Acta Parasitologica最新文献

{"title":"Endoparasites of Adelophryne nordestina (Anura, Eleutherodactylidae) from the Northern Atlantic Forest of Brazil.","authors":"Cicero Ricardo de Oliveira, Laiana Carla de Moura, Ednilza Maranhão Dos Santos, Igor Joventino Roberto","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01060-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-025-01060-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpouse: </strong>We aimed to investigate the diversity of endoparasites in the anuran Adelophryne nordestina and the influence of morphological characteristics and seasonality on the prevalence and composition of parasites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was carried out in the Professor João Vasconcelos Sobrinho Municipal Natural Park (PNPJV), State of Pernambuco, Brazil, where 85 individuals of A. nordestina were collected from December 2021 to September 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 85 specimens of A. nordestina, 20 were infected with at least one species of endoparasite (overall prevalence: 23.3%). We recorded a total of 53 helminths distributed among three taxa. The lung was the organ with the highest number of parasites (47 individuals, 89%). No correlation was found between the parasites and the body size (SVL) of the hosts (r2 = 0.012; p = 0.561). Regarding the prevalence of infected individuals, parasitism was related to the sex of the hosts (F = 2.656; p = 0.002), with females being more parasitized than males (r2 = 0.013; p = 0.023). As for seasonality, we observed a positive relationship with the rainy season (p = 0.008). We also found that parasite richness was directly influenced by local rainfall in each month of sampling (r2 = 0.861; p = 0.0003); however, we did not observe a relationship between parasite abundance and humidity (r2 = 0.017; p = 0.656) and/or temperature (r2 = 0.028; p = 0.354).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The parasite composition of A. nordestina follows the same pattern as its congeners, with a predominance of nematodes with a monoxenic life cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Molecular Detection of the Presence and Prevalence of Trypanosoma theileri in Cattle from Türkiye.","authors":"Omer Faruk Sahin, Ufuk Erol, Husnu Furkan Sakar, Kursat Altay","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01059-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01059-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Trypanosoma theileri is an opportunistic parasite that has worldwide distribution. This parasite has been detected in various hosts including cattle. Normally T. theileri can cause mild infection but it may lead to disease among animals in case of mixed infection or immunosuppression. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the presence, prevalence, and to detect genotypes of T. theileri in cattle from different provinces in Türkiye using molecular techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 517 cattle blood collected from different provinces (Giresun, Samsun, Tokat, Sivas, Çorum, Trabzon, and Kastamonu) of Türkiye. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples using a commercial kit. The obtained gDNAs were screened for the presence of T. theileri using PCR. Partial parts of the CATL gene of randomly selected four positive samples were sequenced to determine the phylogenetic position of T. theileri Türkiye isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCR results showed that 18 out of 517 samples (3.48%) were positive in terms of T. theileri. The highest prevalence of T. theileri was observed in animals over 3 years of age (3.98%), followed by animals in the 1-3-year age group (3.16%). The prevalence of T. theileri was higher in female animals (3.62%) than in male animals (2.91%). The phylogenetic analyses of positive samples showed that T. theileri Türkiye isolates were clustered with the Tth IIB genotype of the T. theileri TthII lineage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the presence and prevalence of T. theileri in cattle were determined by molecular analyses for the first time in Türkiye. Moreover, Tth IIB genotype was also reported in Türkiye with this work. Although T. theileri is not thought to cause serious clinical symptoms in hosts, it should not be overlooked that it can cause significant economic losses in mixed infections with different pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Data on the Occurrence and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Wrestling Camels in Türkiye.","authors":"Neslihan Sursal Simsek, Irmak Cakmak, Emrah Simsek","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01061-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01061-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most prevalent microsporidian parasite and has wide host diversity, including animals and humans. However, there are a limited number of studies on the presence, molecular epidemiology, and genotyping of E. bieneusi in camels worldwide. Currently, no data are available on the occurrence, distribution, and genotypes of E. bieneusi in wrestling camels in Türkiye. This study aimed to address the knowledge gap regarding E. bieneusi in wrestling camels in Türkiye.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a total of 110 fecal samples from camels in various provinces of Türkiye were investigated to reveal the presence of E. bieneusi, and the subsequent zoonotic potential of isolates was assessed at the genotype level by PCR-sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three fecal specimens were detected as E. bieneusi positive, and the overall prevalence was 2.72%. Further sequence analyses revealed a novel genotype hereby named camelEb from wrestling camels in the Aydin (n = 1) and Mugla (n = 2) provinces of Türkiye. In the phylogenetic analyses, the camelEb genotype clustered into group 6 with other genotypes reported from camels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report on the presence of E. bieneusi in wrestling camels, suggesting that camels could also serve as a potential reservoir or carrier for E. bieneusi in Türkiye.