Macromolecular Research最新文献

{"title":"Thermal insulation properties of a rigid polyurethane foam synthesized via emulsion-template","authors":"Junsu Chae,&nbsp;Seong-Bae Min,&nbsp;Siyoung Q. Choi","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00326-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00326-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One approach to reducing the thermal conductivity of polymer foams, commonly employed as insulation materials, involves decreasing the pore size. By reducing the pore size to a few microns or less, the Knudsen effect can occur, leading to a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the gas within the pores. Consequently, there has been significant research on reducing pore size to this scale. However, the majority of studies have focused on thermoplastic polymer foams, leaving cross-linked thermoset foams relatively understudied. Rigid polyurethane foam, a typical thermoset polymer foam, generally exhibits pore sizes primarily above 100 µm. Unlike thermoplastic foams, rigid polyurethane foams are produced by mixing prepolymers, leading to the formation of numerous bubbles inside. This characteristic makes it challenging to produce foams with pore sizes smaller than the initial bubbles due to non-classical nucleation via these bubbles. In this study, a novel emulsion-template process was employed to address these limitations. This process involved dispersing oil droplets of several microns in the prepolymer to form an emulsion, initiating a urethane reaction, and subsequently removing the dispersed phase. As a result, rigid polyurethane foams with pores of several microns were successfully produced. Furthermore, it was confirmed that these micropores positively impacted the foam’s thermal insulation performance.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Rigid polyurethane foam with bimodal pore size distribution can be made via emulsion template. Gas filling small pores (~ 1 μm) has a lower thermal conductivity than gas filling large pores (&gt; 100 μm), even if the gas composition is the same.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 2","pages":"225 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable and antioxidant lignin-adsorbed polylactic acid microparticles for eco-friendly primary microparticles","authors":"Yeji Kim,&nbsp;Yewon Jang,&nbsp;Jiho Min,&nbsp;Sung-Kon Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00320-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00320-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The severity of environmental and ecological pollution caused by microplastics has become a prominent global concern. In this study, we prepare biodegradable microplastics to replace primary microplastics used as solid raw materials in personal care and cosmetics, synthesizing them using eco-friendly materials, including polylactic acid (PLA, base material), decyl glucoside and lignin (co-surfactants). Employing a solvent evaporation method, uniform spherical microparticles with an average diameter of approximately 5.5 μm are produced. They are potentially harmless to humans and the environment. During the process, lignin adsorbs onto the surface of PLA through non-covalent interactions, forming Lig@PLA microparticles. Additionally, the aqueous solution used in the process can be reused at least four times, presenting both economic and environmental benefits. The Lig@PLA microparticles exhibit approximately 1.3-fold faster biodegradation and 163 times higher antioxidant activity compared to neat PLA due to the presence of lignin on the PLA surface. Consequently, the biodegradable microplastics developed in this study demonstrate potential for use as solid raw materials in personal care products and cosmetics and offer a promising solution to mitigate environmental and ecological pollution by microplastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 2","pages":"167 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial polymer coatings on surfaces: preparation and activity","authors":"Sangwon Ko,&nbsp;Jae-Young Lee,&nbsp;Duckshin Park,&nbsp;Kyunghoon Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00325-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00325-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial polymers have been intensively studied as a promising strategy to suppress the growth of microbes and mitigate the transmission of pathogens owing to their distinctive properties, such as high molecular weights, tunable structures, functionality, and polyvalency. Unlike the monomers, the repetitive structure and polyvalency of polymers enable robust interactions with the target surfaces to provide synergetic functionality. Antimicrobial polymers have a great variety of adjustable chain lengths and surface chemistry. Furthermore, their backbones can be functionalized with bioactive substituents to interact with cell membranes, lipids, and proteins. The surface coating methods and the resulting antimicrobial activities depend on polymer characteristics, such as the combination of monomers, synthetic methods, contact time, and substrates. This review focuses on representative antimicrobial polymers, including hydrophilic and ionic polymers, polysaccharides, and copolymers containing amine groups and quaternary ammonium cations (QACs). The surface application strategies and antimicrobial properties for each polymer type are also discussed to provide inspiration for the advanced design of antimicrobial polymers.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Schematic illustration of antifouling- or microbicidal polymers coated on solid surfaces.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 2","pages":"137 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent achievements in conjugated polymer-based gas sensors by side-chain engineering","authors":"Jinhyun Hwang,&nbsp;Jiho Shin,&nbsp;Wi Hyoung Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00318-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00318-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent advancements in conjugated polymer-based gas sensors have highlighted the critical role of side-chain engineering in optimizing organic field-effect transistor (OFET) performance for gas detection. