IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00862-6

Shubham Anand, Amit Kumar

{"title":"Effect of Selective Laser Sintering Parameters on the Microstructural and Crystallographic Properties of Polyamide","authors":"Shubham Anand, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00862-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00862-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is inclined towards exploring the microstructure and crystallinity of medical grade polyamide 12 (PA12) and the way it is being influenced by Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) parameters, with a major focus on application towards biomedical. The key goal of this study is to get the best input setting, to enhance both the mechanical as well as the biocompatibility of PA12 with the help of morphological outputs. For getting the desired output, samples were fabricated through varying Laser wattage, Laser travel speed, and Deposition thickness in the SLS input settings. XRD, EDS, and FESEM analyses were carried out on the sintered samples to determine crystallinity, elemental composition, and surface morphology, respectively. The fabricated samples fetch the best result of surface roughness (2.5–3.8 µm) and XRD, supporting the biocompatibility, at a Laser wattage of 30 W, a Laser travel speed of 750 mm/s, and 100 µm layer thickness. The findings indicate that careful Laser wattage and Laser travel speed adjustment significantly affect surface quality, crystallinity, and strength. While a moderate heat input improves overall performance and excessive heat can compromise the surface and lower crystallinity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 4","pages":"1041 - 1054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A New Mathematical Deduction of Measurement Error Theory: Correction of Erroneous Mathematical Concepts in Classical Measurement Theory 测量误差理论的一种新的数学推导：经典测量理论中错误数学概念的修正

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00861-7

Xiaoming Ye

引用次数: 0

Identification, Measurement, and Categorization of Faults in Power System Network Utilizing Advanced Fuzzy-Symbolic Strategy 基于先进模糊符号策略的电网故障识别、测量与分类

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00857-3

Gyanesh Singh, Abhinav Saxena, Md. Abul Kalam, Atma Ram, Yogendra Arya

{"title":"Identification, Measurement, and Categorization of Faults in Power System Network Utilizing Advanced Fuzzy-Symbolic Strategy","authors":"Gyanesh Singh, Abhinav Saxena, Md. Abul Kalam, Atma Ram, Yogendra Arya","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00857-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00857-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrical faults in power system may cause unstable power delivery and a higher risk of power outages. Consequently, precise identification, measurement, and classification of faults are crucial for efficient maintenance and optimal operation of power system to uphold uninterrupted power supply. Hence, this article presents the identification, measurement, and classification of various types of faults at different location of power system network (PSN). These different kinds of faults are measured in terms of inception angle. The performance parameters like accuracy, total harmonic distortion (THD), mean squared error (MSE) are found to be inappropriate with existing methods for identifying the faults. The existing methods also takes more data for computation and analysis. In this paper, combination of the symbolic and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed which is known as advanced fuzzy-symbolic strategy (AFSS) which surpass the issues of the existing methods. The effectiveness of the method is tested on modified IEEE 9 bus system. The computer simulation results and performance parameters like accuracy (6.55%), THD (3.02%), MSE (6.55%), are found to be better with AFSS in comparison to FLC for the identification, measurement, and classification of different kind of faults at different locations of PSN. The regression line also converges faster with AFSS in contrast to FLC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 4","pages":"1055 - 1073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metrology-Aware Co-optimization of Wind–Solar Distributed Generation and Demand Response Under Measurement Uncertainty 测量不确定条件下的风能-太阳能分布式发电协同优化与需求响应

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00854-6

Vivek Saxena

{"title":"Metrology-Aware Co-optimization of Wind–Solar Distributed Generation and Demand Response Under Measurement Uncertainty","authors":"Vivek Saxena","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00854-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00854-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate and traceable measurement of renewable resource data is essential for reliable distributed generation (DG) planning. This study presents a metrology-aware co-optimization framework that simultaneously allocates wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) units while scheduling demand response (DR) under quantified measurement uncertainty. Wind speed and solar irradiance are measured using IEC 61400-12-1–compliant anemometers and ISO 9060-classified pyranometers, respectively, with their expanded uncertainties (U95) propagated through the corresponding WT and PV power output models. The planning problem is formulated as a mixed-integer second-order cone programming model, minimizing active power losses in a 33-bus radial distribution network while satisfying network, voltage, and DR constraints. Monte Carlo simulations (1000 trials) reveal that incorporating measurement uncertainty alters the optimal DG siting in 14% of cases and restricts total loss variability to ± 1.8%, thereby confirming the robustness of the proposed scheme. Compared with a benchmark case that excludes DR and metrological considerations, the framework achieves a 29.6% reduction in losses and a 22.4% improvement in renewable utilization. Sensitivity analysis further indicates that higher DR participation mitigates uncertainty impacts and supports deployment of up to three DG units (3.6 MW each) before diminishing returns emerge. Overall, the results demonstrate (i) the critical role of DR in strengthening renewable integration and (ii) the necessity of rigorous uncertainty quantification and traceable calibration in measurement-driven power system optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 4","pages":"1007 - 1022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Winter-Time Carbon Content in PM10 Over a High-Altitude Atmosphere of Eastern Himalaya 喜马拉雅东部高海拔大气PM10冬季碳含量评价

