MAPAN最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Pressure Measurement and Traceability at NIS- Egypt","authors":"A. A. Eltawil","doi":"10.1007/s12647-024-00761-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-024-00761-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"39 3","pages":"775 - 775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-house Intercomparison of MJTCs for Assigning AC/DC Transfer Difference to National Standard of LF Voltage and Current at CSIR-NPL India","authors":"Sunidhi Luthra,&nbsp;Swati Kumari,&nbsp;Archana Sahu,&nbsp;Avni Khatkar,&nbsp;Bijendra Pal,&nbsp;Saood Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s12647-024-00735-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-024-00735-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multijunction thermal converters (MJTCs) are used worldwide by the leading NMIs (National Metrological Institute) as primary Standard for the establishment of low frequency (LF) AC voltage and current parameters. The MJTC is an electrothermic device that works on the principle of Joule’s heating law. At NPLI (National Physical Laboratory, India), we have kept a bank of four MJTCs with identical characteristics. The AC–DC transfer difference of these MJTCs is determined over a frequency range of 10 Hz–1 MHz. The operating range of MJTC is 2 V and 5 mA. The uncertainty in assigning AC/DC transfer difference varies from ± 5 ppm to ± 25 ppm for both voltage and current range. This paper presents the in-house intercomparison of MJTCs to evaluate relative AC/DC transfer difference for establishment of primary standard of LF voltage and current.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"39 3","pages":"731 - 737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141516322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer and Method for Residual Stress Detection in Conducting Materials","authors":"Bishan Kumar,&nbsp;Nitin Dhiman,&nbsp; Piyush,&nbsp;Sanjay Yadav,&nbsp;P. K. Dubey","doi":"10.1007/s12647-024-00762-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-024-00762-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Residual stress present in rail, pipes or metallic structures used in industrial application is crucial to measure. Continuous use of these parts with residual stress may result in deterioration with time. If stress level crosses a certain threshold, then the structure may get damaged and sometimes result in fatal accident. Existing methods of residual stress measurement such as hole drilling and strain gauge are destructive in nature. Whereas, X-ray and neutron diffraction methods have their own inherent drawbacks. Acoustic birefringence has been proved as a powerful technique for the residual stress measurement. The technique, uses ultrasonic propagation velocity of two orthogonal polarized shear waves. Presently, two separate electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) coils are alternately used for the generation and measurement of ultrasonic propagation velocities in orthogonal polarizations or same EMAT is used for the measurement at 0° and then by rotating 90°. In the present work, the design of single coil based EMAT is proposed which is capable of generating simultaneously two orthogonally polarized ultrasonic shear waves in the object. The received signal generated by EMAT is the resultant superimposition of two waves traveling at different velocities due to residual stress present. The change in velocity and thereby present residual stress is estimated by simply measuring the echo duration. The developed EMAT provides various advantages over conventional two EMAT approach such as fast and direct estimation of change in velocity and thus residual stress in single acquisition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"39 4","pages":"845 - 850"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Probe in to Site Occupancy of Uranium in Barium Aluminium Borate (BaAl2B2O7) Matrix by EXAFS and its Photoluminescence Studies","authors":"Annapurna Rout,&nbsp;S. K. Jha,&nbsp;C. Nayak,&nbsp;D. Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;S. N. Jha","doi":"10.1007/s12647-024-00750-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-024-00750-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A host matrix with a potential of incorporating heavy element like uranium, that have several forms of stabilization is the key interest. Uranium-doped BaAl₂B₂O₇ is synthesized through solution combustion synthesis method. The luminescence studies indicate suitability of this alumino borate matrix to stabilize uranium as uranate (UO₆ ⁶⁻). The uranium life-time values suggest uranium to be surrounded by two different environments with varied defect concentration. The site occupancy of uranium in BaAl₂B₂O₇ is probed through EXAFS studies. It is observed that the preferred sites for uranium incorporation is the Al³⁺ regular lattice sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"39 4","pages":"837 - 843"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12647-024-00750-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient Radiological Condition around an Operating Uranium Mill Tailings Disposal Facility at Turamdih, India","authors":"Rajesh Kumar,&nbsp;V. N. Jha,&nbsp;S. K. Jha,&nbsp;S. K. Sahoo,&nbsp;G. P. Verma,&nbsp;M. S. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1007/s12647-024-00754-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-024-00754-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large quantity of the feed forms part of the solid waste (tailings) slurry in the low grade uranium ore processing plant at Turamdih in Singhbhum region of Jharkhand, India. Coarser size fraction of this waste is used for backfilling of the underground uranium mines and fine fraction is discharged into an engineered impoundment system or tailings pond. Since inception of the discharges, field expeditions have been performed as part of the comprehensive radiological monitoring program for the facility. The monitoring program broadly consists of ambient gamma dose rate, atmospheric ²²²Rn and long lived alpha activity measurement around the facility and the estimation of radionuclide in diverse environmental matrices collected from the adjoining sites. Findings reflect that the radiological conditions are comparable to the pre-existing background level adjoining the tailings pond impoundment. Further, measurements for more than a decade confirm that the atmospheric radon concentration profile just a few meters beyond the embankment is indistinguishable from the background.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"39 4","pages":"829 - 835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12647-024-00754-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Stratified Temporal Noise Monitoring Strategies for Estimation of Day Equivalent Levels in Metropolitan City Delhi, India","authors":"Saurabh Kumar,&nbsp;Naveen Garg,&nbsp;Chitra Gautam","doi":"10.1007/s12647-024-00759-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-024-00759-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work analyses the accuracy of short-term noise monitoring strategies for estimating day equivalent sound levels (<i>L</i>_day or <i>L</i>_{Aeq,6 am–10 pm}) in Delhi city, India. The ambient noise monitoring data collected from 26 real-time noise monitoring stations, installed by Delhi Pollution Control Committee at distinct locations in Delhi city was utilized for the study. It was observed that average of randomly selected 1-h equivalent noise levels monitored in three sampling intervals in a day—06 am to 12 pm; 12 pm to 4 pm; and 4 pm to 10 pm, estimated <i>L</i>_day with an accuracy of ± 3.5 dBA with 95% probability. A dditionally, a stratified temporal sampling strategy for monitoring environment noise levels to estimate the day equivalent level for different zones was proposed with three stratified temporal intervals—9 am to 11 am; 2 pm to 3 pm; and 5 pm to 8 pm for commercial and industrial zones, and 9 am to 11 am; 12 pm to 2 pm; and 5 pm to 8 pm for residential and silence zones. It was observed that the day equivalent noise level can be estimated with an accuracy of ± 2.0 dBA for all the four zones with 95% probability if the noise levels are monitored for 1 h in each of three stratified temporal intervals. The present study may be helpful in conducting noise monitoring and mapping for a larger part of metropolitan cities of India, as continuous long-term (16-h) noise monitoring can be a quite cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive process. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"39 4","pages":"815 - 827"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Multi-Source Temperature Datasets using Statistical Techniques","authors":"Vishal Sharma,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.1007/s12647-024-00756-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-024-00756-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperature is considered as one of the important weather parameters so a qualified study for multi-source dataset is carried out by inspecting different parameters. The maximum temperature (<i>T</i>_<i>max</i>) and minimum temperature (<i>T</i>_<i>min</i>) for the Haridwar district are taken from two distinct sources, including data from the Indian Meteorology Department (IMD) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Initially, NASA Power Larc and IMD datasets are compared using Standard Anomaly graphical representation. Afterwards, different indices were evaluated for Maximum and Minimum Temperature such as Bias, mean absolute error, mean square error, root mean square error. Further, correlation coefficient analysis &amp; Wilcoxon–Mann–Whiney test is carried out to test the equivalence of both datasets. The outcome shows that the yearly standard anomalies of the Power Larc data and the annual standard anomalies of the IMD data both follow the same trend. According to the various indices assessed, MAE, MSE, and RMSE all remain in one standard deviation of the data being observed. Moreover, Power Larc data is well correlated and shows equivalence with IMD dataset. It is observed that both datasets show very strong (0.87) to weak correlation (0.37) for minimum temperature on seasonal scale and strong correlation (0.71) on annual scale. For maximum temperature both datasets show a correlation range of 0.41–0.83 on seasonal scale and weak (0.37) correlation on annual scale. From the correlation values it is observed that both datasets are identical on monthly and seasonal scale. Therefore, it may be concluded that Power Larc dataset is reliable dataset and may be used in place of IMD dataset.