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative Effects of Blue LED Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Fenugreek Seed Extracts on Murine Trichinosis.","authors":"Zeinab R Hassan, Eman M Mahmoud, Yasmeen M Shaaban, Shiamaa Zakaria Elshora, Doaa E A Salama, Ranya M Abdelgalil, Mona T Koullah, Nora Seliem, Marwa H Sedira, Shimaa A Mohamed, Mai Ali Mohammad Etewa, Sara Nagdy Mahmoud Mousa, Ahmed Shaban Abdelmonsef Abdelmaksoud, Shimaa Attia Atta, Marwa Zakaria, Shimaa R Emam, M Hassan, Galal Khamis","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01045-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01045-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trichinosis is a severe parasitic disease with a wide distribution and potential to affect humans. Available chemotherapeutic agents exhibit limited efficacy and are associated with numerous side effects. This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of blue LED irradiated and non-irradiated fenugreek seed extracts on experimental trichinosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-four mice were divided into seven groups; each further subdivided into intestinal and muscular phases (six mice per subgroup): non-infected non-treated controls, infected non-treated controls, infected albendazole-treated, infected non-irradiated fenugreek extract-treated, infected blue LED irradiated fenugreek extract-treated, infected non-irradiated fenugreek and albendazole-treated, and infected blue LED irradiated fenugreek and albendazole-treated. Mice were sacrificed on the 7th-day post-infection for the intestinal phase and the 40th day for the muscular phase. Small intestine, muscle tissues, and serum samples were collected to assess parasitic load, histopathological changes, TGF-β immunohistochemical expression, serum IFN-γ levels, oxidative stress markers (MDA, nitrate/SOD, and catalase), and BAX gene expression as an apoptotic marker. Metabolomic profiling of extract was pursued to spot differential expression of metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study outcomes demonstrated that blue LED irradiated and non-irradiated fenugreek seed extracts combined with albendazole exhibited superior efficacy in reducing adult and larval burdens, improving pathological changes, decreasing IFN-γ levels, mitigating oxidative stress (reduced MDA and nitrate along with elevated SOD and catalase), and downregulating BAX expression. The observed metabolic differences were primarily driven by the upregulation of steroids, downregulation of most alkaloids, and dysregulation various flavonoids in the irradiated extract.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blue LED irradiated and non-irradiated fenugreek seed extracts can enhance albendazole's activity against trichinosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Trends in the Cysticercosis-Related Disease Burden from 1990 to 2021 and its Predicted Level in 2022-2050 Years.","authors":"Zhang-Zhou Shen, Hou-Qiang Luo","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01058-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01058-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A major worldwide health concern is cysticercosis, a zoonotic parasitic illness brought on by human parasites. This study aims to examine the current worldwide cysticercosis burden in order to serve as a resource for developing successful global control initiatives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five layers of data about cysticercosis were analyzed: gender, age, year, and the regional and national social and economic development index (SDI). The various groups were compared using age-standardized rates, and patterns in the burden of disease were examined and evaluated. Furthermore, from 2022 to 2050, disease patterns were predicted using the ARIMA and ES models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was discovered that compared with 1990, the number of deaths decreased by 362 in 2021, the prevalence number increased by 1,318,963, the DALYs decreased by 151,192, and the age-standardized Mortality rate (ASMR) decreased by 0.02 per 100,000 people (EAPC - 2.39, 95% CI - 2.46 to - 2.32), the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) decreased by 9.14 per 100,000 people (EAPC - 1.84, 95% CI - 1.93 to - 1.75), and the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) decreased by 17.18 per 100,000 people (EAPC - 1.2, 95% CI - 1.3 to - 1.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To sum up, although the prevalence of cysticercosis has dramatically declined globally over the last 30 years, it is still high in many low-SDI nations and regions. Therefore, in order to further optimize prevention and control methods and lower the burden of disease in high-burden regions and countries, it is imperative that international cooperation be strengthened.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Advancements in Mosquito Repellents: Challenges and Opportunities in Plant-Based Repellents.","authors":"Hemanga Hazarika, Harshita Krishnatreyya","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01054-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-025-01054-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The worldwide distribution of mosquitoes and their significant role in the transmission of diseases such as malaria, dengue, and chikungunya have resulted in substantial mortality, morbidity, and economic loss. This review aims to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with plant-based mosquito repellents as sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical insecticides.