Acta Parasitologica最新文献

{"title":"Correction: In Vivo Therapeutic Effect of Some Medicinal Plants’ Methanolic Extracts on the Growth and Development of Secondary Hydatid Cyst Infection","authors":"Yaseen T. Al Qaisi, Khaled M. Khleifat, Ibrahim I. Alfarrayeh, Ahmad Z. Alsarayreh","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01404-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01404-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking Beyond Leishmania infantum: Serological and Molecular Investigation of Leishmania spp. in Domestic Dogs and Cats from a Visceral Leishmaniasis-Endemic Area in Northeastern Brazil","authors":"Ana Vitória Verde Oliveira Rocha,&nbsp;Thaliane França Costa,&nbsp;Renata Mondêgo de Oliveira,&nbsp;Felipe Trovalim Jordão,&nbsp;Marcia Aparecida Speranca,&nbsp;Marcia Dalastra Laurenti,&nbsp;Aline Diniz Cabral,&nbsp;Francisco Borges Costa,&nbsp;Rita de Maria Seabra Nogueira,&nbsp;Andréa Pereira da Costa","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01408-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01408-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The urbanization of zoonotic leishmaniasis and the potential overlap of transmission cycles involving different <i>Leishmania</i> species, vertebrate hosts, and phlebotomine sand fly vectors represent a public health challenge in Latin America. This study aimed to investigate the serological and molecular occurrence of <i>Leishmania</i> spp. in dogs and cats from São Luís, Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. </p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Blood samples from 330 dogs and 21 cats were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) using <i>Leishmania infantum</i> and <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i> antigens and by ITS1 Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (ITS1 PCR–RFLP). </p><h3>Results</h3><p>In dogs, seroreactivity against <i>L. amazonensis</i> and <i>L. infantum</i> antigens was detected in 37.9% and 23.0%, respectively, and <i>Leishmania</i> DNA in 58/330 (17.6%). Of nine canine samples successfully characterized by PCR–RFLP, eight showed profiles compatible with <i>L. infantum</i> and one a mixed profile suggestive of both species. In cats, seroreactivity against <i>L. amazonensis</i> and <i>L. infantum</i> antigens was detected in 28.6% and 14.3%, respectively, and <i>L. infantum</i> DNA was identified in two animals. Univariable analysis showed associations between seroreactivity to <i>L. infantum</i> antigen and age, sex, and clinical signs, whereas seroreactivity to <i>L. amazonensis</i> antigen was associated with age, sex, street access, and the reported presence of wild animals around the household. </p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The higher seroreactivity to <i>L. amazonensis</i> antigen should be interpreted cautiously because of potential serological cross-reactivity and limited species-level molecular characterization. Together, the findings raise the possibility that <i>Leishmania</i> occurrence in domestic animals in this endemic area may not be restricted to <i>L. infantum</i>, warranting further species-specific investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trypanorhyncha (Cestoda) from Endemic Rhinobatos Species (Elasmobranchii: Rhinobatidae) from Bali, Indonesia, with the Description of Two New Species","authors":"Xaver Neitemeier-Duventester,&nbsp;Endang Wulandari Suryaningtyas,&nbsp;Jorina Wiebke Riegert,&nbsp;I Made Damriyasa,&nbsp;Wayan Arthana,&nbsp;Harry Wilhelm Palm","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01365-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01365-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The aim of this study was to analyze the Trypanoryncha fauna of <i>Rhinobatos jimbaranensis</i> Last, White &amp; Fahmi, 2006 and <i>R. penggali</i> Last, White &amp; Fahmi, 2006 from Bali, Indonesia, with respect to their presumed feeding ecology.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-three ray specimens of the family Rhinobatidae were purchased at the Pasar Ikan Tradisional Kedonganan market on the southern coast of Bali, Indonesia, and examined for the trypanorhynchs using standardized methods. Between 2018 and 2021, 12 <i>R. jimbaranensis</i> and 11 <i>R. penggali</i> were examined, both species are endemic to Indonesia.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Twelve trypanorhynchan species were found, 10 in <i>R. jimbaranensis</i> and 8 in <i>R. penggali</i>, including the two new species <i>Prochristianella bicki</i> sp. nov. and <i>Pseudochristianella jimbaranensis</i> sp. nov.. While <i>Dollfusiella spinosa</i> Schaeffner &amp; Beveridge, 2013 <i>Parachristianella indonesiensis</i> Palm, 2004, <i>Pa. monomegacantha</i> Kruse, 1959<i>, Proc. clarkeae</i> Beveridge, 1990<i>, Pseudochristianella jimbaranensis</i> sp. nov.<i>,</i> and <i>Trygonicola macropora</i> (Shipley &amp; Hornell, 1906) occurred in both hosts, <i>Dollfusiella hemispinosa</i> Schaeffner &amp; Beveridge, 2013<i>, Dollfusiella</i> sp., <i>Proc. bicki</i> sp. nov., and <i>Proemotobothrium linstowi</i> (Southwell, 1912) were only recorded from <i>R. jimbaranensis</i>, and <i>Dollfusiella michiae</i> (Southwell, 1929) and <i>Kotorelliella jonesi</i> Palm &amp; Beveridge, 2002 were only found in <i>R. penggali</i>. Thirteen new host and eight new locality records are established.