IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00693-3

Saurabh Upadhyay, Manoranjan Parida, Brind Kumar, Praveen Kumar

{"title":"Development of Urban Traffic Noise Model for a Mid-Sized City: A Case Study of Kanpur","authors":"Saurabh Upadhyay, Manoranjan Parida, Brind Kumar, Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00693-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00693-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traffic noise is emerging as major challenge for cities in India. It affects human health in terms of annoyance and other major health problems. This study aims to develop a traffic noise model for mid-sized cities. Vehicle noise and spot speed of individual vehicles were studied to develop a reference energy mean emission level (REMEL) by using the sound level meter from a reference distance of 7.5 m from the centerline of a nearby lane under free flow condition. This urban traffic noise model is specific to different geographical regions and depends on vehicle categories and characteristics of in use vehicles. Subsequently, mid-block studies were conducted for measuring traffic noise <i>L</i><sub>eq</sub> (in dB(A)), average speed, and traffic volumes of different vehicle categories. To develop the traffic noise prediction model, physical condition of the road, carriageway width, width of the footpath, median size, number of lanes, and ground cover (hard or soft) need to be accounted for. A modified traffic noise prediction model has been developed using REMEL models and different adjustment factors. Subsequently, the correlation analysis was performed between predicted and observed <i>L</i><sub>eq</sub> (in dB(A)) to check the model fitness by correlation coefficient <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.76 and mean absolute percentage error is ranged from 0.8 to 1.2% for the predicted and observed <i>L</i><sub>eq</sub> at all the selected sites of measurement periods for the Kanpur city. With this calibrated model, a noise map has been developed to identify noise hotspots during different time intervals within the city.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138579280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Need of Quantum Biology to Investigate Beneficial Effects at Low Doses (< 100 mSv) and Maximize Peaceful Applications of Nuclear Energy 需要量子生物学来研究低剂量(< 100毫西弗)的有益效应和最大限度地和平应用核能

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-12-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00710-5

Anirudh Chandra, Dinesh K. Aswal

{"title":"Need of Quantum Biology to Investigate Beneficial Effects at Low Doses (< 100 mSv) and Maximize Peaceful Applications of Nuclear Energy","authors":"Anirudh Chandra, Dinesh K. Aswal","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00710-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00710-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In an era defined by energy security, healthcare advancements, and the pursuit of clean energy solutions, nuclear energy emerges as a potent candidate. However, a major bottleneck in its growth is the hindrance posed by the extrapolation of risk due to high-dose radiation to the low-dose region (< 100 mSv), according to the linear no-threshold (LNT) model. This creates undue radiophobia among the members of public leading to resistance against the applications of radiation for societal uses. This perspective article proposes a quantum approach to augment a hormesis or threshold model as an alternative to the LNT model while also discussing the LNT’s fallacies. To provide a more fundamental explanation to the several nonlinear biological processes underpinning such alternative models, this article suggests a quantum biology approach. Drawing inspiration from celebrated quantum biology examples across photosynthesis, magnetoreception and olfaction, this article discusses ways in which nontrivial quantum phenomena can explain nonlinear low doses processes such as upregulation of reactive oxygen species, DNA repair mechanisms, and other adaptive responses. By presenting quantum biology as a fundamental basis for nonlinearity, this article tries to underscore the potential of scientifically driven hormesis/threshold model to challenge the LNT model and maximize the numerous peaceful societal applications of nuclear energy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal Variability in Key Radiological Attributes in U-Processing Plant and Solid Waste Disposal Sites at Jaduguda, India 印度Jaduguda铀处理厂和固体废物处理场关键放射属性的季节变化

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00708-z

Dibyendu Rana, V. N. Jha, R. L. Patnaik, M. K. Singh, S. K. Jha, M. S. Kulkarni

{"title":"Seasonal Variability in Key Radiological Attributes in U-Processing Plant and Solid Waste Disposal Sites at Jaduguda, India","authors":"Dibyendu Rana, V. N. Jha, R. L. Patnaik, M. K. Singh, S. K. Jha, M. S. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00708-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00708-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Like any other facilities, nuclear facilities are likewise connected with risks to the personnel and environment. The impact assessment of any facility is one of the essential prerequisites for its smooth running. Uranium ore is processed through different stages, such as size reduction, leaching, filtration, product recovery and waste deposition. Different stages of the ore processing can redistribute the activity of radio-nuclides and their measurement is essential for the impact analysis of the facility. Variation in radon and gamma levels is internationally investigated as a marker for seasonality in the natural radiation environment of an area. Accordingly, investigation for both plant and solid waste disposal sites has been carried out for radon (<sup>222</sup>Rn) and gamma levels to examine the influence on the workers and environment. The radon concentration in the workplace is observed to vary between 20 and 150 Bq m<sup>−3</sup>, which is within the reference threshold of 300 Bq m<sup>−3</sup> suggested in the ICRP recommendation (ICRP 2014). The impacts of the facility on the surrounding environment are indistinguishable from those of the background. Findings suggest that the seasonality of change in radon level is considerable at either site and the gamma level change in the mill is ascribed to the nature and quantity of the source rather than the seasonal influences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Am-241 Activity Standards 制定Am-241活动标准