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how structural modifications of side chains in conjugated polymers affect the electrical properties of OFETs, as well as the sensitivity and selectivity of OFET-based gas sensors. We first explore modifications of alkyl side chains and their impact on the electrical characteristics of conjugated polymers. Then, we discuss how functionalized side chains and additives can significantly enhance sensor performance by improving detection limits and selectivity. Special attention is given to glycol-based side chains, particularly in enhancing NO₂ sensitivity, and the role of alkyl side chain length in tuning gas sensing capabilities. This review aims to elucidate the intricate relationships between side chain modifications and sensor performance, offering insights for the development of advanced OFET-based gas sensors with improved sensitivity and selectivity.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discarded bamboo chopstick cellulose-based fibers for bio-based polybutylene succinate composite reinforcement","authors":"Laongdaw Techawinyutham,&nbsp;Rapeeporn Srisuk,&nbsp;Wiroj Techawinyutham,&nbsp;Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa,&nbsp;Suchart Siengchin","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00324-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00324-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The excessive use of disposable chopsticks generates a significant amount of waste, particularly waste bamboo chopsticks (WBC). This study aims to reduce waste and enhance the value of WBC by extracting bamboo fibers and reinforcing them in a biopolymer matrix. Research on WBC/polymer composites, especially those utilizing extracted bamboo fibers in a biopolymer matrix, is limited. In this research, the bamboo fibers extracted from WBC and bamboo plant are reinforced into a biopolymer called polybutylene succinate (PBS) at varying levels from 0 to 40wt% with increments of 10wt%. The characteristics of composites made from WBC fiber and PBS are analyzed and compared with those of PBS incorporating bamboo fibers obtained directly from bamboo plants. The evaluation focuses on various aspects, including morphology, mechanical strength, thermal properties, and rheological characteristics. The results showed that introducing WBC fibers into the PBS matrix did not significantly compromise the properties or thermal stability of the composites when contrasted with bamboo fibers sourced from bamboo plants and used in PBS composites. The WBC fiber/PBS composites displayed slightly superior mechanical and rheological properties compared to composites incorporating bamboo plant fibers in PBS. The results affirm that bamboo fibers extracted from WBC can effectively reinforce biopolymer composites.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 2","pages":"207 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer-induced surface wrinkling and imine polymer-based doping of sol–gel zinc oxide in electrolyte-gated transistors","authors":"Taeheon Kwak,&nbsp;Hyeonjin Yang,&nbsp;Junwoo Chung,&nbsp;Minjae Kim,&nbsp;Seongmin Jung,&nbsp;Gisu Park,&nbsp;Felix Sunjoo Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00315-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00315-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report that thin-film morphology of sol–gel zinc oxide (ZnO) and their n-doping characteristics can be controlled using polymers, enabling high-performance n-type electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs). The wrinkled surface of ZnO films was induced by dissolving an insulating polymer, for example, poly(4-vinyl phenol) (PVPh) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), into the ZnO precursor solutions, followed by drying at 210 °C. The roughness peaked when the polymer composition was 2.5 wt%. The wavelength (λ) of the wrinkling structure was varied depending on the added polymer (0.49 μm for PVPh and 0.74 μm for PHEMA). For n-doping of the ZnO films, polyethylenimine (PEI) was deposited on the composite films, followed by high-temperature annealing at 500 °C. The constituent polymers (PVPh/PHEMA and PEI) were found decomposed after the heat treatment. The resulting n-doped ZnO films showed excellent electrical characteristics when used as a channel layer in EGTs based on a solid-state ion-gel. The device has a high electron mobility of 63.7 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ when ZnO channel was made with 1.0% of PVPh in the precursor.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Thin films of sol–gel precursors of ZnO mixed with an insulating polymer form wrinkled surface during drying and become more susceptible to n-doping from a nitrogen-rich polymer by thermal annealing, enabling the mobility enhancement of ZnO in electrolyte-gated transistors.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"49 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of MIL-101(Fe)-embedded biopolymeric films and their biomedical applications","authors":"Banu Kocaaga,&nbsp;Gamze Bagimsiz,&nbsp;Ibrahim Avni Alev,&nbsp;Mehran Aliari Miavaghi,&nbsp;Ahmet Sirkecioglu,&nbsp;Saime Batirel,&nbsp;Fatma Seniha Guner","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00305-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00305-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of wound-dressing materials with superior therapeutic effects, controlled bioactive agent release, and optimal mechanical properties is crucial in healthcare. This study introduces innovative hydrogel films designed for the sustained release of the local anesthetic drug Procaine (PC), triggered by pH changes. These films are composed of MIL-101(Fe) particles and pectin polymers. MIL-101(Fe) was chosen for its high surface area, stability in aqueous environments, and biocompatibility, ensuring low toxicity to normal cells. MIL-101(Fe)-embedded-pectin hydrogels were synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, particle size analysis, and goniometry. Rheological analysis assessed the hydrogels’ viscoelastic behavior, and UV-spectrophotometry was utilized for drug loading and release studies. The hydrogels exhibited shear-thinning properties, enhancing shape adaptability and recovery, crucial for wound-dressing applications. Controlled drug release was achieved by maintaining the PC solution’s pH between 8.2 and 9.8 during the drug-loading step. The hydrogel film’s impact on wound healing was evaluated through an in vitro wound healing assay, and cytotoxicity was assessed using a WST-1 cell proliferation assay with human dermal fibroblast cells. Results demonstrated that pectin composites enhance cell viability and support fibroblast cell migration without adverse effects, indicating their potential for effective wound healing applications. This study highlights the potential of MIL-101(Fe)-embedded-pectin hydrogels in advancing wound care technology.