IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00694-2

Shristy Malik, A. S. Rao, Surendra K. Dhaka

{"title":"PM2.5 Observations of Outdoor and Indoor Environment at Dwarka, New Delhi, India","authors":"Shristy Malik, A. S. Rao, Surendra K. Dhaka","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00694-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00694-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Measurement of PM<sub>2.5</sub> is carried out simultaneously outdoors as well as indoors using a Compact and Useful PM<sub>2.5</sub> Instrument (CUPI) from Nov 2018 to Oct 2019. A high-time resolution data (~ 2 min interval) was recorded at Dwarka (West Delhi), New Delhi, to investigate the difference between outdoor and indoor ambient particulate matter. Year-long observations provide an opportunity to decipher that indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration increases significantly from mid-November 2018 to mid-December 2018. During this high concentration occurrence of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, outdoor concentration was higher in the range of 100–200 µg/m<sup>3</sup> than indoor. Indoor pollution was less by 30–50% in comparison to the outdoor environment. Analyses reveal that during a high pollution period, intermittently for a short period, outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> was less, which coincides with clear weather days suggesting that indoor pollution did not disperse due to a closed environment. Diurnal variation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> clearly shows high concentration stays until 12:00 noon in both indoor and outdoor environments, which reduces in the afternoon and again picks up in the evening. Diurnal variation of solar radiation showed a consistent increase from 9 am to 2 pm, while relative humidity declined considerably from 10 am to 4 pm (local time); these two factors correspond to less concentration in both indoor and outdoor environments. However, there is no significant difference between outdoor and indoor concentration during summer and monsoon season.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Model Adequacy Checking in Homogeneity and Stability Studies 同质性和稳定性研究中的模型充分性检查

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00695-1

Luiz Henrique da Conceição Leal, Werickson Fortunato de Carvalho Rocha

{"title":"Model Adequacy Checking in Homogeneity and Stability Studies","authors":"Luiz Henrique da Conceição Leal, Werickson Fortunato de Carvalho Rocha","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00695-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00695-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The production of reference materials necessitates, among other factors, evaluations of homogeneity and stability. The aim of the homogeneity study is to ensure uniformity in property values across all samples. On the other hand, stability pertains to a sample’s ability to retain its property value over time. ISO Guide 35 dictates that homogeneity, between and within samples, is appraised using a one-way random effects analysis of variance, while stability is gauged by a univariate linear regression model. Both these statistical techniques presuppose the normality and homoscedasticity of the residuals. Notably, the ISO Guide 35 standard omits any reference to the assumption of homoscedasticity in its prescribed statistical methods. This communication introduces the Shapiro–Wilk and Koenker–Bassett tests as tools to verify the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity, respectively. Moreover, it advances the feasible generalized least squares method as a remedy for instances where these assumptions are breached. Initial findings suggest that, in certain scenarios, breaches in statistical model assumptions might influence evaluations of homogeneity and/or stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Radon (222Rn) and Thoron (220Rn) in Environmental Resources of a High-Background-Radiation Area, India 印度高背景辐射地区环境资源中的氡（222Rn）和钍（220Rn）评估

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00691-5

Prusty Parthasarathi, Abinash Sahu, S. K. Jha

引用次数: 0

Finishing and Wear analysis of 3D-Printed Workpiece Through Centrifugal Force-Assisted Abrasive Flow Machining 离心力辅助磨料流加工三维打印工件的精加工和磨损分析

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00690-6

Anant Bhardwaj, Parvesh Ali

{"title":"Finishing and Wear analysis of 3D-Printed Workpiece Through Centrifugal Force-Assisted Abrasive Flow Machining","authors":"Anant Bhardwaj, Parvesh Ali","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00690-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00690-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid population growth has raised the need of industrialization which has opened a new horizon for the additive manufacturing, especially in the area of 3D printing technology. 3D printing has immersed as the additive manufacturing technique which finds its application in every domain including toys, confectionaries, biomedical, electronics, aerospace and automobile. But achieving the desirable surface finish is a difficult task for 3D-printed material especially poly lactic acid (PLA). Due to less material removal in traditional abrasive flow machining, the scope of the current investigation is to finish 3D-printed hollow cylindrical workpiece made of PLA material by Fused deposition method using Centrifugal force-assisted abrasive flow Machining process. The investigation was carried out to determine the optimum percentage improvement in surface finish and surface micro-hardness using Response surface methodology. Using an optical profilometer and a micro-hardness tester, the surface characteristics of the workpiece were examined. Additionally, wear modeling was carried out using the Ansys<sup>®</sup> software, and the outcomes were confirmed through tests using Reye–Archard–Khrushchev wear law. The simulation results were in good confirmation of experimental results with total debris of 1.4 mg. The findings of the investigation indicate an average improvement in surface quality of 39.27%. The experimental results show that the major influence on enhanced <i>R</i><sub>a</sub> and micro-hardness comes from CFG rod rotation. Also, the ideal percentage improvements in surface finish and micro-hardness are found to be 35.34% and 41.29 HV, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12647-023-00690-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135824471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and Performance Evaluation of Double Bending Beam Force Transducer for Low-Force Measurement 用于低力测量的双弯曲梁力传感器的开发与性能评估