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"39 4","pages":"799 - 813"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method Validation of Gas Chromatography and Stability Study for Analysis of Standard Gas Mixtures of Carbon Dioxide in Nitrogen Matrix","authors":"Harry Budiman,&nbsp;Dhan Rasyidan,&nbsp;Arum Ma’rifatun Khikmah","doi":"10.1007/s12647-024-00757-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-024-00757-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Currently, precise and accurate measurements of CO₂ emissions are essential for obtaining valid and reliable monitoring data, which serve as the basis for decision-making by environmental policy makers. In this study, method validation was carried out to measure CO₂ at emission concentrations (1000 μmol/mol and 2.8% mol/mol) using gas chromatography with a thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD). Various parameters of method validation, such as selectivity, limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantification (LoQ), accuracy, precision, linearity, and ruggedness, were investigated thoroughly. The results showed that the GC-TCD method demonstrated good repeatability and intermediate precision, with a % relative standard deviation less than 0.2%, while the bias method had a value between ± 2σ (σ: precision of laboratory result). The relative expanded uncertainty estimations are approximately 0.5% and 0.8% for CO₂ measurements of 2.8% mol/mol and 1000 µmol/mol, respectively. The validated in-house method of GC-TCD is found to be precise, accurate, and fit for the purpose of measuring CO₂ gases in the N₂ matrix and capable of quantifying CO₂ emission levels (1000 µmol/mol and 2.8% mol/mol).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"39 4","pages":"787 - 798"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141377707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Ethernet Traffic Patterns on NTP Servers at CSIR NPL","authors":"Praveen Mounabhargav,&nbsp;Divya Singh Yadav,&nbsp;Deepak Sharma,&nbsp;Ashish Agarwal","doi":"10.1007/s12647-024-00755-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-024-00755-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers are specialized timekeeping devices that provide synchronized and accurate time information to networked devices, ensuring precise coordination and reliability in various critical applications. CSIR-NPL is the National Metrology Institute of India which has the responsibility of time dissemination to the nation. Network time dissemination is one of the services which provide the time synchronization facility over the network via NTP servers. These NTP servers are designated as stratum 1 NTP servers in the network hierarchy as they are taking time from the authoritative atomic clock. NTP servers at CSIR-NPL are available in public domain for time dissemination. Many critical stakeholders such as internet service providers, data centres, various government organizations are the primary customers of CSIR-NPL for time services over the network. Hence, to understand the traffic dynamics coming towards the NTP servers is essential. This study aims to analyze Ethernet traffic patterns directed towards NTP servers at CSIR NPL using open-source monitoring software, i.e., Zabbix and Grafana. The study captures Ethernet traffic throughput in bits per second (bps) coming on NTP servers located at CSIR-NPL. These NTP servers are part of stacks of NTP servers responsible for disseminating Indian Standard Time over the internet. The study involves an investigation of Ethernet throughput to understand the NTP requests (packets per second) arriving for time synchronization and the pattern of incoming NTP request traffic on these servers. To evaluate NTP requests from Ethernet throughput, the conversion of Ethernet traffic from bps to packets per second (pps) is done and validation of the captured Ethernet throughput with actual traffic values obtained from the OEM software is accomplished. The investigation further explores incoming NTP traffic patterns and identifies regions where traffic reaches maximum and minimum loads, as well as its respective peaks and troughs, utilizing 5-day Ethernet datasets. The Savitzky–Golay filter is employed for data smoothing, and the gradient of the smoothed data is calculated to determine distinct regions of the traffic pattern. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of the traffic behaviour directed towards NTP servers for time synchronization, enabling the monitoring of anomalies associated with cybersecurity and contributing to the optimization of network resource allocation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"39 3","pages":"721 - 730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Single-Neuron-Based Temperature Control of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor","authors":"Samir Ladjouzi,&nbsp;Said Grouni","doi":"10.1007/s12647-024-00749-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-024-00749-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, a new technique to determine the best values of a PID controller is presented. The proposed scheme is based on using a single-neuron controller which its weights represent the PID parameters. Weight’s adjustment is accomplished with a recent meta-heuristic algorithm called the DragonFly Algorithm. To show the effectiveness of our method, we have applied it to control a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor. The obtained results are compared with several algorithms: the Ziegler–Nichols, Genetic Algorithm, and Particle Swarm Optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"39 3","pages":"707 - 719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}