <i>Oesophagostomum venulosum</i>. The most isolated nematode species in sheep and goats belonged to <i>H. contortus</i> [7.44% (95% CI 6.78–8.13%] and <i>Trichuris</i> spp. [18.42% (95% CI 16.54–20.41%)].</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A considerable parasitic prevalence was calculated in small ruminants in Iran, demanding strategic interventions for better control the GIN infections and decrease the worms burden and their consequences in sheep and goat population in Iran.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing of a Multi-Epitope Antigen for Toxocariasis Diagnosis: An in Silico Approach","authors":"Negar Asadi,&nbsp;Leila Navapour,&nbsp;Navid Mogharrab,&nbsp;Elham Yousefi,&nbsp;Shahram Khademvatan,&nbsp;Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01027-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01027-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Toxoariasis is recognized as one of the most widespread diseases affecting both animals and humans, exhibiting a global distribution. In light of the public health challenges it poses, particularly for children infected with Toxocara canis, the development of effective diagnostic tests or vaccines is of paramount importance. Serological methods are routinely employed to detect specific anti-Toxocara antibodies in infected individuals. This bioinformatics study aims to formulate a multi-epitope protein for Toxocara canis, leveraging various immunoinformatics web servers to enhance the accuracy of serodiagnosis.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The identification of linear and conformational B-cell epitopes for the antigens TES-26, TES-30, and TES-120 was conducted using the ABCpred and BepiPred servers. Various web servers were employed to evaluate antigenicity, solubility, and physicochemical properties, as well as to examine secondary and tertiary structures, enhance the three-dimensional model, and confirm the findings.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This process led to the identification of conformational B-cell epitopes, aimed at exploring possible protein-antibody interactions.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Ultimately, further experimental investigations are essential for this multi-epitope construct before it can be incorporated into commercial serodiagnosis kits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administration of Trichinella spiralis Antigens Alleviated Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetic Mice","authors":"Asmaa M. El-kady,&nbsp;Sarah A. Altwaim,&nbsp;Haleema H. Albohiri,&nbsp;Majed H. Wakid,&nbsp;Khalil Mohamed,&nbsp;Eman Abdullah Alshehri,&nbsp;Hayam Elshazly,&nbsp;Hatem A. Elshabrawy,&nbsp;Dina hamed","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01016-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01016-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among individuals with diabetes, highlighting the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies to combat this condition. Prior research has indicated that <i>T. spiralis</i> possesses hypoglycemic properties. In this investigation, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of <i>T. spiralis</i> antigens, derived from both adult and larval forms, in treating diabetic nephropathy in alloxan-induced diabetic mice (AIDM).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of forty Swiss albino mice were allocated into four groups, each consisting of ten mice. Diabetes was induced in three of the groups using alloxan, while one group served as a control without diabetes. Two diabetic groups received treatment with either crude larva (CLA) antigen or adult worm antigen (AWA), while one group remained untreated. The study assessed various parameters, including fasting blood glucose levels, blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum albumin across all groups. Additionally, histopathological examinations of the kidneys were conducted. </p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results indicated that treatment with CLA or AWA antigens led to a significant reduction in blood glucose, serum creatinine, and blood urea levels, alongside an increase in serum albumin. Notably, the administration of AWA antigens resulted in substantial improvements in renal pathological changes induced by diabetes, as evidenced by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining, which also demonstrated a reduction in fibrosis. </p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings suggest that <i>T. spiralis</i> antigens may mitigate renal damage in diabetic mice by alleviating hyperglycemia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, warranting further investigation into their potential role in preventing DN in diabetic patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-025-01016-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and Genotypic Diversity of Theileria annulata among Bovines Based Upon Tams1 Gene in India","authors":"Rashmi Malik,&nbsp;Biswa Ranjan Maharana,&nbsp;Anita Ganguly,&nbsp;Sukhdeep Vohra,&nbsp;Binod Kumar,&nbsp;Ankit Kumar,&nbsp;Harpreet Singh,&nbsp;Sandeep Potliya,&nbsp;Sujoy Khanna,&nbsp;Subhasish Sahu","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01014-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01014-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Bovine theileriosis, caused by <i>Theileria annulata</i>, presents a significant economic challenge to India’s livestock industry. This study investigates the molecular epidemiology of <i>T. annulata</i> in bovine populations from Haryana, India, focusing on the genetic diversity of the Tams1 gene (785 bp).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The prevalence of <i>T. annulata</i> was evaluated in 800 blood samples using microscopy and PCR techniques, specifically targeting SSU rRNA and <i>Tams1</i> genes. Genetic diversity among <i>T. annulata</i> isolates was analyzed through DNA sequencing and phylogenetic studies. Additionally, the impact of various risk factors on <i>T. annulata</i> infection was assessed.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Microscopy revealed that 29.25% (117/400) of cattle and 2.75% (11/400) of buffalo were detected positive for <i>Theileria</i> spp. in Giemsa-stained blood smears. The <i>Theileria</i> genus-specific primers amplified a 1098 bp fragment of the SSU rRNA gene in 39.5% (158/400) cattle and 6% (24/400) buffalo. The <i>T. annulata-</i>specific PCR targeting the partial <i>Tams1</i> gene revealed a prevalence rate of 37% (148/400) in cattle and 3.5% (14/400) in buffalo. A genetic analysis of the <i>Tams1</i> gene in 389 sequences, including 14 <i>T. annulata</i> isolates from Haryana (8 from cattle, 6 from buffaloes), revealed significant variation within Indian <i>T. annulata</i> parasites. Analysis of <i>Tams1</i> gene sequences (389 from 16 countries) revealed 35 haplotypes globally, with four identified from the 14 isolates sequenced in this study. Nucleotide homology among 14 northern Indian isolates ranged from 89.46–100%, compared to a broader range of 78.42–100% when global sequences were included. Among 35 haplotypes, Hap_1 is the most dominant and shows geographic clustering. Globally, low genetic distance (Fst &lt; 0.15) and high gene flow (Nm &gt; 1) were observed among the five populations (South Asia, East Asia, West Asia, Europe, and Africa), suggesting minimal genetic differentiation among <i>T. annulata</i> populations. Negative values in Tajima’ s D (-1.21941) and Li’s F (-2.97801) tests suggest recent population expansion. Risk factors such as age, sex, and host species are significantly associated with <i>T. annulata</i> infection.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study offers comprehensive insights into <i>T. annulata</i> genetic diversity, population structure, and haplotype networks using the <i>Tams1</i> gene.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}