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><i>Rhinobatos jimbaranensis</i> was infected with <i>Proe. linstowi</i> (Otobothrioidea), a species also infecting teleosts as intermediate hosts. While most recorded trypanorhynchs are transferred into <i>Rhinobatos</i> through the invertebrate hosts, this study suggests that <i>R. jimbaranensis</i>, similar to <i>R. penggali</i>, occasionally feeds on fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ghrelin Receptor Blockade Restricts Hepatic Echinococcus granulosus Infection by Suppressing Host Cell Proliferation and Enhancing Fibrotic Encapsulation","authors":"Guangfeng Chen,&nbsp;Bilaliding Dilixiati,&nbsp;Tanfang Zhou,&nbsp;Xue Rao,&nbsp;Reyihanguli Aimidoula,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Hongqiong Zhao,&nbsp;Adelijiang Wusiman,&nbsp;Jiang Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01407-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01407-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic liver disease caused by <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> (<i>E.g</i>) infection, characterized by hepatic fibrosis and liver necrosis. Ghrelin and its receptor GHSR have been proven to regulate the progression of hepatic <i>E.g</i> infection, and GHSR knockout inhibits infection progression. Nevertheless, the specific regulatory mechanism remains poorly understood.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, mice with hepatic <i>E.g</i> infection were intraperitoneally injected with ghrelin protein and the GHSR antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 for 90 days, and the related molecular and pathological indexes were detected and analyzed.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with untreated <i>E.g</i>-infected mice, ghrelin treatment increased serum ghrelin level and upregulated hepatic and lesion-perilesional ghrelin/GHSR expression. Ghrelin further elevated the expression of proliferation markers (Ki67, PCNA, Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1), inhibited the activation of the hepatic TGF-β1/Smad3 fibrotic pathway, reduced the levels of α-SMA, Collagen Ⅰ and Collagen Ⅲ, and ultimately promoted hepatic <i>E.g</i> infection progression. In contrast, [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 intervention decreased serum ghrelin and hepatic ghrelin/GHSR levels, downregulated the expression of cell proliferation-related proteins, activated the TGF-β1/Smad3 fibrotic pathway, increased fibrotic protein expression, and effectively alleviated the progression of hepatic <i>E.g</i> infection.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The GHSR antagonist attenuates hepatic <i>E.g</i> infection progression by inhibiting hepatocellular proliferation and promoting hepatic fibrosis. GHSR antagonist has the potential to be a novel therapeutic target for CE treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149056849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Neuroangiostrongyliasis Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Northern Vietnam: a Clinical–Epidemiological Case Series of Eosinophilic Response and Disease Manifestations","authors":"Tra Thu Doan,&nbsp;Linh Khanh Thi Nguyen,&nbsp;Vuong Minh Nong,&nbsp;Nhung Phuong Thi Ngo,&nbsp;Thanh Van Do,&nbsp;Co Xuan Dao,&nbsp;Cuong Xuan Do,&nbsp;Giap Van Vu","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01412-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01412-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i> is a major cause of eosinophilic meningitis in Southeast Asia, but clinical data from northern Vietnam remain limited. We describe the clinical spectrum, eosinophilic response and outcomes of patients treated at a national tertiary referral centre.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively reviewed 30 consecutive patients admitted to Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, between January 2018 and December 2021 who met a composite case definition of probable neuroangiostrongyliasis: clinical meningitis, peripheral and/or cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) eosinophilia, and a reactive serum ELISA for <i>A. cantonensis</i>-specific antibody, with alternative causes excluded. Molecular confirmation by CSF polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was not available at the centre during the study period and no case met a definite (larva- or PCR-based) standard. Data included demographics, exposure history recorded in routine admission notes, clinical and imaging findings, and peripheral and CSF parameters at admission and across serial lumbar punctures, with paired admission–discharge values and a 6-month relapse window.