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00860-8

Nikki Choudhary, Soumen Raul, Abhijit Chatterjee, Sudhir Kumar Sharma

{"title":"Assessment of Winter-Time Carbon Content in PM10 Over a High-Altitude Atmosphere of Eastern Himalaya","authors":"Nikki Choudhary, Soumen Raul, Abhijit Chatterjee, Sudhir Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00860-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00860-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The carbon content [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), total carbonaceous matter (TCM), primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC)] of respirable particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub>) was estimated at the eastern Himalayan region (Darjeeling) of India during 4 consecutive winter seasons (W-I: December 2018–February 2019; W-II: December 2019–February 2020; W-III: December 2020–February 2021; and W-IV: December 2021–February 2022) to examine their concentration, sources and environmental impact. During four consecutive winter seasons, the mean concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub>, OC, EC, WSOC, and TCM were estimated as 60 ± 20 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, 6.0 ± 1.9 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, 2.7 ± 1.1 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, 3.4 ± 1.3 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, and 12.5 ± 4.1 µg m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively. The overall mean carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) mass concentration of PM<sub>10</sub> was estimated to be ~ 21% of PM<sub>10</sub> during winters [W-I (CAs: 23.9%), W-II (CAs: 19.7%), W-III (CAs: 19.6%), and W-IV (CAs: 20.3%)]. Results showed the non-significant variations (at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) in mass concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub>, OC, EC, TCM, POC, and SOC among all winters season. The relationship between OC, EC, & WSOC and their weight ratios (OC/EC, OC/WSOC, EC/TC) suggested that fossil fuel combustion [(FFC; including vehicular fuel combustion (VFC)] and biomass burning (BB) are the major sources of CAs at Darjeeling. In the present case, the mean effective carbon ratio (ECR) is computed as 0.33 (range: 0.04–0.76; ECR < 1) which demonstrates the abundance of POC species more than the SOC and indicates the warming effects of CAs over the study site. The air mass backward trajectory analysis indicates that CAs approaching to the sampling site of Darjeeling primarily originated from the Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, the IGP, the Thar Desert and Pakistan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 4","pages":"1127 - 1137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: The Fault Diagnosis of Different Rotating Machine Elements by Using Infrared Thermography Images and Extended Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System: An Experimental Evaluation 基于红外热成像图像和扩展自适应神经模糊推理系统的不同旋转机械部件故障诊断：实验评价

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00851-9

E. Yadav, V. K. Chawla, S. Angra, S. Yadav

引用次数: 0

Deformation Behaviour of a High Manganese Austenitic Steel and Measurements of Microstructural Features Using Orientation Imaging Microscopy 一种高锰奥氏体钢的变形行为及显微组织特征的取向成像显微镜测量

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00859-1

Subhajit Konar, Vijay Gautam

{"title":"Deformation Behaviour of a High Manganese Austenitic Steel and Measurements of Microstructural Features Using Orientation Imaging Microscopy","authors":"Subhajit Konar, Vijay Gautam","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00859-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00859-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to explore the deformation behaviour, tensile specimens of a cast Hadfield steel were prepared and elongated to a strain of 10%, 15% and 20%. Assuming that the materials obeys power law of strain hardening, the strain hardening exponent and strength coefficients were evaluated from log true stress vs. log true strain data. The samples were also prepared for electron backscattered diffraction to study the evolution of microstructure and texture and compared with the microstructural characteristics of undeformed samples. It was observed that the dislocation density increased with the plastic deformation from 10 to 15% strain due to increased twinning density but it decreased in the specimens tested to 20% of plastic strain due to dislocation annihilations and grain refinement by mechanical twinning. The nature of residual stress measured by using a XRD-sin<sup>2</sup>ψ method in the as-cast samples was observed to be tensile whereas, in the deformed specimens it was compressive and correlated with the microstructural characteristics of the samples. The measurement results of microhardness of the tested samples showed an increased hardness with higher strains due to formation of α-martensite phase within the matrix. It was observed that the results obtained for residual stress and microhardness are in sync with the microstructural findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 4","pages":"991 - 1005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation and Calibration of Electrical Safety Analyzer for Biomedical Equipment 生物医学设备电气安全分析仪测量不确定度评定与校准