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00687-1

Vikas, Surya Kumar Gautam, S. S. K. Titus

{"title":"Development and Performance Evaluation of Double Bending Beam Force Transducer for Low-Force Measurement","authors":"Vikas, Surya Kumar Gautam, S. S. K. Titus","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00687-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00687-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Precision and traceable measurement of small forces have become increasingly important due to the rapid change in technology and miniaturization of devices. In this paper, we have discussed the design, development and metrological aspects of double bending beam force transducer for low-force measurements. To achieve this task, elastic spring element is designed and machined for fabricating the force transducer and virtually tested through the finite element analysis (FEA) method to validate its load capacity and to understand its mechanical behaviour. The metrological capability of spring element is determined with the application of small forces, sensing the applied forces through contact and non-contact methods. In the contact method, strain gauges are employed for the detection of induced strain on the spring element<b>.</b> For this, the maximum and minimum strain values and their distribution are found to get the optimum normalized output in the electrical unit of mV/V. In the non-contact method, a pair of light-emitting diode (LED) and light-dependent resistor (LDR) is utilized for the detection of the bending caused by the applied force. The optimal detectable deflection is found in the spring element through FEA. The experimental characterization results of the force transducers showed that the developed force transducers have good metrological capability in terms of high linearity and repeatability in the range of 0.3–3 N.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal Analysis of Atmospheric Pollutant Concentrations with Specific Regard to NAAQS Compliance in an Industrial Cluster of New Delhi, India 对印度新德里工业集聚区大气污染物浓度的时间分析，特别关注 NAAQS 达标情况

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00688-0

Ajay Kumar Jha, Charu Jhamaria, Manish Yadav, Nitin Kumar Singh, Pawan Kumar Singh, Manish Kumar Jindal, Sunil Kumar Mishra, Suman Kumar

{"title":"Temporal Analysis of Atmospheric Pollutant Concentrations with Specific Regard to NAAQS Compliance in an Industrial Cluster of New Delhi, India","authors":"Ajay Kumar Jha, Charu Jhamaria, Manish Yadav, Nitin Kumar Singh, Pawan Kumar Singh, Manish Kumar Jindal, Sunil Kumar Mishra, Suman Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00688-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00688-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study focuses on determining the post COVID 19 status of air pollution and temporal variability of pollutants over the Okhla industrial area, New Delhi. The 24 hourly concentration datasets of PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>, for the period of November 2021 to November 2022 were collected from continuous ambient air quality monitoring station of study area. During the study period, the concentration of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> was observed to be varying from 9.73 to 640.14 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and 6.18 to 448.06 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The average values of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> were recorded as 236.57 and 107.33 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively; which were much higher than the standard values of Central Pollution Control Board. In case of gaseous pollutants, the mean value of SO<sub>2</sub> was recorded as 9.31 µg/m<sup>3</sup> which was much lesser as compared to the set standards. Contrary, the values for NO<sub>2</sub> varied from 14.75 to 219.36 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and these values were on the higher side when compared with standards. The Bivariate plots were also drawn to examine the role of wind speed and wind direction in the study area. The results revealed that at low wind speed, high concentrations were prevailing and potential sources of pollutant are in south east direction. Overall, the results of this study highlighted that situation is alarming after COVID 19, and need immediate intervention for the abatement of air pollution in studied region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an Innovative Algorithm for Accurate Measurement of Human Blood Pressure 开发精确测量人体血压的创新算法