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Mean age was 39.2 ± 17.1 years; 16 (53.3%) were men; 17 (56.7%) came from Nghe An or Thanh Hoa. Headache (30/30), neck stiffness (25/30, 83.3%) and focal neurological deficits (11/30, 36.7%) predominated. Peripheral eosinophilia (&gt; 8%) occurred in 19/30 (63.3%); six (20.0%) had no CSF eosinophils at presentation. CSF hypoglycorrhachia (&lt; 2.2 mmol/L) was uncommon (5/30, 16.7%); low CSF chloride (&lt; 120 mmol/L) was present in 13/30 (43.3%). CSF cellularity, eosinophilia and protein fell progressively across serial punctures. All patients received albendazole and methylprednisolone; 26/30 (86.7%) recovered fully, 3 (10.0%) relapsed, and none died.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In 6 of 30 patients (20.0%; 95% CI 9.5–37.3), no CSF eosinophils were recorded on the routine differential at presentation; this should not exclude the diagnosis. The proportion is conditioned on a case definition that admits patients on peripheral eosinophilia with a reactive serology, and on the sensitivity of a routine clinical differential; both are properties of a retrospective case series and are set out in the Limitations. All patients received combined albendazole and methylprednisolone and no serious adverse event was attributed to either drug, but in the absence of a comparator group no inference can be drawn about the independent contribution of either agent. Exposure histories were abstracted retrospectively and cannot identify a transmission route. Cases were referred predominantly from the north-central provinces, indicating where prospective surveillance and molecular diagnostic capacity should be directed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Spiroplasma Endosymbionts in Ticks on Tortoises in Niğde Province, Türkiye","authors":"Bilge Karatepe,&nbsp;Mustafa Karatepe,&nbsp;Fatma Mutlu,&nbsp;Zeynep Ergüleş","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01410-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01410-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study was conducted to detect and molecularly characterize <i>Wolbachia</i> and <i>Spiroplasma</i> endosymbionts in tortoise ticks in the Niğde province, Türkiye.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>For this purpose, 184 ticks (167 males, 17 females) collected from a total of 88 tortoises (<i>Testudo graeca</i>) were preserved in sealed bottles containing 70% alcohol, and their species and sex were determined under a stereo microscope. Tick pools (a total of 68 pools) were designed from the 184 tick samples collected from the tortoises, with separate pools for male and female ticks from each tortoise. Following DNA extraction from the pools, PCR analyses were performed using <i>Wolbachia</i> and <i>Spiroplasma</i>-specific primers, and the genomic DNA pools were examined for amplification of the <i>Wolbachia wsp</i> (610 bp) and <i>Spiroplasma</i> 16 S rDNA (1000 bp) gene regions.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Ticks were detected on 62 of 88 tortoises (70.4%). All collected ticks were identified as adult <i>Hyalomma aegyptium</i>. Monthly variation in infestation rates was statistically significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas tick sex distribution among infested hosts was not significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). PCR amplification of the <i>wsp</i> gene yielded no positive samples among the 68 tick pools. Only the positive control produced the expected 610 bp amplicon. <i>Spiroplasma</i> DNA was identified in 4/68 pools (5.8%). All positive samples originated from male ticks.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study represents the first molecular evidence of <i>Spiroplasma</i> spp. (5.8%) in <i>H. aegyptium</i> ticks in Central Anatolia. No evidence of <i>Wolbachia</i> infection was detected. These findings are consistent with several recent studies reporting low or absent <i>Wolbachia</i> prevalence in ixodid ticks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Structure–Activity Considerations and Histopathological Effects of Diborane Derivatives as Mosquito Larvicides","authors":"Yüksel Şahin,&nbsp;Fatma Bursali,&nbsp;Yücel Basimoglu Koca,&nbsp;Muhittin Aygün,&nbsp;Hakan Can Söyleyici,&nbsp;Resul Sevincek,&nbsp;Hüseyin Özgener","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01390-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01390-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Boron-based compounds are attracting increasing interest due to their antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and bioactive properties. However, the insecticidal potential and mechanism of action of 1,2-diborane derivatives have not yet been investigated. This study investigated the effects of these compounds on the larvae of <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, <i>Aedes albopictus</i>, and <i>Culex pipiens</i>. A new 1,3,2-diazaborinane derivative (comp. <b>6</b>) was synthesized and characterized. </p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The effects of compound 6 and five previously synthesized diborane/diborolane derivatives were evaluated against the mosquito vectors Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens.</p><h3>Results</h3><p> All compounds exhibited significant larvicidal activity against late 3rd–4th instar larvae. Probit analysis revealed LC₅₀ values ranging from 16.712 to 30.087 μg/mL for Ae. aegypti, 17.417–32.636 μg/mL for Ae. albopictus, and 17.789–28.582 μg/mL for Cx. pipiens. Compounds 1 and 2 showed the highest larvicidal potency, whereas compounds 3, 4 and 6 were comparatively less active. Histopathological examination demonstrated that the primary target tissues were the gastric caeca and midgut epithelium. Compared with untreated controls, exposed larvae exhibited epithelial disruption, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cellular swelling, degeneration of microvilli, and damage to the peritrophic membrane. The severity of tissue injury differed among species, with severe alterations observed in Ae. aegypti, moderate alterations in Cx. pipiens, and relatively mild changes in Ae. albopictus. </p><h3>Conclusion </h3><p>The findings demonstrate that diborane derivatives, particularly those bearing specific substituents on boron atoms, exhibit significant biological activity against mosquito larvae, with their toxic effects primarily targeting the larval digestive system. The findings demonstrate larvicidal activity of selected diborane derivatives and support further investigation of these compounds as potential mosquito larvicidal candidates. However, studies on selectivity toward non-target organisms and mechanisms of action under laboratory and field-relevant conditions are required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation and Routine Laboratory Associations in Imported Falciparum Malaria Assessed by Partial Correlation Analysis","authors":"Damian Pikor,&nbsp;Maciej Cymerys,&nbsp;Małgorzata Paul","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01409-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01409-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To examine whether associations among routine admission laboratory measurements in imported <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria persist after accounting for other measured variables, including C-reactive protein (CRP).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective single-centre study included all adults recorded in a departmental malaria database as hospitalised with microscopically confirmed <i>P. falciparum</i> monoinfection between 2010 and 2025. A rank-based precision matrix yielded 28 partial correlations among seven laboratory measurements and age, each adjusted for the other six variables. Bonferroni correction was applied to the primary matrix. CRP-adjusted subset analyses and Firth logistic models were exploratory.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The primary cohort comprised 48 patients. Three partial correlations survived correction: alanine aminotransferase with aspartate aminotransferase (partial rho +0.88), haemoglobin with red blood cell count (partial rho +0.82) and CRP with platelet count (partial rho − 0.56). Platelet associations with procalcitonin and urea were attenuated after CRP adjustment (n = 39 and 35). In univariate Firth models, CRP was associated with concurrent severe thrombocytopenia (15 events; odds ratio 3.57 per standard deviation, 95% CI 1.70 to 9.15), whereas evidence for an association with parasitaemia was inconclusive.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Routine laboratory abnormalities in falciparum malaria should be interpreted in their inflammatory and clinical context; their co-occurrence does not establish a direct link between organ injuries. Partial correlation analysis can explore this distinction but cannot determine whether an association is caused by inflammation or is organ-specific. These findings support contextual interpretation, not new diagnostic thresholds or treatment recommendations, and require prospective external validation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-026-01409-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application Sequence Determines the Compatibility and Virulence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Akshay Majare,&nbsp;Nandkishore Lavhe,&nbsp;V. K. Biradar,&nbsp;Tini Pillai,&nbsp;Vrushali Deshmukh,&nbsp;Gulsar Banu,&nbsp;Babasaheb B. Fand,&nbsp;Vivek Shah,&nbsp;Priyank Hanuman Mhatre,&nbsp;Shivaji Thube","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01406-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01406-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The fall armyworm, &lt;i&gt;Spodoptera frugiperda&lt;/i&gt; (J.E. Smith), is a destructive invasive pest causing significant crop losses worldwide. This study evaluated the virulence of two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), &lt;i&gt;Steinernema siamkayai&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Heterorhabditis indica&lt;/i&gt;, against third-instar &lt;i&gt;S. frugiperda&lt;/i&gt; larvae and investigated their compatibility with the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) &lt;i&gt;Metarhizium anisopliae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Beauveria bassiana&lt;/i&gt; under laboratory and pot conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Virulence of &lt;i&gt;S. siamkayai&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;H. indica&lt;/i&gt; was assessed using different infective juvenile (IJ) concentrations (5–100 IJs larva&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), with larval mortality recorded up to 96 h after