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive analysis of recent literature was conducted to investigate the conventional technology available as well as novel techniques utilized to minimize man-mosquito contact and also to assess the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of plant-derived mosquito repellents. Special attention was given to essential oils and their active constituents, as well as current advancements in formulation technologies, stability issues, and standardization practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The utilization of conventional chemical insecticides for controlling mosquitoes has resulted in the development of biological resistance and has detrimental environmental impacts. Consequently, researchers have made significant efforts in recent years to develop sustainable and economical alternatives, with a particular focus on botanical mosquito-repellent compounds. This has led to a marked increase in interest in the use of plant derieved products as mosquito repellents. Limonene, citronellol, eucalyptol, geraniol, eugenol, carvacrol, and citronellal are the primary essential oil components extracted from plants that exhibit mosquito repellent activity. Owing to their complex chemical structures, mosquitoes are unable to develop resistance to these molecules.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plant-based mosquito repellents represent a promising and sustainable alternative to synthetic repellents. However, challenges such as variability in composition, lack of standardization, stability issues, and limited mechanistic understanding hinder their widespread adoption. Molecular and cellular mechanistic studies may increase product safety and efficacy by identifying specific targets and detoxification pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Anaplasma Species with Veterinary and Public Health Significance in Sheep and Goats","authors":"Mustafa Karatepe,&nbsp;Münir Aktaş,&nbsp;Bilge Karatepe,&nbsp;Sezayi Özübek","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01056-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01056-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study was carried out to investigate <i>Anaplasma</i> important for veterinary and public health in sheep and goats in Niğde province in Türkiye by using molecular methods.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Blood samples were taken from randomly selected 690 animals (520 sheep and 170 goats), which were between 1 and 10 years old and from different study sites in Niğde by using the vacutainer tubes containing EDTA. After the genomic DNA extractions samples, the <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR. Species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed on positive samples for the presence of <i>A. bovis</i>, <i>A. capra</i>, <i>A. ovis, A. platys</i>-like, and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i>. At the same time, the animals were tested for ixodid tick infestation and collected ticks were examined for identification under the stereo-microscope.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of PCR analysis show that the overall <i>A. ovis</i> prevalence was 63.3% (437/690) in small ruminants sampled. A total of 361 sheep (69.4%) and 76 goats (44.7%) were found to be infected with <i>A. ovis</i>, whereas no positivity was detected for <i>A. bovis</i>, <i>A. capra</i>, <i>A. platys</i>-like, and <i>A. phagocytophilum. Anaplasma ovis</i> positivity was observed at the highest percent in May (%74.6) while the lowest in June (%52.4). In total, 1361 ticks (579♀, 782♂) were collected from sheep and goats in Niğde. Ticks were identified as <i>Rhipicephalus bursa</i> (383, 28.1%), <i>R. turanicus</i> (607, 44.6%), <i>Hyalomma marginatum</i> (7, 0.5%), <i>Hy. excavatum</i> (247, 18.1%), <i>Hy. anatolicum</i> (23, 1.7%), <i>Haemophsalis parva</i> (21, 1.5%), <i>Hae. punctata</i> (7, 0.5%), <i>Hae. sulcata</i> (40, 2.9%) and <i>Dermacentor marginatus</i> (26, 1.9%).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The present study reports a high prevalence of <i>A. ovis</i> 63.3% (437/690) in sheep and goats in Niğde province.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-025-01056-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Pseudapatemon spp. (Digenea: Diplostomoidea) Reveals a Lineage Specific to Scolopacid Shorebirds","authors":"Tyler J. Achatz,&nbsp;Roxanne M. Gasperetti,&nbsp;Sarah A. Orlofske,&nbsp;Vasyl V. Tkach","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01047-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01047-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><i>Pseudapatemon</i> Dubois, 1936 is a small genus of diplostomoidean digeneans parasitic as adults in the intestines of scolopacid birds in the Holarctic and Indomalaya. Until now, no DNA sequences of any member of the genus were available and its phylogenetic affinities remained unknown. Herein, we sequenced 2 <i>Pseudapatemon</i> spp. from American woodcock in the United States and conducted molecular phylogenetic analysis to examine their relationships with other diplostomoideans.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Two species of diplostomids belonging to <i>Pseudapatemon</i> were collected from American woodcock in Wisconsin (USA). Partial nuclear 28S ribosomal rDNA and mitochondrial <i>CO1</i> genes were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28S ribosomal data was used for phylogenetic inference.