IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00684-4

M. Patan Alper

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Interruption-Recovery Pattern of Air Pollutants During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern Brazil: An Analysis of the New Normal 探讨新冠肺炎大流行期间巴西南部空气污染物的中断-恢复模式：新常态分析

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00681-7

Ronan Adler Tavella, Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior

{"title":"Exploring the Interruption-Recovery Pattern of Air Pollutants During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern Brazil: An Analysis of the New Normal","authors":"Ronan Adler Tavella, Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00681-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00681-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>This study investigated the interruption-recovery pattern of air pollutants (O3, PM2.5 and PM10) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil using machine learning models. The results showed that 2020 was an atypical year for air pollution levels due to restriction measures. However, we also found that 2021 was not a definitive year for the assessed air pollutants in the region but rather a transitional year. It was only in 2022 that the pollutant levels returned to usual levels in the region. In this sense, our findings suggest that the levels observed in 2022 can be considered the \"new normal\" for air pollutants in the region. Furthermore, we found that O3 levels decreased significantly and were sustained and further decreased in 2022, while PM2.5 and PM10 levels showed a reversed but similar trend with a slight increase in concentrations from 2020 to 2021 and again from 2021 to 2022. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the impacts of COVID-19 on air pollution levels and highlights the need for continued efforts to improve air quality in the region.</div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44489872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metrological Innovations for Science, Technology and Global Trade 科学、技术和全球贸易计量创新

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00682-6

A. Kumar, P. R. Bangal, S. Panja, S. K. Sharma

引用次数: 0

Metrology Applied in Decision-Making for Land Planning: A Guide for Critical Analysis to Guarantee the Quality of Land Use and Cover Results 计量学在土地规划决策中的应用：保证土地利用和覆盖结果质量的关键分析指南

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00679-1

Maximiliano Soares Lemos Araujo Gobbo, Thiago de Oliveira Araujo, Claudia Oliveira Faria Salema

{"title":"Metrology Applied in Decision-Making for Land Planning: A Guide for Critical Analysis to Guarantee the Quality of Land Use and Cover Results","authors":"Maximiliano Soares Lemos Araujo Gobbo, Thiago de Oliveira Araujo, Claudia Oliveira Faria Salema","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00679-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00679-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Considering the scientific movements of Metrology toward Environmental and Terrestrial Sciences, the objective was to identify and correlate metrological tools that could contribute to decision-making on the quality of results generated by land use and cover methods. In this perspective, it was verified how the validation parameters of methods and the tools for guaranteeing the validity of internal results are aligned with characteristics of measurement and treatment of results generated by these methods. Based on this correlation, the Guide for Critical Analysis of Results of Land Use and Coverage was structured, which was used to evaluate the quality of the data generated by the Brazilian standard method of land use and cover. Next, the objective was to demonstrate the conformity of the guide for critical analysis of results and for decision-making on the quality of the examined geographic information. It was found that, although there is no direct use of metrological tools, the official Brazilian producer uses similar mechanisms to ensure the quality of geospatial data on land use and cover. Method validation parameters demonstrated the suitability of the method for the intended use of generating results within the acceptance standard established by the producer. Through the tools to guarantee the validity of internal results, the compliance of the treatments carried was verified to guarantee the quality of the results. Thus, the usefulness of the guide for critical analysis of results as a decision-making instrument about the quality of geographic information on land use and cover was confirmed. With this, the correlation between Metrology and Environmental and Terrestrial Sciences was insipidly established. In addition, was shown how these metrological tools contribute to data producers and users in the critical analysis to guarantee the quality of land use and cover results.</div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12647-023-00679-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical, Elastic and Microstructural Investigations on HCP Phase High-Entropy Alloys HCP相高熵合金的力学、弹性和微观结构研究

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00674-6

Ajit Kumar Maddheshiya, Navneet Yadav, Shakti Pratap Singh, Devraj Singh, Phool Singh Yadav, Raja Ram Yadav