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00850-w

Sudesh Yadav, A. Hemavathi, Vinod Kumar Tanwar, Vishesh, Ved Varun Agrawal, Gajjala Sumana, Rajesh

{"title":"Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation and Calibration of Electrical Safety Analyzer for Biomedical Equipment","authors":"Sudesh Yadav, A. Hemavathi, Vinod Kumar Tanwar,  Vishesh, Ved Varun Agrawal, Gajjala Sumana,  Rajesh","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00850-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00850-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Calibration of electrical safety analyzers (ESA) are critical for ensuring the safety of medical electrical equipment (MEE) such as syringe pumps, defibrillators, and electrosurgical units, as per international and national standards. Accurate calibration traceable to the international system of units (SI) is essential to validate the safety parameters measured by ESAs. This paper presents the estimation of the measurement uncertainty for the calibration of ESAs for the electrical parameters essential in performing the electrical safety testing on the medical electrical equipment. The uncertainty of the relevant parameters, (i) Resistance (1 Ω) in protective earth resistance test mode, (ii) AC voltage (1–250 V) in point-to-point test mode (iii) DC (10 µA-6.5 mA) & AC current (1000 µA -6.5 mA) in leakage current test mode and related sub modes, (iv) Insulation resistance voltage (250 V & 500 V) and (v) Insulation resistance (0.5–90 MΩ) in insulation resistance test modes and associated sub modes is evaluated and the expanded uncertainty evaluated is 0.001 Ω, 0.1 V, 0.1 µA to 0.01 mA, 1 µA to 0.01 mA, 0.01 V and 0.1 MΩ- 0.4 MΩ respectively. The electrical safety testing has been conducted on key biomedical equipment such as neonatal intensive care incubator, defibrillator and infusion pump and their electrical safety parameters measured using calibrated ESA have been found to be in concurrence with the international electrotechnical commission (IEC) 60601–1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 4","pages":"919 - 928"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National Physical Laboratory, India: Tryst with Metrology and the Metre Convention 印度国家物理实验室：与计量学和米制公约的幽会

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00856-4

Shanay Rab, Meher Wan, Sanjay Yadav, Venu Gopal Achanta

引用次数: 0

Impact of Rooftop PV on Transformer loading and Life: A Real-time Metrological Data Driven Study 屋顶光伏对变压器负荷和寿命的影响：实时计量数据驱动研究

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00852-8

Saurabh Kumar Rajput, Manjaree Pandit

{"title":"Impact of Rooftop PV on Transformer loading and Life: A Real-time Metrological Data Driven Study","authors":"Saurabh Kumar Rajput, Manjaree Pandit","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00852-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00852-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solar PV plant integration into the grid boosts green energy generation, but it may also impact the grid supply power quality, transformer loading, and lifespan. This study develops a mathematical model that relates meteorological data (solar intensity and temperature) to the transformer loading and life through their impact on PV plant power output and grid supply power quality parameters (total harmonic distortion of current, <span>({text{TH}}{text{D}}_{text{i}})</span> & power factor, PF). The real-time data collection is done from a 33 kV grid-connected 100 kWp rooftop PV plant and its analysis show that during the peak summer season, the rise in PV module temperature (average: 11.89°C) causes a 5.8% increase in transformer loading. During the peak winter season, the low solar intensity becomes detrimental to <span>({text{TH}}{text{D}}_{text{i}})</span>. The generation of high <span>({text{TH}}{text{D}}_{text{i}})</span> in winter (average: 32.26%), causes an increase in transformer loading up to 5.1%. The plant’s power factor (PF) also contributes to an increase in transformer loading; a reduction in PF to 0.81 (lagging) leads to an expected 10.10% increase in transformer loading. These small increases in transformer loading may collectively reduce the transformer life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 4","pages":"975 - 990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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