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In the phylogenetic tree, both species of <i>Pseudapatemon</i> spp. formed a strongly supported cluster in a 100% supported clade with another diplostomoidean parasitic in scolopacid birds, <i>Pulvinifer macrostomum</i> (Jägerskiöld, 1900). Very low intergeneric difference in 28S sequences (2.5%) was detected between <i>Pulvinifer</i> and <i>Pseudapatemon</i> spp. The 2 <i>Pseudapatemon</i> spp. in our analysis differed by 1.2% in partial 28S sequences and 13.5–13.7% in <i>CO1</i> sequences.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Representatives of the 2 currently sequenced genera of diplostomoideans from scolopacids proved to form a monophyletic clade. This provides evidence of an evolutionary host switch to scolopacid birds with subsequent radiation. Sequencing of other diplostomoideans from the Scolopacidae is needed to learn more about their phylogenetic relationships and address the question of the potential synonymy of <i>Pseudapatemon</i> and <i>Pulvinifer</i> Yamaguti, 1933.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors and Lesion Patterns in Treatment-Resistant Scabies: Impact of Sex, Age, and Comorbidities","authors":"Arzu Ferhatosmanoğlu,&nbsp;Leyla Baykal Selçuk,&nbsp;İbrahim Etem Arıca","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01055-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01055-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Scabies is a common parasitic skin condition with significant morbidity. This study aimed to identify risk factors for treatment failure and analyze lesion distribution patterns in relation to sex, age, and comorbidities in patients with treatment-resistant scabies.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study included patients with dermatologist-confirmed scabies who had received at least one treatment within the past six months without clinical improvement. Clinical, sociodemographic, and cutaneous findings were evaluated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 246 patients were included (130 females, 52.8%; 116 males, 47.2%). Males had significantly higher rates of excoriation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), pustules (<i>p</i> = 0.047), tunnels (<i>p</i> = 0.046), and genital involvement (<i>p</i> = 0.012). Nodules were more common in individuals under 18 (<i>p</i> = 0.003), while excoriations predominated in those over 65 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Longer pruritus duration was observed in older adults, rural residents, and patients receiving weekend home visits (<i>p</i> = 0.017, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, and <i>p</i> = 0.011, respectively), and was associated with increased lesion severity. A threefold increase in abdominal involvement and a 3.33-fold increase in pustules were seen in patients receiving three or more treatments. Higher education (university or above) was linked to a 46% reduced risk of treatment-resistant scabies.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study identifies key demographic and clinical risk factors associated with treatment failure in scabies and underscores the need for targeted management strategies. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first to comprehensively investigate lesion distribution and clinical patterns of resistant scabies in relation to sex, age, and comorbid conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-025-01055-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising Anthelminthic Effects of Camphene Against Protoscoleces and Hydatid Cysts of Echinococcus granulosus","authors":"Ikhlas Abbas Marhoon,&nbsp;Marwa Sami Alwan,&nbsp;Lubna A. Al-ibrahimi","doi":"10.1007/s11686-025-01049-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-025-01049-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The current research aims to investigate the anthelmintic effects and cellular mechanisms induced by camphene (CP), a natural monoterpene found in certain herbs, against hydatid cysts and protoscoleces (PSCs) of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The anthelmintic properties of CP were examined using the eosin exclusion assay on PSCs. The effects of CP on the expression levels of apoptotic and DNA damage-related genes in PSCs were evaluated, along with its impact on the plasma membrane (PM) and its ability to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of CP, administered at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day for 28 days, was assessed in mice infected with hydatid cysts by measuring the quantity, dimensions, and weight of the cysts, as well as analyzing serum levels of inflammatory cytokines.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Results indicated that CP significantly decreased the viability of PSCs both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the control group. A notable upregulation of apoptotic genes (<i>caspase-3</i> and<i> caspase-9</i>) and genes associated with DNA damage was observed (p &lt; 0.001). CP treatment also enhanced plasma membrane permeability and ROS generation (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, CP resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the number, size, and weight of hydatid cysts, as well as in the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β, with no significant changes in the serum levels of biomarkers related to liver and kidney function. </p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Recent research has demonstrated the promising <i>in vitro</i> and<i> ex vivo</i> effects of CP on hydatid cyst PSCs. Additionally, the study highlighted the <i>in vivo</i> potential of CP in controlling hydatid cysts within a murine model, attributing this efficacy to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the specific mechanisms of action and to evaluate its effectiveness in clinical trials, which may facilitate the application of these nanoparticles in the treatment and management of cystic echinococcosis. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"70 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}