Study of Interfacial Tension of Distilled Water Using Pendant Drop Method

IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION
MAPAN Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI:10.1007/s12647-024-00741-6
Sumit Dahiya, Samridhi Chopra, Ved Varun Agrawal
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The pendant drop tensiometry is a preferred primary method for measuring interfacial tension (IFT) or surface tension. In a typical experimental setup, Gravitational pull opposes an interfacial tension forces to cause a liquid drop to develop into a pendant-like shape. The process comprises quantitatively modifying a theoretical profile generated through calculating the Young–Laplace capillarity formula to such an experimental pendant drop analysis and information by performing digital image analysis. However, specific parameters of this method lead to uncertainty in the obtained value of IFT. The present work aims to determine the role of factors such as evaporation of the hanging drop and its changing volume in interfacial tension, which is acting as major source of error in determining IFT of distilled water. This study details the measurement process and evaluation of standard errors with interfacial tension readings of distilled water by using pendant drop method with three calibrated needles of diameters, 0.9 mm (20 G), 1.27 mm (18 G) and 1.65 (16 G) mm. The needle’s diameter influenced the evaporation rate and the value of IFT. Also, it is essential to consider these factors for further evaluating measurement uncertainties when determining the IFT of biological fluids. In addition, the present study makes an effort to determine the measurement error associated with drop volume and evaporation rate of drop in study. The distilled water used in the measurement had an absolute Interfacial tension of 72 mN/m, and the enlarged measurement errors were predicted to be in the range of 0.4–0.6%. It is critical to consider these associated measurement errors when determining the IFT of liquids for metrological application such as establishing primary standards for measurement pertaining to biological fluids.

Abstract Image

使用垂滴法研究蒸馏水的界面张力
悬滴张力测量法是测量界面张力(IFT)或表面张力的首选主要方法。在典型的实验装置中,重力拉力与界面张力相对抗,导致液滴形成悬滴状。这一过程包括将通过计算 Young-Laplace 毛细管公式生成的理论轮廓定量修改为通过执行数字图像分析获得的垂滴实验分析和信息。然而,这种方法的特定参数会导致获得的 IFT 值不确定。本研究旨在确定悬滴蒸发及其体积变化等因素在界面张力中的作用,这些因素是确定蒸馏水 IFT 的主要误差来源。本研究详细介绍了蒸馏水界面张力读数的测量过程和标准误差评估,测量方法是使用直径分别为 0.9 毫米(20 G)、1.27 毫米(18 G)和 1.65 毫米(16 G)的三根校准针进行悬滴法测量。针的直径会影响蒸发率和 IFT 值。此外,在测定生物液体的 IFT 时,考虑这些因素对于进一步评估测量的不确定性至关重要。此外,本研究还试图确定与液滴体积和蒸发率相关的测量误差。测量中使用的蒸馏水的绝对界面张力为 72 mN/m,预计扩大的测量误差在 0.4-0.6% 之间。在确定液体的 IFT 以用于计量应用(如建立与生物液体有关的主要测量标准)时,考虑这些相关的测量误差至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
MAPAN
MAPAN 工程技术-物理:应用
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
20.00%
发文量
91
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: MAPAN-Journal Metrology Society of India is a quarterly publication. It is exclusively devoted to Metrology (Scientific, Industrial or Legal). It has been fulfilling an important need of Metrologists and particularly of quality practitioners by publishing exclusive articles on scientific, industrial and legal metrology. The journal publishes research communication or technical articles of current interest in measurement science; original work, tutorial or survey papers in any metrology related area; reviews and analytical studies in metrology; case studies on reliability, uncertainty in measurements; and reports and results of intercomparison and proficiency testing.
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