Measurement of Heavy Metals Content in Suspended Sediment of Ganges River Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION
MAPAN Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.1007/s12647-024-00771-0
Mohit Aggarwal, S. Anbukumar, T. Vijaya Kumar
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Abstract

This investigation aimed to evaluate the severity of heavy metal concentrations in suspended sediments along a 225 km section of the Ganges River in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India. Metal concentrations were measured via Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, with averages recorded as Fe (50230 µg/g), Mn (1283 µg/g), Cr (201 µg/g), Zn (183 µg/g), Pb (55.1 µg/g), Ni (50.9 µg/g), Cu (42.8 µg/g), and Cd (1.01 µg/g). Zn, Fe, Cr and Pb showed anthropogenic contribution at all selected locations, while anthropogenic inputs of Mn and Ni were also observed at few locations. Risk evaluation was conducted using various pollution indicators. The Contamination Factor (CF) revealed moderate contamination (CF between 1 and 3) by Cr. The Geoaccumulation Index (GI) indicated a stage of uncontaminated to moderate contamination (GI between 0 and 1) for Cr at upstream locations. The values of Enrichment Ratios (ER) indicated minor enrichment (ER between 1 and 3) of Cr at all locations. The Pollution Load Index values ranged from 0.72 to 0.86, suggesting that the selected section is overall uncontaminated. The study highlights significant but localized anthropogenic impacts on heavy metal concentrations, particularly for chromium. While the overall assessment suggests that the suspended sediment in the studied stretch are not heavily contaminated, the elevated concentrations of iron, manganese, chromium, and nickel pose significant ecological risks. The study underscores the need for targeted pollution control measures, especially for metals with high anthropogenic contributions, to ensure the long-term health and safety of this vital water resource.

Abstract Image

利用原子吸收光谱法测量恒河悬浮沉积物中的重金属含量
这项调查旨在评估印度北方邦东部恒河 225 公里河段悬浮沉积物中重金属浓度的严重程度。通过原子吸收光谱法测量了金属浓度,平均值为铁(50230 微克/克)、锰(1283 微克/克)、铬(201 微克/克)、锌(183 微克/克)、铅(55.1 微克/克)、镍(50.9 微克/克)、铜(42.8 微克/克)和镉(1.01 微克/克)。在所有选定地点,锌、铁、铬和铅都是人为因素造成的,而在少数几个地点,锰和镍也是人为因素造成的。利用各种污染指标进行了风险评估。污染因子(CF)显示,铬造成了中度污染(CF 在 1 到 3 之间)。地质累积指数(GI)显示,上游地点的铬处于未受污染至中度污染阶段(GI 在 0 至 1 之间)。富集比 (ER) 值表明,所有地点的铬都有轻微富集(ER 值介于 1 和 3 之间)。污染负荷指数值介于 0.72 至 0.86 之间,表明所选河段总体上未受污染。该研究强调了人类活动对重金属浓度,尤其是铬浓度的重大但局部影响。虽然整体评估表明,所研究河段的悬浮沉积物并未受到严重污染,但铁、锰、铬和镍浓度的升高对生态构成了重大风险。这项研究强调了有必要采取有针对性的污染控制措施,尤其是针对人为污染较多的金属,以确保这一重要水资源的长期健康和安全。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
MAPAN
MAPAN 工程技术-物理:应用
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
20.00%
发文量
91
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: MAPAN-Journal Metrology Society of India is a quarterly publication. It is exclusively devoted to Metrology (Scientific, Industrial or Legal). It has been fulfilling an important need of Metrologists and particularly of quality practitioners by publishing exclusive articles on scientific, industrial and legal metrology. The journal publishes research communication or technical articles of current interest in measurement science; original work, tutorial or survey papers in any metrology related area; reviews and analytical studies in metrology; case studies on reliability, uncertainty in measurements; and reports and results of intercomparison and proficiency testing.
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