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National Physical Laboratory, India: Tryst with Metrology and the Metre Convention 印度国家物理实验室:与计量学和米制公约的幽会
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术
MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00856-4
Shanay Rab, Meher Wan, Sanjay Yadav, Venu Gopal Achanta
{"title":"National Physical Laboratory, India: Tryst with Metrology and the Metre Convention","authors":"Shanay Rab,&nbsp;Meher Wan,&nbsp;Sanjay Yadav,&nbsp;Venu Gopal Achanta","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00856-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00856-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The year 2025 marks 150 years of the Metre Convention, an intergovernmental treaty that transformed global cooperation in measurement science and technology. Signed in 1875 by seventeen nations, the Convention created a shared foundation for accuracy in trade, industry, and research. This feature article examines India’s growing integration into this international framework, tracing its historical progress from metrication to active involvement in global metrological institutions. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), India’s National Metrology Institute (NMI), is steadily progressing towards the vision of Viksit Bharat, a developed and self-reliant India. The article emphasises the country’s longstanding dedication to developing a strong and forward-looking metrology system, vital for achieving scientific excellence, industrial innovation, effective policy-making, and sustainable economic growth. India’s journey in metrology is not just about adoption but also about emerging leadership in shaping the future of global measurement standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 3","pages":"605 - 617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of Aerosol Properties in the Delhi Region During the Biomass Burning and Subsequent Hudhud Cyclone 生物质燃烧和随后的Hudhud气旋期间德里地区气溶胶特性的表征
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术
MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00843-9
Mamta Devi, Sumit Kumar Mishra, Supreet Kaur, Kartika Pandey, Radhakrishnan Soman
{"title":"Characterization of Aerosol Properties in the Delhi Region During the Biomass Burning and Subsequent Hudhud Cyclone","authors":"Mamta Devi,&nbsp;Sumit Kumar Mishra,&nbsp;Supreet Kaur,&nbsp;Kartika Pandey,&nbsp;Radhakrishnan Soman","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00843-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00843-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The physicochemical and optical attributes of aerosols (PM<sub>10</sub>) in the Delhi, National Physical Laboratory (NPL) [28.70°N; 77.10°E] region were examined during Biomass Burning (BB) and Subsequent Hudhud Cyclone (HC) in October 2014. Advanced offline characterization techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (WD-XRF), were employed to probe particle morphology and chemical composition. Vertical profile data was obtained utilizing a dual-polarized micro-pulse lidar (MPL) system stationed at NPL. SEM–EDS analysis revealed the prevalence of carbon-rich spherical/core–shell aerosol particles attributed to the long-range transportation from BB activities in Punjab and Haryana. Frequency distribution analysis of the Aspect Ratio (AR), indicative of particle non-sphericity, shows that the majority of particles (~ 65%) fell within the AR range of 1.0–1.2, confirming the predominance of spherical/smooth particles during BB. During the HC, these particles transformed into non-spherical shapes upon mingling with moisture-laden sea aerosol spray particles predominantly composed of sea salts, exhibiting frequency distributions with peaks at AR range &gt; 1.2–1.4 and &gt; 1.6–1.8, and demonstrating a higher LDR value of ~ 4.7% (relative to ~ 3.7% during BB). WD-XRF analysis corroborated these findings, revealing an increase in Na and Cl element concentrations (avg.) from 6.54 to 7.52% and 0.63 to 1.03%, respectively, during the HC. Aerosol backscatter coefficient (ABC) values at 1.5 km (relative to that of lower altitudes i.e., 1 and 0.5 km) altitude during the HC were observed to be increased i.e., 0.052 km<sup>−1</sup>sr<sup>−1</sup> owing to the predominance of particles with sea origins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 3","pages":"823 - 837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing Efficiency in Screw Compressors Through Sustainable Polyglycol-Based Lubricants 通过可持续的聚乙二醇基润滑剂提高螺杆压缩机的效率
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术
MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00847-5
Abhishek Kumar, Ahmed Kovacevic, Abhimanyu Chaudhari
{"title":"Enhancing Efficiency in Screw Compressors Through Sustainable Polyglycol-Based Lubricants","authors":"Abhishek Kumar,&nbsp;Ahmed Kovacevic,&nbsp;Abhimanyu Chaudhari","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00847-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00847-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research examines the transformative impact of synthetic lubricants, particularly polyglycol-based oils, on the operational efficiency of screw compressors, emphasising the advancement of sustainable industrial practices. The synthetic oil, noted for its superior oxidation stability, prolongs oil change intervals and enhances the longevity of filters and separators. The integration of specialised inhibitors guarantees the preservation of internal compressor cleanliness, resulting in continued high efficiency. Experimental investigations comparing synthetic polyglycol oil to conventional mineral oil in screw compressors indicate substantial enhancements in overall efficiency. The synthetic oil offers extended