{"title":"Mechanical, Elastic and Microstructural Investigations on HCP Phase High-Entropy Alloys","authors":"Ajit Kumar Maddheshiya, Navneet Yadav, Shakti Pratap Singh, Devraj Singh, Phool Singh Yadav, Raja Ram Yadav","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00674-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00674-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Hexagonal-structured high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are in use for engineering materials, for critical components in chemical processing, power generation and gas turbine. The present work described how HEAs behave regarding their thermophysical properties and their exceptional elastic and mechanical properties. In the beginning, higher-order elastic constants (HOECs) of the HEAs, namely Cr10Mn30Fe50Co10, Cr20Mn20Fe34Co20Ni6, Cr20Mn20Fe30Co20Ni10, Cr20Mn20Fe20Co20Ni20 and Cr25Fe25Co25Ni25, in their hcp phase have been computed with the help of simple interaction potential approach. Utilizing HOECs, the elastic moduli, anisotropy factor (fE), Pugh’s ratio (B/G), Kleinman’s parameter (ζ), Poisson’s ratio (σ), microhardness (H), Vicker’s hardness (HV), Lame’s constants (λ and µ) and ratio of linear compressibility coefficients (f) have been computed. Later on, the Grüneisen parameter for the shear wave and longitudinal wave of considered HEAs has been calculated utilizing the obtained values of HOECs and lattice parameters. The results of second-order elastic constants were compared with the results obtained from different theories. The obtained results may be further explored for determining the inherent properties of HEAs.</div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Validation of the ASTM E1898-21 Method with Estimation of Analytical Uncertainty for the Determination of Silver by FAAS ASTM E1898-21方法的验证及FAAS测定银的分析不确定度估算

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00678-2

Rodrigo Martínez-Peñuñuri, Paulina Vázquez-Bustamante, Marcela Montoya-Blumenkron, Dayanna Itzajara Estrada-González, José Refugio Parga-Torres, Jorge Chávez-Orduño, Alejandro Monserrat García-Alegría

{"title":"Validation of the ASTM E1898-21 Method with Estimation of Analytical Uncertainty for the Determination of Silver by FAAS","authors":"Rodrigo Martínez-Peñuñuri, Paulina Vázquez-Bustamante, Marcela Montoya-Blumenkron, Dayanna Itzajara Estrada-González, José Refugio Parga-Torres, Jorge Chávez-Orduño, Alejandro Monserrat García-Alegría","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00678-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00678-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Silver is one of the most important precious metals in mining and metallurgy. Thus, the methods used to determine its concentration are critical. The objective of this research work was to validate and estimate the expanded uncertainty of the ASTM-E1898-21 method for silver determination by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The methodology used for the validation and estimation of the expanded uncertainty is recommended by international regulations. The validation results showed precision values under repeatability conditions with variations in the range of 1.67–2.04%, whereas the accuracy showed values of 0.0131–0.1445 for the bias evaluated through Z-score and recovery percentages from 100.7 to 104.8. The validation of the analytical method was confirmed using a certified reference material (CDN-GS-1Z), and precision values under repeatability conditions of 1.677 for the percentage of variation and recovery percentages of 100.65 were obtained. Further, the evaluation of the relative combined uncertainty showed values from 0.0046 to 0.1166 for the different sources of uncertainties evaluated. On the other hand, the expanded uncertainty obtained was 2.572 mg/L of silver with a reliability factor of 95% (k = 2).</div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12647-023-00678-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The UKQI: Status and Importance for National Growth UKQI：国家增长的地位和重要性

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00680-8

Shanay Rab, Richard J. C. Brown

{"title":"The UKQI: Status and Importance for National Growth","authors":"Shanay Rab, Richard J. C. Brown","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00680-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00680-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The term ‘Quality Infrastructure’ refers to the public and private institutional framework for metrology, standardisation, accreditation, and services relating to conformity assessment such as testing, calibration, inspection and verification that fosters trust in global commerce and helps to safeguard consumers and the sustainability of the environment. The National Physical Laboratory, several Designated Institutes, the British Standards Institution, the Office for Product Safety and Standards, and the United Kingdom Accreditation Service are all part of the United Kingdom Quality Infrastructure. As a part of the National QI of the UK, these organisations are responsible for providing traceability to national standards of measurement and regulating standardisation, testing, certification, and accreditation. These organisations are essential in assisting industries with developing, innovating, and commercialising their goods and services. Standards supported by accredited conformity assessment are an essential part of modern economic infrastructure and assist significant economic growth. This paper provides a succinct overview of the UKQI and its importance for national growth. Further, an overview of the UKQI institutional structure from both national and international perspectives is discussed. This study should be useful globally to government agencies, businesses, academia, and other organisations as a reference source for future policy decisions related to a robust QI.</div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12647-023-00680-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Second-Order Correlation Measurement for Single-Photon Metrology 单光子计量的二阶相关测量