inoculation. Probit analysis was performed to estimate LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; and LC&lt;sub&gt;90&lt;/sub&gt; values. Compatibility between EPNs and EPF was evaluated through simultaneous and sequential inoculations using larval mortality and co-toxicity factor analyses. The most promising combinations were further validated under pot conditions, where larval mortality and co-toxicity factors were determined at 120 h after treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Both EPN species exhibited significant dose- and time-dependent virulence against &lt;i&gt;S. frugiperda&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;S. siamkayai&lt;/i&gt; was consistently more virulent than &lt;i&gt;H. indica&lt;/i&gt;, achieving 100% larval mortality at 30–40 IJs larva&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; after 96 h, whereas &lt;i&gt;H. indica&lt;/i&gt; required 100 IJs larva&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; for complete mortality. At 96 h, &lt;i&gt;S. siamkayai&lt;/i&gt; recorded markedly lower LC₅₀ (5.47 IJs larva⁻&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;) and LC₉₀ (14.23 IJs larva⁻&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;) values than &lt;i&gt;H. indica&lt;/i&gt; (15.14 and 83.52 IJs larva⁻&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively). Simultaneous application of EPNs and EPF produced additive interactions in all combinations. The combination of &lt;i&gt;S. siamkayai&lt;/i&gt; + &lt;i&gt;M. anisopliae&lt;/i&gt; resulted in the highest laboratory mortality (98.55% at 96 h), whereas sequential application of &lt;i&gt;H. indica&lt;/i&gt; after EPF inoculation produced antagonistic interactions. In contrast, &lt;i&gt;S. siamkayai&lt;/i&gt; maintained additive compatibility with both EPF irrespective of inoculation sequence. Under pot conditions, &lt;i&gt;S. siamkayai&lt;/i&gt; alone caused the highest larval mortality (80.3%), followed by &lt;i&gt;H. indica&lt;/i&gt; (70.5%). Among the combined treatments, &lt;i&gt;S. siamkayai&lt;/i&gt; + &lt;i&gt;M. anisopliae&lt;/i&gt; achieved the greatest mortality (71.5%), and all EPN–EPF combinations exhibited additive interactions based on co-toxicity factor analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Steinernema siamkayai&lt;/i&gt; demonstrated superior virulence and greater compatibility with entomopathogenic fungi than &lt;i&gt;H. indica&lt;/i&gt; against &lt;i&gt;S. frugiperda&lt;/i&gt;. Simultaneous application of EPN and EPF consistently maintained additive interactions under both laboratory and pot conditions, whereas sequential application adversely affected the performance of &lt;i&gt;H. indica&lt;/i&gt;. These findings identify &lt;i&gt;S. siamkayai&lt;/i&gt;, particularly in co","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of endohelminth parasites of fish from Sali-Dulce River tributary (Tucumán province, Northwestern Argentina)","authors":"Lorena G. Ailán-Choke,&nbsp;Fabiana Cancino,&nbsp;Geraldine Ramallo","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01395-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-026-01395-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Medina-Salas River is a tributary of Sali-Dulce endorheic system, one of the most important basins of Northwester Argentina. Despite, many endemic fish species can be found in this endorheic system, and its ichthyological diversity is affected by anthropogenic activities, the diversity of endohelminth parasite of fish in this river remains unexplored. This study aimed to analyse the structure and composition of endohelminth communities of fish species from lower sector Medina-Salas River.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fish belonging to seven species (<i>Bryconamericus iheringii</i>, <i>Jenynsia tucumana</i>, <i>J. lineata</i>, <i>Trichomycterus corduvensis</i>, <i>T. alterus</i>, <i>T. spegazzinii</i>, and <i>Heptapterus qenqo</i>) were examined for endohelminth parasites. Ecological analyses were performed at the component community and infracommunity levels.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1269 endoparasites belonging to six taxa (5 Nematoda and 1 Cestoda) were found in the intestine or abdominal cavity from a total of 951 fishes screened. <i>Contracaecum</i> sp. was the only taxon found in the larval stage. The helminth taxon that displayed the highest prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance was the nematode <i>Cucullanus pinnai</i> of <i>H. qenqo</i>. Most taxa of parasitic helminth exhibit the typical aggregated pattern of distribution within host populations. All component communities presented a low richness and diversity values. <i>Jenynsia tucumana</i> showed the most diverse helminth component community.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study is the first comprehensive ecological survey on the diversity of endohelminth fauna of freshwater fish species from Northwest Argentina, presenting six new host records contributing to the knowledge of the real patterns of helminth parasites diversity from Neotropical fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11686-026-01395-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}