IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00875-1

Sudhir Kumar Mishra, Nagendra Kumar Maurya, Abhishek Pandey

{"title":"An Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Epoxy-Al2O3 Polymer Nanocomposites","authors":"Sudhir Kumar Mishra, Nagendra Kumar Maurya, Abhishek Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00875-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00875-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Nowadays, wide application of polymer nanocomposites from automotive parts to medical instruments makes it an important material in engineering field. The knowledge of basic mechanical properties like hardness and impact resistance helps in the determining the real life sustainability of the polymer composites in sudden loading cases.</i> This study investigates the morphological effects of alumina nanoparticles on the impact strength and Shore Hardness Number of epoxy resin nanocomposites. <i>Using the Response Surface Methodology, process parameters like nanoparticle weight percentage, ultrasonication frequency, and time were optimized.</i> Transmission Electron Microscopy confirmed almost uniform dispersion of nanoparticles at lower concentrations; however, <i>agglomeration was observed at higher weight percentages since the alumina nanoparticles were chemically untreated</i>. Scanning Electron Microscopy of fractured surfaces revealed distinct toughening mechanisms such as crack deflection and particle pull-out. Results <i>highlighted</i> the critical role of nanoparticle shape, dispersion quality, and process optimization in enhancing the multifunctional performance of epoxy nanocomposites. A regression model in terms of process parameters were developed for the Shore Hardness Number and impact strength. Maximum value of Shore Hardness Number and impact strength was found to be 113 ± 2.5 (SHN) and 4.52 ± 0.25 (kJ/m<sup>2</sup>) respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"41 1","pages":"63 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147631761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beer’s Law and Lorentz-Lorenz Formula Based Optical Sensor System for Adulterant Detection in Lubricants Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) Model and Decision Tree 基于Beer定律和Lorentz-Lorenz公式的支持向量机模型和决策树的润滑油掺杂检测光学传感器系统

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00873-3

Rashmi Rekha Roy, Sandip Bordoloi

{"title":"Beer’s Law and Lorentz-Lorenz Formula Based Optical Sensor System for Adulterant Detection in Lubricants Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) Model and Decision Tree","authors":"Rashmi Rekha Roy, Sandip Bordoloi","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00873-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00873-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lubricants are vital in mechanical systems, particularly automobiles. Regular analysis of engine oils is essential because degraded oils can damage engines and harm the environment, impacting sustainability. However, research on detecting adulterants in lube oil is limited. The objective of the study is to detect the presence of liquid adulterants in lube oil by measuring its refractive index using an optical sensor system with white-light light emitting diode (LED) and light dependent resistor (LDR)-based sensor. Test samples included fresh lube oil mixed with various concentrations of contaminated oil. Beer’s Law and Lorentz-Lorenz formulas were applied to correlate output potential of mixed samples with their refractive index, molar concentration, mean polarizability, and molar mass at constant temperature and pressure. The optical signal through the cuvette is attenuated by sample’s refractive index, changing output potential as concentrations vary, confirming mathematical analysis from Beer’s Law and Lorentz-Lorenz formula. The absorbance values of the samples show a steady rise as the concentration of the samples vary. The experimental results were validated using machine learning algorithms like support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree. The overall accuracy of the machine learning model was 90.476%. The findings propose a methodology for identifying contaminants and implementing measures to address adulteration during lubricating oil verification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"41 1","pages":"47 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147631830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uncertainty for Metrological Pressure Sensors of Automatic Weather Stations of Indian Himalayas 印度喜马拉雅地区自动气象站计量压力传感器的不确定度

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00866-2

Neeraj Sharma, Ashish Dubey, Ashok Kumar, Rajesh Kumar Garg, Prachi Mishra

{"title":"Uncertainty for Metrological Pressure Sensors of Automatic Weather Stations of Indian Himalayas","authors":"Neeraj Sharma, Ashish Dubey, Ashok Kumar, Rajesh Kumar Garg, Prachi Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00866-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00866-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate measurement of atmospheric pressure is fundamental to reliable meteorological data acquisition with Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) for assessment of Indian Himalayan weather. Despite advancements in sensor technology, pressure measurements remain susceptible to uncertainties stemming from instrumental limitations, calibration procedures, and environmental factors. This study conducts a rigorous uncertainty analysis of a pressure sensor widely deployed in AWS Networks of Indian Himalayas, utilizing data from eight independent calibration trials performed in snow and meteorological secondary calibration laboratory. The analysis adheres to the guidelines outlined in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), encompassing both Type A (statistical) and Type B (non-statistical) uncertainty components. Combined and expanded uncertainties were subsequently computed for each calibration trial. Results demonstrate that the sensor exhibits high repeatability, with most expanded uncertainty values falling within the ± 1.0 hPa limit recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These findings validate the sensor’s reliability for field-level meteorological applications and highlight the critical role of systematic calibration and uncertainty quantification in enhancing the credibility of AWS network of Indian Himalaya.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"41 1","pages":"41 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147631624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and Characterization of Functionally Graded Al2024-Ni Metal Matrix Composite Leaf Plate under T3 Heat Treatment T3热处理功能梯度Al2024-Ni金属基复合材料叶片板的研制与表征