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00676-4

Anish Mahavir Bhargav, Abdul Wahid, Samaresh Das, Venu Gopal Achanta

{"title":"Second-Order Correlation Measurement for Single-Photon Metrology","authors":"Anish Mahavir Bhargav, Abdul Wahid, Samaresh Das, Venu Gopal Achanta","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00676-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00676-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The critical aspect in the field of single-photon metrology is to measure the detector efficiency with the lowest possible uncertainty and reproducibility. The developments in quantum technologies have paved the way for applications such as quantum imaging and quantum information processing, including quantum computing and quantum communications proving superior to the conventional technologies currently in use. Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) are one of the key elements in these applications and are preferred over similar devices due to their better performance parameters. The instrumentation used for characterizing single-photon detectors must be precise and reliable so that no optical event gets missed. Here, we present an optical setup based on the 2nd-order correlation measurement, developed to characterize single-photon detectors at visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Each device used in the setup has been thoroughly characterized, and their response under different operating conditions has been studied. In the setup, a few photons generated by attenuating a laser are split by a 50:50 fiber beam splitter and sent to two single-photon detectors. A correlation card measures the coincidences.</div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12647-023-00676-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal Trends and source Apportionment of Carbonaceous Aerosols in PM10 at Central Delhi, India 印度德里市中心PM10中含碳气溶胶的季节趋势和来源分配

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00677-3

Shweta Singh, Krishan Kumar, Papiya Mandal, Monika J. Kulshrestha

{"title":"Seasonal Trends and source Apportionment of Carbonaceous Aerosols in PM10 at Central Delhi, India","authors":"Shweta Singh, Krishan Kumar, Papiya Mandal, Monika J. Kulshrestha","doi":"10.1007/s12647-023-00677-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-023-00677-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The present study shows seasonal trends and potential sources of carbonaceous contents in PM10, i.e., organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), total carbonaceous aerosols (TCA), and secondary organic carbon (SOC) at central Delhi during January-December 2019. The annual mass abundance of PM10 exhibited large seasonal variability and varied from 42.0 to 397.2 µg/m3 (Average 182.4 ± 17.2 µg/m3). The highest mass abundance of PM10 was observed during winter (260.5 ± 24.7 µg/m3), followed by summer (200.4 ± 28.4 µg/m3), post-monsoon (190.0 ± 36.5 µg/m3), and monsoon (78.1 ± 13.7 µg/m3). Annual average mass concentrations of OC and EC were observed as 24.1 ± 2.7 and 7.9 ± 0.9 µg/m3, respectively, and their seasonal averages followed a similar trend as winter > post-monsoon > summer > monsoon. OC/EC ratio varied from 2.0 to 8.7 (Average 3.5), suggesting a wide range of contributions throughout the year arising from vehicular exhausts, wood-fuel burning, biomass burning, coal combustion, waste burning, and secondary organic aerosols. The annual average contribution of TCA to PM10 was ~ 26%, whereas the seasonal contribution was found to be the highest during winter (31%) and post-monsoon (30%) followed by, summer (28%), and monsoon (17%) respectively. The estimated concentrations of SOC were the highest during winter (12.9 ± 3.7 µg/m3), followed by post-monsoon (9.2 ± 4.6 µg/m3), summer (7.0 ± 1.7 µg/m3), and monsoon (2.3 ± 0.8 µg/m3) seasons. The highest contribution during winter and post-monsoon suggests the active role of boundary layer dynamics resulting in secondary particle formation. The study of carbon sub-fractions, along with PCA, revealed that EC1 and OC3 were the dominating fractions suggesting gasoline vehicular exhaust as the significant emission source.</div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12647-023-00677-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Development of Trapezoidal-shaped Transducer for Industrial and Scientific Applications 工业和科学用梯形换能器的设计与开发

IF 1 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2023-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-023-00673-7

Richa Saxena, Harish Kumar

引用次数: 0

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