maintenance intervals, achieving up to 8,000 operating hours in oil-injected screw-type compressors and 40,000 operating hours in turbocompressors, alongside prolonged filter and separator lifespans and diminished cleaning expenses due to its exceptional dirt-dissolving properties. Additionally, the synthetic oil aids in sustaining low oil vapour levels in compressed air, minimising oil use, and averting the gumming of pneumatic valves. The synthetic oil adheres to industrial requirements (DIN 51506-VDL and ISO 6743-3 L-DAJ) and demonstrates outstanding wear prevention for steel friction components. Possessing a kinematic viscosity of 55 mm<span>(^{2})</span>/sec at 40 <span>(^{circ })</span>C, it exceeds bearing life specifications, hence forming an efficient lubricating coating for anti-friction bearings. The study highlights the considerable potential of sustainable lubricants, especially polyglycol-based oils, in improving efficiency and reinforcing the environmental sustainability of screw compressors. This study offers significant insights into the practical applications of synthetic lubricants in industrial settings, highlighting polyglycol-based oils as a viable solution for enhancing screw compressor technology. The study elucidates a vital element of sustainable materials within the industrial sector, providing an in-depth comprehension of their influence on machinery efficacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 3","pages":"809 - 821"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12647-025-00847-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measurement and Evaluation of Airborne Sound Insulation and Absorption Characteristics of Noise Barriers Made of Different Materials for Noise Control Applications 不同材料制声屏障的机载隔声吸声特性的测量与评价
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术
MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00845-7
Bhagwat Singh Chauhan, Saurabh Kumar, Naveen Garg, Chitra Gautam
{"title":"Measurement and Evaluation of Airborne Sound Insulation and Absorption Characteristics of Noise Barriers Made of Different Materials for Noise Control Applications","authors":"Bhagwat Singh Chauhan,&nbsp;Saurabh Kumar,&nbsp;Naveen Garg,&nbsp;Chitra Gautam","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00845-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00845-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study reports the airborne sound insulation and absorption characteristics of noise barriers and acoustical facades tested in reverberation chambers. These materials were fabricated from the sandwich partition panels and masonry structure for noise control. The study presents the rarely reported sound insulation and absorption properties of wide kinds of sandwich and masonry constructions used as noise barriers. The sound insulation characteristics of metallic, polycarbonate sheets (transparent/opaque), composite fiber cement boards, AAC blocks, green materials, facade glass, and other distinct materials are presented for their applications either as noise barriers or acoustical facades in buildings exposed to higher noise levels. Also, the sound insulation as well as absorption performances of recycled plastic, polycarbonate and metallic material based noise barriers were evaluated. The study also presents the sound insulation characteristics of temporary noise barriers that can be useful for noise control at construction sites and sound absorption characteristics of metal absorptive noise barriers tested in reverberation chambers. The applications of the study may not be limited only to usability as a noise barrier but also to balcony treatments and facades. The rarely reported sound insulation and absorption characteristics of various materials discussed in the present study makes it indispensable for designers and consultants for developing noise barriers accomplishing the desired insertion loss characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 3","pages":"839 - 882"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of a Non-contact Respiratory Rate Measurement Method Considering Introduction of Rapid Response Systems 考虑引入快速反应系统的非接触式呼吸速率测量方法的发展
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术
MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00842-w
Shihoko Kajiwara, Naomi Akiyama, Takahiro Tamaki
{"title":"Development of a Non-contact Respiratory Rate Measurement Method Considering Introduction of Rapid Response Systems","authors":"Shihoko Kajiwara,&nbsp;Naomi Akiyama,&nbsp;Takahiro Tamaki","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00842-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00842-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Respiratory rate is a critical parameter for activating rapid response systems. Given the limitations of existing respiratory rate measurement methods, we aimed to develop a simple, affordable, portable, non-contact, and automatic measurement device using commercially available optical components. We further verified its measurement accuracy through experiments involving a simulator and a volunteer. The proposed system consisted of a webcam with 10 infrared light-emitting diodes, a webcam arm stand, and a laptop. The system employed the law of light attenuation to assess changes in the distance between the camera and the body surface and then extracted depth information from two-dimensional images. In the simulator experiments, the Bland–Altman analysis revealed a bias of 0.167 between simulator settings and automatic system measurements, and 0.200 between simulator settings and visual measurements by a nurse. In the volunteer experiment, the bias between automatic system measurements and visual measurements by a nurse was 0.033. The results were satisfactory. The proposed method exhibits sufficient measurement accuracy for practical use in an individual with a stable respiratory state. Collectively, our findings suggest that the device could reduce observational burden on nurses and significantly improve recording rate of respiratory parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 3","pages":"619 - 627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12647-025-00842-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AC/DC Transfer Features of Dissemination of Voltage Unit Including Long-Term Stability 包括长期稳定性在内的电压单元的交直流传输特性