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00872-4

Ranjeet Kumar Singh, Nagendra Kumar Maurya, Ambuj Saxena, Abhishek Pandey, Shailendra Kumar Verma

{"title":"Development and Characterization of Functionally Graded Al2024-Ni Metal Matrix Composite Leaf Plate under T3 Heat Treatment","authors":"Ranjeet Kumar Singh, Nagendra Kumar Maurya, Ambuj Saxena, Abhishek Pandey, Shailendra Kumar Verma","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00872-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00872-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the development and characterization of a functionally graded metal matrix composite (FG-MMC) leaf spring plate fabricated using Al2024 alloy reinforced with nickel (Ni) and subjected to T3 heat treatment to enhance mechanical properties. The leaf spring design incorporates a gradient in Ni content, with 10 wt.% Ni at the center and 1 wt.% Ni at the ends, optimizing strength distribution based on load-bearing requirements. The stir casting technique was employed for fabrication, followed by heat treatment to refine the microstructure and improve mechanical performance. Characterization involved tensile testing, Charpy impact testing, Vickers hardness testing, and microstructural analysis using SEM. The results indicate that T3 heat treatment significantly enhances tensile strength, hardness, and impact resistance, with the center region exhibiting superior mechanical properties due to higher Ni reinforcement. FEA of tensile specimens confirms the experimental findings, with a strong correlation between predicted and measured stress–strain behavior. This research demonstrates that a functionally graded Al2024-Ni composite leaf spring with T3 heat treatment offers improved structural integrity, making it a promising alternative for automotive and aerospace applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"41 1","pages":"11 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147631837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Control of The New Multi-Position Series of Mass Carrier up to 1 kg 1公斤以下新型多工位载重车的设计与控制

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00867-1

B. M. Sayed, Ahmed D. S. Ahmed, Omar Zahra

{"title":"Design and Control of The New Multi-Position Series of Mass Carrier up to 1 kg","authors":"B. M. Sayed, Ahmed D. S. Ahmed, Omar Zahra","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00867-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00867-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate measurement of highly standard masses is the most urgent need in mass metrology. This article concerns the design and control of a new design of a low-cost multi-position series of mass carrier for automatically calibrating standard masses ranging from 10 <i>g</i> up to 1000 <i>g</i>. It has 16 positions for standard and test masses. The system has only two motions. The first is for the x-axis, while the other is for the y-axis. These motions are sufficient to complete the calibration procedures successfully. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) confirmed the structural integrity of both the frame and multi-position mass carrier, demonstrating stresses well below material yield limits and minimal displacements. A detailed description of the system and its preliminary design are presented. The motors’ sizes are selected carefully to verify their stability during the measuring process. Then, the control design is applied to automate the system using a Graphic User Interface (GUI). Experimental works are carried out on mass standards to validate the design and control. The expanded uncertainty of measurement is 0.02 <i>mg</i> up to 0.09 <i>mg</i> at a confidence level of <span>(95%)</span> with a coverage factor of 2 for 10 <i>g</i> to 1000 <i>g</i>, respectively. According to the obtained results, the new system proves its feasibility study based on the design, control, and calibration results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"41 1","pages":"23 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147631838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Metrological Perspective Review for Reliable and Traceable Sensor Networks 可靠和可追溯传感器网络的计量学观点综述

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00868-0

Nitin Kumar Mishra

引用次数: 0

Correction: Design, Development, and Characterization of Cross Beam Force Transducer for Low Force Measurement 修正：用于低力测量的横梁力传感器的设计、开发和特性

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00858-2

Vikas, S. S. K. Titus, R. Kumar, S. K. Gautam

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Study of Die-Sinking and Near-Dry EDM Using MADM-Based Parameter Optimization 基于madm的冲模与近干电火花加工参数优化比较研究