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00698-y

Ritu Sharma, D. B. Kulkarni, R. Anuradha, V. Sathian, Probal Choudhury

{"title":"Development of Am-241 Activity Standards","authors":"Ritu Sharma, D. B. Kulkarni, R. Anuradha, V. Sathian, Probal Choudhury","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00698-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00698-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The identification and monitoring of long-lived alpha-emitting radiotoxic radionuclide in nuclear waste management, environmental monitoring and internal dosimetry are crucial as far as the safety of individual, community and environment is concerned. This requires sample preparation techniques with thin, uniform and adherent deposition of actinides on the substrate for carrying accurate and high-resolution alpha-spectrometric measurements. Electrodeposition is one such technique. Standard sources prepared using this method can be used for calibration of detectors for alpha measurements. In this paper, we discuss the methodology adopted for electroplating Am-241 sources and subsequently carrying the standardization of electroplated sources with 2π-Proportional counter (PC). Efficiency of Am-241 electroplated source in 2πPC was determined to be 49%. The sources were further investigated for alpha-spectrometric measurements leading to the generation of high-resolution spectra exhibiting a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of 38 keV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphological studies yielded non-clustered deposition, indicating the even distribution of radionuclide and consequently, homogeneity. A tissue wipe test was performed to evaluate the adhesion of radionuclide on substrate. The present study reveals the absence of counts on wiped tissue indicating adherency in deposition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of Reference Gamma Radiation Field for Calibration of Radiation Monitors 辐射监测仪校准中参考辐射场的估计

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00699-x

Sunil K. Singh, Liji Shaiju, Aashna Gupta, S. M. Tripathi, V. Sathian, Probal Chaudhury

{"title":"Estimation of Reference Gamma Radiation Field for Calibration of Radiation Monitors","authors":"Sunil K. Singh, Liji Shaiju, Aashna Gupta, S. M. Tripathi, V. Sathian, Probal Chaudhury","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00699-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00699-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laboratories/facilities dealing with ionizing radiation encounter radiation field which are measured using suitable gamma radiation monitors, for area and personal monitoring. These radiation monitors are subjected to periodic calibrations to confirm that they are still fit for the purpose. In India, periodic calibration of these radiation monitors is carried out by NABL accredited calibration laboratories using source exposure devices containing radionuclide sources of <sup>137</sup>Cs and/or <sup>60</sup>Co. Calibration laboratories get the output from these source exposure devices standardized by RSSD, BARC, Mumbai. RSSD, BARC, provides a report on the measured output, in the form of air kerma rates at different distances, which is traceable to relevant national standards. The laboratory then uses the standardized radiation field in day-to-day calibration, by taking air kerma rate mostly at distance of 100 cm (fixed distance) as reference for estimating radiation fields at other distances by using inverse square law. The air kerma rate values obtained by the using inverse square law shows deviation from the measured values with an allowed deviation up to 5%. The impact of this deviation cannot be corrected thus is accounted in the form of uncertainty. This paper presents an average air kerma strength-based methodology which provides a simple and effective mechanism for estimating the conventional true value of air kerma rate at various distance which adds lower uncertainty to overall uncertainty, as compared to the method of using a fixed or reference distance (say 100 cm) based air kerma rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and Uncertainty Assessment of Low-Cost Portable EMG Acquisition Module 低成本便携式肌电信号采集模块的研制与不确定度评估

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00706-1

Rohit Gupta, Inderjeet Singh Dhindsa, Ravinder Agarwal

{"title":"Development and Uncertainty Assessment of Low-Cost Portable EMG Acquisition Module","authors":"Rohit Gupta, Inderjeet Singh Dhindsa, Ravinder Agarwal","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00706-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00706-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface electromyography is an important and widely used biomedical measurement technique. In biomedical engineering, obtaining high-quality EMG data and processing it in real-time is challenging. Their calibration repeatability and reliability, on the other hand, remain in discussion. Furthermore, the metrological elements of EMG systems have not yet been studied. In this research work, a portable EMG acquisition module has been developed, and the uncertainty of two EMG characteristics for four everyday hand motions has been investigated. Furthermore, an inter-instrument comparison has been carried out in a controlled environment. For multiple trials, the result has been estimated for 10 people. While designing the experiment, two major uncertainty factors, muscle selection/electrode placement and subjective analysis, have been taken into consideration. The developed system's inter-instrument performance has been found to be similar to that of the existing system (<i>p</i>-value > 0.05). The total uncertainty of the developed system has been found to be in the range of 0.0106–0.0196% (<i>p</i>-value > 0.05) for RMS and 0.1001–0.2084% (<i>p</i>-value > 0.05) for MF. The existing commercial system, in contrast, exhibited uncertainty in the range of 0.0171–0.0359% (<i>p</i>-value > 0.05) for RMS and 0.1010–0.2088% (<i>p</i>-value > 0.05) for MF. The developed EMG acquisition system's performance and cost-effectiveness validate its utility and acceptability for low-cost product development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Validation of the Acoustic Comparison Coupler for the Sound Level Meter Calibration 声级计校准用声学比较耦合器的性能验证