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>\u0000MIL-101(Fe)-embedded pectin film as wound dressing</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"32 12","pages":"1211 - 1226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13233-024-00305-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of functional atomic force microscopy at the interface of polymer nanocomposite dielectrics","authors":"Ting Tian,&nbsp;Hongwei Lu,&nbsp;Shijia Yang,&nbsp;Jinqi Qin,&nbsp;Shile Ma,&nbsp;Jingyi Meng,&nbsp;Yuxuan Huang,&nbsp;Linsheng Yang,&nbsp;Haiyang Mao,&nbsp;Weitao Su","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00307-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00307-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interface is one of the most important factors affecting the macroscopic properties of polymer nanocomposite dielectrics. However, the study of the interface still faces many challenges, such as the evolution mechanism of the interface microstructure, interface compatibility, interface polarization, and the internal mechanism of crystallization. Due to the lack of direct observation and characterization of the interface, the theoretical research is seriously hindered. The influence of the nanoparticles embedded in the nanodielectric and the interfacial region on charge transport and accumulation is still unclear. Since the nanoscale interface is beyond the spatial resolution of traditional analytical techniques, the understanding of the interfacial charge behavior of polymer nanocomposites is largely dependent on speculation and indirect experimental results. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), as a nanometer high-resolution measuring instrument, has become an important means to study the interfacial microregions of polymer nanocomposite dielectrics. In this paper, the latest research progress of various interface models and functional AFM in interface structure, charge transport, and interface polarization are reviewed. The existing problems and possible development directions in the future are also discussed.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>Nanodielectrics show excellent dielectric properties, and many scholars try to explain this phenomenon from different angles, among which, the interface effect between nanoparticles and polymer matrix has aroused great interest of researchers. However, due to the complexity of the interface region, it is impossible to intuitively obtain the microstructure and interaction mechanism between the polymer chain and the nanoparticles in the interface region, so researchers have proposed different interface models to speculate and explain the macroscopic properties of the nanocomposites. Such as diffusion electric double layer model, multi-core model, interphase volume model, double layer model, water shell model, multi-zone structure model, penetration theory model, three-dimensional electrostatic model, deep trap model, etc.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"32 12","pages":"1159 - 1185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic performance of copper ferrite/polypyrrole nanohybrids: studies on visible light induced degradation of urea and microwave-assisted degradation of polyethylene films","authors":"Shayista Gaffar,&nbsp;Ufana Riaz","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00311-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00311-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work reports formulation of nanohybrids of CuFe₂O₄ using polypyrrole (PPy) in the weight ratios of 1%, 3% and 5%. The synthesized nanohybrids were characterized using FTIR, UV–Vis, XRD and SEM–EDS. The optical band gaps were calculated to be 2.31 eV, 2.11 eV and 1.74 eV for 1-PPy/CuFe₂O₄, 3-PPy/CuFe₂O₄, and 5-PPy/CuFe₂O₄, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of urea and polyethene (PE) was carried out under visible light irradiation to study the effect of degradation of pollutants in presence of an organic–inorganic hybrid photocatalyst. The nanohybrids showed superior photocatalytic performance when compared with pure CuFe₂O₄. The maximum photocatalytic degradation was found to be 62% within 120 min using 5-Ppy/CuFe₂O₄ as photocatalyst and 40% degradation of PE films was achieved under microwave irradiation. The catalysts showed promising results for the highly efficient degradation of polymers.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Photocatalytic activity of polypyrrole/copper ferrite nanohybrids</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"15 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13233-024-00311-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lanthanide-doped zinc gallium oxide (ZnGa2O4) nanocrystals and their engineered photoluminescence","authors":"Kihyo Kim,&nbsp;Kicheol Kim,&nbsp;Hyo-Geun Kwon,&nbsp;Sunghoon Kim,&nbsp;Sang-Wook Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13233-024-00312-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-024-00312-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zinc gallate (ZnGa₂O₄) has been introduced in various studies as a good host phosphorescent material, and the change of its optical properties by ion doping has received much attention. However, ZnGa₂O₄ is mostly synthesized through solid-state reactions, the reaction conditions of high temperature and pressure were required, and its low dispersibility often limited its applications. In this study, we synthesized normal spinel structured ZnGa₂O₄ nanocrystals through a colloidal method. Lanthanide doping specifically with europium and terbium resulted in red (614 nm, photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY): 2.2%) and green (545 nm, PLQY: 13.6%) emissions under 254 nm UV excitation. By applying the novel co-doping system of europium and terbium to the synthesis of colloidal ZnGa₂O₄ for the first time, we were able to achieve various color conversions including green, red, and white by adjusting amount and ratio of lanthanide ions.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3><p>PL emission spectra by adjusting the ratios of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ doping and the CIE 1931 chromatography diagram of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ co-doping system of ZnGa₂O₄ nanocrystals</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"69 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}