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00864-4

Ajit, Deepak Kumar Bhalla, Sanjay Sundriyal

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Die-Sinking and Near-Dry EDM Using MADM-Based Parameter Optimization","authors":"Ajit, Deepak Kumar Bhalla, Sanjay Sundriyal","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00864-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00864-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Near-dry electric discharge machining (ND-EDM) has emerged as an advanced and sustainable technique for precision machining of hard and resilient materials. This study investigates the ND-EDM of EN-31 steel with the objective of optimizing key performance characteristics, including material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), residual stress (RS), and microhardness (MH). The influence of discharge current, pulse on/off time, gap voltage, and mist pressure was systematically examined using an L27 orthogonal array. Experimental results were analyzed through Taguchi-based Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) in combination with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to identify significant process factors. Furthermore, an objective weighting methodology incorporating standard deviation and multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) optimization was employed to establish the most favorable parameter combination. The results confirmed that the <b>A1B1C1D1</b> setup yielded the most balanced machining performance, achieving higher productivity with improved surface integrity. The integration of MADM with ND-EDM provides a novel framework for sustainable machining optimization, demonstrating clear industrial advantages over conventional die-sinking EDM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 4","pages":"1075 - 1096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Development of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Automotive Applications 汽车用氧化铜纳米颗粒的可持续发展

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00855-5

J Prabhakaran, Harveer Singh Pali, Nishant Kumar Singh

{"title":"Sustainable Development of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Automotive Applications","authors":"J Prabhakaran, Harveer Singh Pali, Nishant Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00855-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00855-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Copper oxide nanoparticles have sparked widespread interest due to their outstanding characteristics, making them intriguing candidates for a variety of applications, including bio-lubricants. This work investigates the synthesis, characterization, and prospective uses of CuO NPs in the context of sustainable technologies, specifically in the automobile industry. In the present work, CuO is synthesized through chemical precipitation methods followed by a calcination process. The calcination process is conducted at various temperature levels, forming pure copper oxide at a temperature of 1000 °C. The properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed by a field emission scanning electron microscope, which shows the spherical structure of CuO. X-ray diffraction declares the improved crystal structure of the phase analysis after calcination, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows the purity of CuO after calcination at 1000 °C. The economic viability of the suggested synthesis technique was evaluated, revealing a production cost of INR 170.6 per gram, which is much cheaper than the current market price. This shows that the suggested technique might produce CuO NPs on a large scale at a low cost.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 4","pages":"1097 - 1112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban Road Traffic Noise Modelling In The Mid-Sized City Of Agartala: Using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) And Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Techniques 阿加塔拉中型城市道路交通噪声建模：基于多元线性回归和人工神经网络技术

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

MAPAN Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-025-00863-5

Bulti Das, Arti Kumari, Tuhin Kanti Ray, Eshita Boral

{"title":"Urban Road Traffic Noise Modelling In The Mid-Sized City Of Agartala: Using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) And Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Techniques","authors":"Bulti Das, Arti Kumari, Tuhin Kanti Ray, Eshita Boral","doi":"10.1007/s12647-025-00863-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12647-025-00863-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Road traffic noise is a significant source of environmental pollution in urban areas, with increasing traffic leading to elevated noise levels that adversely affect city life. As a result, ongoing research globally focused on controlling and mitigating traffic noise. This problem is particularly severe near intersections, where inadequate planning and the absence of noise reduction strategies exacerbate the situation. Therefore, this study develops a traffic noise model for the mid-sized city of Agartala to evaluate vehicular noise levels at intersections. It evaluates two noise prediction models, multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate the equivalent sound level (Leq), using variables like total hourly vehicles, percentage of heavy vehicles, vehicle speed, road width, temperature, and humidity. The ANN model outperformed the regression model, achieving an r of 0.956, R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9139, MSE of 1.74, RMSE of 1.32, MAPE% of 1.41, and an accuracy (± 1 dBA) of 83.87%. In contrast, the regression model had an r of 0.905, R<sup>2</sup> of 0.8187, MSE of 3.57, RMSE of 1.89, MAPE% of 2.20, and an accuracy (± 1 dBA) of 48.39%. ANN is a highly effective tool for modelling traffic noise. The study’s outcomes could serve as valuable resources for noise modelling consultants and urban planners mapping traffic noise in mid-sized urban areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":689,"journal":{"name":"MAPAN","volume":"40 4","pages":"1023 - 1040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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