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00696-0

Bondan Dwisetyo, Denny Hermawanto, Fajar Budi Utomo, Ninuk Ragil Prasasti, Chery Chaen Putri

{"title":"Performance Validation of the Acoustic Comparison Coupler for the Sound Level Meter Calibration","authors":"Bondan Dwisetyo, Denny Hermawanto, Fajar Budi Utomo, Ninuk Ragil Prasasti, Chery Chaen Putri","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00696-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00696-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An acoustic comparison coupler has been designed by the acoustic and vibration research group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). This research prototype is developed to be utilized by a private and industrial laboratory to comply with periodic tests of a sound level meter (SLM) for frequency weighting as the primary parameter. Further, the performance has been demonstrated in the previous paper. Nevertheless, the comparison test among the acoustic calibration systems associated with this mandatory parameter test has not been conducted yet. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to conduct the validation of this prototype as the SLM calibration system using the two established methods consists of the free field method by using free field facilities and insert voltage technique, and the second method by utilizing the multifunction acoustic calibrator in a pressure field condition. The measurement procedure is carried out following the standard IEC 61672–3. Therefore, the results are compared to the acceptance limit stated by this standard. This work also quantifies the uncertainty measurements that are provided by these methods. From the results, the measured frequency weighting is obtained using these methods. The deviation to the reference values and the expanded uncertainty measurement are also reported.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SRR and DGS-Based Highly Isolated Four-Port MIMO Antenna for Mid-5G Band and High-5G Band 基于SRR和dgs的中5g频段和高5g频段高隔离四端口MIMO天线

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00704-3

Atanu Chowdhury, Prashant Ranjan

{"title":"SRR and DGS-Based Highly Isolated Four-Port MIMO Antenna for Mid-5G Band and High-5G Band","authors":"Atanu Chowdhury, Prashant Ranjan","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00704-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00704-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This manuscript proposed a compact four-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna based on four split-ring resonators (SRR) at the top and a defected ground structure (DGS) at the bottom of the substrate for 5G communication. SRRs are used to resonate at 4 GHz frequency in mid-5G band. A slot of “ + ” symbol is cut at the bottom (DGS) to enlarge the bandwidth. The proposed antenna also achieved a high-5G frequency band (26.8–29.8 GHz) (n257/n258 band) by four square-shaped ring slots at the ground plane. It further enhances the bandwidth in mid-5G band (2.9–6 GHz) (n74/n75/n76/n77/n78 band) and helps to achieve a high degree of isolation between each radiating element (over 40 dB) at both the 5G bands. The size of the proposed MIMO antenna is 60 mm × 60 mm × 1.6 mm. It achieves a maximum gain of 4.59 dB, 4.32 dB at the mid-5G and high-5G band, respectively. The maximum radiation efficiencies achieved are 89%, 81% at the mid-5G and high-5G band, respectively. The diversity functionality of the antenna is also outstanding as the value of ECC is 0.01–0.42, DG is 9.6–10 dB, and TARC is less than − 10 dB measured in both the bands. The entire performance of the proposed antenna is practically verified, discussed and presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variations and Inter Relationship in Mid-tropospheric Carbon Dioxide, Temperature and Water Vapour Using AIRS Observations 对流层中二氧化碳、温度和水蒸气的变化及其相互关系

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00689-z

Anju Gupta, S. K. Dhaka

{"title":"Variations and Inter Relationship in Mid-tropospheric Carbon Dioxide, Temperature and Water Vapour Using AIRS Observations","authors":"Anju Gupta, S. K. Dhaka","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00689-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00689-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, trends and variations in carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), temperature and water vapour are analysed using 9 years (2003–2011) of mid-tropospheric (300–500 hPa) Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data. The focus of analysis remains on both a global as well as regional (India) scale along with improved understanding of their inter relationship. It was observed that the mid-tropospheric carbon dioxide increased from ~ 373 to ~ 393 ppm and ~ 373 to ~ 392 ppm, respectively, over the globe and the Indian region during 9 years. However, no substantial trends (increasing or decreasing) were observed in the temperature and water vapour observations for the same period of time. De-trended data of CO<sub>2</sub>, temperature and water vapour were further analysed to understand the inter relationship between these parameters and the influence of two greenhouse gases (CO<sub>2</sub> and water vapour) on temperature. Analysis suggests a very high correlation (~ 0.90) between temperature and water vapour, however, no significant correlation was observed between temperature and carbon dioxide data, indicating that change in water vapour may have stronger influence on temperature compared to the change in CO<sub>2</sub>, this feature can play a more significant role as a greenhouse gas than CO<sub>2</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating DC Characteristics in Testing Precision Current Shunts for Steady State 在测试稳态精密电流分流器时研究直流特性

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00697-z

Valentyn Isaiev, Svitlana Isaieva

引用次数: 0

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