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术
MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00832-y
Oleh Velychko, Valentyn Isaiev, Viktoriia Shvedova, Igor Pototskiy
{"title":"AC/DC Transfer Features of Dissemination of Voltage Unit Including Long-Term Stability","authors":"Oleh Velychko,&nbsp;Valentyn Isaiev,&nbsp;Viktoriia Shvedova,&nbsp;Igor Pototskiy","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00832-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00832-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article discusses the relationship between three characteristics of the quality of a measurement result, namely traceability, uncertainty, and stability. The presented annual stability investigation is based on the assumption of high long-term stability of the planar multi-junction voltage thermal converter, with which the AC/DC transfer standard under study is compared. To evaluate the qualitative aspect of the reproduction of the AC voltage unit for further dissemination, the relationship between the uncertainty of measurements and the difference between two estimates, separated in time by 1 year, was analyzed. To predict the random displacement of the reproducible volt unit, the presence of long-term drift of the hypothetical average AC/DC voltage transfer difference was also analyzed. To guarantee the quality of the performed assessment, three criteria of mathematical statistics were applied in the analysis of the presence of displacement trends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 3","pages":"775 - 792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Leveraging the Aswal Model to Understand and Amplify the Impact of India’s National Education Policy 利用阿斯瓦尔模式理解和扩大印度国家教育政策的影响
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术
MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00840-y
Dinesh K. Aswal, Anirudh Chandra
{"title":"Leveraging the Aswal Model to Understand and Amplify the Impact of India’s National Education Policy","authors":"Dinesh K. Aswal,&nbsp;Anirudh Chandra","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00840-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00840-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>India's ambitious initiative, “Viksit Bharat” (Developed India) by 2047, aims to transform the nation into a technologically advanced, economically robust, and socially inclusive society. Education stands as a central pillar of this vision. To ensure that quality education is accessible, equitable, and affordable for all, the National Education Policy (NEP) was introduced by the government in 2020, serving as a critical policy framework within the broader “Viksit Bharat” vision. While the NEP provides a comprehensive roadmap for India’s educational transformation, a unified approach to ensure systemic quality and stakeholder integration is lacking. To fill this gap, this paper introduces the Aswal Model—a quality infrastructure-based framework originally developed for science and innovation—as a conceptual tool to analyse and amplify the NEP’s impact. Rooted in the Quadruple Helix model of academia, industry, government, and civil society, the Aswal Model emphasizes the foundational role of metrology and quality infrastructure systems (QIS) in mediating stakeholder interactions. Using thematic analysis and policy documents, the study demonstrates how QI elements such as standardization, accreditation, and conformity assessment align with NEP’s elements, including core focus areas—Early Childhood Care and Education, Higher Education, and Vocational Education. By embedding QI principles into India’s education policy, the paper offers a novel interdisciplinary pathway for strengthening educational governance and knowledge generation. The findings contribute to both policy and metrology discourse by extending the application of quality infrastructure frameworks to education, providing actionable insights for regulators, technocrats, and institutional leaders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 3","pages":"793 - 807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12647-025-00840-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of Liquid Dielectric Solution with 3D Printed Broadband Coaxial Transmission Line 用3D打印宽带同轴传输线表征液体介质溶液
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术
MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00839-5
Prachi Tyagi, Aijaz Ahmed, Asheesh Kumar Sharma, Satya Kesh Dubey