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00686-2

Amit Soni, Shubham Kumar, Ashok Kumar

{"title":"Development of an Innovative Algorithm for Accurate Measurement of Human Blood Pressure","authors":"Amit Soni, Shubham Kumar, Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00686-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00686-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present paper, we have developed an innovative algorithm to improve the oscillometric waveform detection to increase the measurement of blood pressure (BP) accuracy. Most of the techniques for BP measurement are based on the extraction of the oscillometric waveform (OMW) from baseline pressure generated in the cuff. The physiological changes in the human body provide irregular shapes, magnitudes, and patterns in OMW. Besides human physiological activities, motion artifacts may affect the OMW during the BP measurement. The BP measurement using direct extraction followed by envelope construction shows significant errors beyond the permissible limits. To rectify this problem, a new algorithm is required. This work demonstrates a novel algorithm to improve OMW by creating a zero baseline. The proposed algorithm is performed on low to high BP values, giving better results than the conventional algorithm used on OMW. The systolic and diastolic values of blood pressure obtained from the developed algorithm are within the error limits of international protocol, i.e., American Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization (AAMI/ESH/ISO).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Significance of LF & HF Voltage, Current, Phasor Measurement Unit and Microwave Metrology of CSIR-NPL on Scientific and Industrial Growth CSIR-NPL 的低频和高频电压、电流、相位测量装置和微波计量学对科学和工业发展的意义

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00685-3

Avni Khatkar, Archana Sahu, Swati Kumari, Sunidhi Luthra, Saood Ahmad

{"title":"Significance of LF & HF Voltage, Current, Phasor Measurement Unit and Microwave Metrology of CSIR-NPL on Scientific and Industrial Growth","authors":"Avni Khatkar, Archana Sahu, Swati Kumari, Sunidhi Luthra, Saood Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00685-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00685-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The LF & HF voltage, current and microwave metrology section of the CSIR-National Physical Laboratory plays an imperative role in the metrological investigations in the country as it follows the lawful obligations of the NPL charter of developing and maintaining national standards of HF voltage, LF voltage and current, phasor measurement unit and microwave power parameters. For over three decades, the section has been religiously dedicated to performing national obligations and delivering national calibration, testing and measuring services. Still, there is inadequate awareness, insight and perception related to the role of metrological traceability, calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) to the clients, academia, industries and government laboratories. Hence there is a dire need to educate and provide the required information to the end users. Keeping this in mind, this paper provides necessary details of the facilities, technologies and CMCs of the section to the common masses. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) and Asia Pacific Metrology Programme key/supplementary comparisons are also described in the paper, which has helped the group improve and attain greater heights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Evaluation of a 100 kN m Multi-function Torque Standard Machine 100 kN m 多功能扭矩标准机的设计与评估

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00675-5

K. M. Khaled, M. Abdulhakim

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Vegetative Cover Dynamics During Pre and Post Covid-19 Period Using Sentinel-2A Imageries in the Western Ghats, South India 利用Sentinel-2A图像评估印度南部西高止山脉冠状病毒病前后植被覆盖动态

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00683-5

Srinithisathian Sathian, J. Brema

{"title":"Assessment of Vegetative Cover Dynamics During Pre and Post Covid-19 Period Using Sentinel-2A Imageries in the Western Ghats, South India","authors":"Srinithisathian Sathian, J. Brema","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00683-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00683-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has changed the living environment in various aspects just like any other disaster. The goal of this study was to use time series remote sensing data to analyze vegetative cover change in the Western ghats of south India from January 2018 to June 2021 (pre & post covid scenario). In this context, biodiversity in terms of Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been investigated in relation to variations in anthropogenic activity levels before and after the Covid-19 period. A spatio-temporal analysis of NDVI, LULC change, rainfall and AOD in relation to lockdown due to Covid-19 was conducted in this study. The study demonstrates the adaptability of remote sensing techniques and GIS for monitoring the changes in biodiversity in a more precise and cost-effective way, which is ideal for conservation planning and prioritization. Also, this study investigates the relationship between rainfall, AOD and NDVI during the study period. The results show that some parts of the Western Ghats which lies in Chamrajnagar of Karnataka, Erode and Dharmapuri of Tamil Nadu experienced significant vegetative cover change during the study period. It is also been inferred that there are changes in vegetative cover along the transect points situated in Shimoga of Karnataka, Palakkad and Idukki of Kerala due to the outbreak of forest fires. The restriction during the Covid-19 lock down has minimized the disturbance in the Ghats region which echoed in the increase in vegetative cover as well as areal extent of water bodies during post corona period (2021). The effect of increase in rainfall has reflected in the reduction in concentration of aerosol due to wet scavenging effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43268659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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