Macromolecular Research最新文献

{"title":"Formation of substrate-independent antifouling coatings using a tyrosine-conjugated trimethylamine N-oxide derivative (Tyr-TMAO)","authors":"Jaesik Yang,&nbsp;Yubin Hong,&nbsp;Suho Park,&nbsp;Daeun Chu,&nbsp;Daewha Hong","doi":"10.1007/s13233-025-00447-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-025-00447-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trimethylamine <i>N</i>-oxide (TMAO), which is a naturally occurring osmolyte in marine organisms, has recently attracted attention as a zwitterionic building block for antifouling materials due to its strong hydration capabilities via hydrogen bonding. To translate this hydration-driven behavior into a practical coating strategy, a bioinspired material was designed based on the synthesis of a tyrosine-conjugated TMAO derivative (Tyr-TMAO). Upon enzymatic oxidation by tyrosinase, Tyr-TMAO spontaneously forms superhydrophilic films on a wide range of substrates under aqueous conditions, without the requirements for chemical oxidants. The resulting coatings exhibited excellent antifouling performances, effectively preventing fibrinogen adsorption and NIH 3T3 cell adhesion. This water-based, single-step approach based on enzymatic catalysis offers a broad substrate compatibility and highlights the potential of Tyr-TMAO coatings for use in marine antifouling, biomedical devices, and biosensing applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>A tyrosine-conjugated TMAO derivative (Tyr-TMAO) was synthesized, whose enzymatic oxidation under aqueous conditions led to the formation of poly(Tyr-TMAO) films on a wide range of substrates. The resulting films exhibited effective antifouling performances against both protein adsorption and cell adhesion.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 9","pages":"1263 - 1269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response surface method (RSM) for optimization of electrical properties of polymer/CdS composites for dielectric capacitors","authors":"Gülben Torğut,&nbsp;Rabia İncesu","doi":"10.1007/s13233-025-00448-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-025-00448-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims to present the statistical evaluation of dielectric constant (έ) and conductivity (σ) performance of composites preparing Maleic Anhydride (MA) and Styrene (St) polymer with various amounts of Cadmium Sülfide (CdS) by analysis of variance (ANOVA) model. For this purpose, frequency, applied voltage and CdS amount at different weight percentages were selected as input factors while dielectric constant and conductivity of the composites were selected as the response. Analysis of input factors was performed, RSM method was designed and used for estimation of response factor. From the analysis results, we found that high values of dielectric constant and conductivity were strongly related to frequency and CdS amount. However, we found that applied voltage in the selected ranges did not have a significant effect on both factors. The structural properties of the composites were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The presence of CdS in polymers has been proven by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The thermal properties of polymers were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>\u0000RSM for optimization of the electrical properties of polymer</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 9","pages":"1245 - 1262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covalently constructed multicompartment polymer nanoparticles via architecture-controlled polymerization","authors":"Yunji Jung,&nbsp;Boominathan Muniyappan,&nbsp;Myungeun Seo","doi":"10.1007/s13233-025-00429-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-025-00429-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multicompartment polymer nanoparticles, such as two-faced Janus and patchy particles composed of distinct chemical features, have received increasing attention because of their utility for interfacial and self-assembly applications originating from the asymmetric particulate structure. This review discusses such nanoparticles in several tens of nanometers produced by controlled polymerizations, which enable scalable synthesis with control of molecular characteristics. We focus on miktoarm core cross-linked star polymers and Janus core–shell bottlebrush polymers as 0D and 1D anisotropic nano-objects containing a discrete core and a compartmentalized shell. We discuss how controlled polymerizations can covalently build such complex architectures with spatial control of the constituting segments to achieve intramolecular segregation. Then, we collectively view their distinct interfacial and self-assembling behaviors reported in the literature from experimental and simulation perspectives. </p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3><p>\u0000In this review, we discuss synthetic approaches to compartmentalized core cross-linked star and bottlebrush copolymers composed of chemically distinct segments and their self-assembly/interfacial behavior as Janus and patchy soft nanoparticles with spherical and elongated geometries.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 8","pages":"1003 - 1013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13233-025-00429-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of polyurethane precursors comprising pyrazole-blocking waterborne polyurethane dispersion and recycled polyol to optical poly(ethylene terephthalate) films","authors":"Yoon-Jung Jang,&nbsp;Jeong-Sam Kim,&nbsp;Soo-Young Park","doi":"10.1007/s13233-025-00414-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-025-00414-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we investigated the application of polyurethane (PU) coating on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films for optical film applications using pyrazole-blocked waterborne PU dispersion (PUD) (PUDpy) and PET-recycled polyol. Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, ultra-micro hardness tests, ellipsometry and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy were used to analyse the deblocking process for PUDpy, the reaction between PUDpy and polyol and the optical properties of the PU-coated PET film. The PU-coated PET films prepared in this study were clear, smooth and transparent enough for optical film applications. The deblocking of pyrazole and activation of isocyanate (NCO) groups started at 100 °C and ended at 180 °C, and the PU reaction between the activated NCO and polyol started immediately after NCO activation and lasted up to a maximum operation temperature of 240 °C. Notably, the PU reaction continued even after cooling to room temperature (25 °C), thereby necessitating a post-curing process to achieve complete curing. As the polyol content in the coating layer increased, the refractive index increased, whereas the coating layer hardness decreased. The evaluation of the compositional effects of the PUDpy:polyol precursor solution indicated that the optimal optical and mechanical properties of the PU-coated PET film were achieved when equal amounts of PUDpy and polyol were used in the precursor solution.