{"title":"Characterization of Liquid Dielectric Solution with 3D Printed Broadband Coaxial Transmission Line","authors":"Prachi Tyagi,&nbsp;Aijaz Ahmed,&nbsp;Asheesh Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Satya Kesh Dubey","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00839-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00839-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents the development of a methodology and software interface for the measurement of liquid dielectric constant based on the equivalent capacitance model. This work also presents the design and development of a novel coaxial probe with a 3D-printed transmission environment. The proposed coaxial probe is capable of working in the broadband frequency range from 500 MHz to 8.5 GHz. This probe, along with the developed software, leads to an indigenous solution for measuring the real-time electromagnetic parameters (i.e., permittivity, conductivity, and loss tangent) of liquids in a broad band frequency range. The complete setup is tested with the measurements of dielectric values of liquid and then compared and reported with the outcome of a commercially available software package and the actual target data. The measured results are comparable with the values obtained from commercial software as well as with the target data. Further, the measurement uncertainty was estimated to find out the tolerance limit, which is as per the IEC/IEEE 62209–1528:2020 standard (below ± 5%). This work is performed for the measurement and evaluation of dielectric properties in the frequency range of mobile communication, which includes 2G, 3G, 4G, and VoLTE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 3","pages":"763 - 773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uncertainty Analysis in Z-Scan Spectroscopy: A Systematic Approach for Budget Estimation z扫描光谱的不确定度分析:预算估算的系统方法
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术
MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00836-8
Kaweri Gambhir, Parag Sharma, A. G. Vedeshwar, Ranjana Mehrotra
{"title":"Uncertainty Analysis in Z-Scan Spectroscopy: A Systematic Approach for Budget Estimation","authors":"Kaweri Gambhir,&nbsp;Parag Sharma,&nbsp;A. G. Vedeshwar,&nbsp;Ranjana Mehrotra","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00836-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00836-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nonlinear optical phenomena and techniques challenge existing in-line metrology. In order to validate a wide range of classical and nonclassical photonic outcomes, it is now crucial to broaden the scope of metrological aspects which were initially confined to fundamental SI units. The conventional method to determine third-order nonlinear optical coefficients is Z-scan spectroscopy. Carbon Disulfide (CS<sub>2</sub>) is the most extensively used reference material for various nonlinear optical setups including Z-scan spectroscopy. However, variation in the incident laser beam’s pulse duration drastically alters the nonlinear optical response of CS<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, till date all the available literature quotes relative nonlinear optical coefficients of CS<sub>2</sub> and a consensus over the absolute nonlinearity of the reference material itself is missing. In order to overcome this limitation, the present article employs the Law of Propagation of Uncertainties (LPU/GUM) to establish a generic model to assess the uncertainties involved in the nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index in the standard CS<sub>2</sub> solution using transmission mode <i>Z</i>-scan spectroscopy. This would not only help in expanding the bounds of nonlinear optical metrology but also permit assessment, comparison, and commercialization of the results obtained from different third-order nonlinear optical measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 3","pages":"751 - 761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Verification of Infrared Forehead Thermometer Readings Using a Blackbody Radiator at NMCC-SASO 利用黑体辐射器验证nmc - saso红外额头温度计读数
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术
MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00834-w
S. D. Suherlan, N. D. AlDawood, I. S. AlSubaie, I. A. AlFaleh, R. O. AlNefaie, K. M. Ahmed
{"title":"Verification of Infrared Forehead Thermometer Readings Using a Blackbody Radiator at NMCC-SASO","authors":"S. D. Suherlan,&nbsp;N. D. AlDawood,&nbsp;I. S. AlSubaie,&nbsp;I. A. AlFaleh,&nbsp;R. O. AlNefaie,&nbsp;K. M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00834-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00834-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a verification method for Infrared Forehead Thermometer (IRFT) readings developed at the National Measurement and Calibration Center (NMCC) of the Saudi Standards, Metrology, and Quality Organization (SASO). Six IRFTs from two different models were tested at 38 °C, a temperature threshold for fever according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The IRFT readings were compared against reference radiance temperatures generated by a standard blackbody radiator commonly used for Infrared Ear Thermometer (IRET) calibration. The blackbody was maintained in a temperature-controlled water bath near 38 °C, with its true temperature monitored using a contact standard thermometer (Pt-100). The blackbody’s effective emissivity was calculated as 0.999874, closely matching the default emissivity setting (~ 1.0) of most IRFTs. Instead of using a radiation thermometer, radiance temperatures were calculated from the blackbody’s true temperature measurements using the Sakuma-Hattori Planck III function. When compared to reference radiance temperatures, the laboratory errors in IRFT readings ranged from − 0.20 to 0.09 °C. These values comply with the maximum permissible laboratory error (MPLE) of ± 0.3 °C specified in ASTM E1965-98:2016 for skin IR thermometers. However, when measurement uncertainty (± 0.16 °C) was considered, one IRFT (− 0.20 °C error) failed verification. This was likely due to dust or smudges on the inner lens, which are difficult to clean externally. Further studies are needed to compare and validate these findings using methodologies from other national laboratories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 3","pages":"909 - 918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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