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>The polyurethane (PU)-coated PET optical films were prepared using pyrazole-blocked waterborne PU dispersion (PUD) (PUDpy) and PET-recycled polyol.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 9","pages":"1175 - 1184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of eco-friendly composite of carbon black (CB) with polyhydroxy butyrate–co-polylactic acid (PHB–co-PLA) for effective electromagnetic interference shielding","authors":"Hee Jeong Park,&nbsp;Yongseok Yoo,&nbsp;Young-Hoon Lee,&nbsp;Sung Woo Hong,&nbsp;Sungkoo Lee,&nbsp;Jong-Min Jeon,&nbsp;Jeong-Jun Yoon,&nbsp;Yung-Eun Sung,&nbsp;Jea Woong Jo,&nbsp;Se-Woong Baek,&nbsp;Seunghwan Bae","doi":"10.1007/s13233-025-00410-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-025-00410-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, the rapid development of electronic science and technology has led to concerns about electromagnetic pollution, which poses significant risk to human health. However, traditional metal-based electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are heavy and have poor chemical resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop lightweight composites that exhibit excellent chemical resistance. Although plastic is generally used in such composite materials, it has contributed to environmental pollution. Therefore, to address the two problems of environmental and electromagnetic pollution, the present study examines the use of the green polymer, polyhydroxy butyrate–<i>co</i>-polylactic acid (PHB–<i>co</i>-PLA), along with carbon black (CB), to prepare composite materials via a simple hot-pressing method. The miscibility of the composite is confirmed via XRD, FT-IR, and SEM analysis. Moreover, the as-fabricated composite materials exhibit improved mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and EMI shielding effects (SEs) compared to those of the pure PHB–<i>co</i>-PLA. In particular, the composite with 15 wt.% CB exhibits an EMI SE of up to 25.31 dB, thereby shielding 99.70% of the electromagnetic energy. The outstanding performance of these composites gives them tremendous potential for various applications in mitigating electromagnetic interference issues.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>This study presents a sustainable and lightweight composite based on PHB-co-PLA and carbon black (CB), fabricated via a simple hot-pressing process, as an effective alternative to conventional metal-based EMI shielding materials. The composite demonstrates improved electrical conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness (up to 25.31 dB at 15 wt% CB), attributed to the conductive network formation and enhanced interfacial compatibility. This environmentally friendly approach offers a practical solution to mitigate both electromagnetic and plastic pollution.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 9","pages":"1139 - 1148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of polymer crystallinity on the spatial distribution of dopant in sequentially solution-doped conjugated polymer thin films","authors":"Yongkyeong Lee,&nbsp;Seung Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Daegun Kim,&nbsp;Hansol Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13233-025-00416-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-025-00416-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sequential solution doping is one of the most frequently used methods for doping conjugated polymer films. Since the spatial distribution of dopants in doped polymer films significantly influences their electrical properties, elucidating how various material parameters affect the dopant distribution in sequentially solution-doped polymer films is of great importance. This study investigates the effect of crystallinity in conjugated polymer thin films on the spatial distribution of dopants along the out-of-plane direction. The results show that higher crystallinity in polymer films leads to a more non-uniform dopant distribution, with a greater composition of dopants at the film surface compared to the bulk. This phenomenon is attributed to the crystallinity-dependent swellability of polymer films, where films with higher crystallinity exhibit lower swellability, resulting in less efficient dopant diffusion from the surface to the bulk compared to films with lower crystallinity.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3><p>This study explores how crystallinity in conjugated polymer thin films affects dopant distribution during sequential solution doping, revealing that higher crystallinity results in a more nonuniform distribution, with greater dopant compositions at the surface than in the bulk. This is due to lower swellability, which limits effective dopant diffusion from the surface to the bulk.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 9","pages":"1185 - 1193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyurethanes synthesized from diisocyanate trimers and polyethylene glycol undergo crosslinking via thermally reversible Diels–Alder reactions","authors":"Heru Santoso,&nbsp;Sabrina Aufar Salma,&nbsp;Frita Yuliati,&nbsp;Shayrilla Chairunnisa Nur Afifa,&nbsp;Sumarno Sumarno","doi":"10.1007/s13233-025-00400-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-025-00400-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of self-healing polyurethane (PU) polymers were synthesized via the Diels–Alder reaction between the furan-functionalized PU prepolymer and bismaleimide (BMI). The PU prepolymer is a reaction product of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a pentamethylene diisocyanate trimer (PDI-t). Furfuryl amine was attached to the terminal isocyanic groups of PU, resulting in furfuryl amine polyurethane (PU-FA). PU-FA was cross-linked via dynamic bonds between the furan groups and BMI, generating reversible bonds with the material. This study explored reversible polymer networks under various thermal conditions, including different reaction parameters, prepolymer ratios, and healing temperatures, to evaluate the healing capabilities of these polymers. The results demonstrated that PU-DA exhibits thermal reversibility, as evidenced by the appearance of an endothermic peak in the DSC analysis, indicating bond cleavage via the retro-Diels–Alder (r-DA) reaction. This endothermic peak re-emerged after cooling at 70 °C for 24 h, further confirming the reversibility of the reaction. Additionally, crack healing in the PU-DA film was facilitated by the synergistic effects of the thermally reversible Diels–Alder reaction and the thermal mobility of molecular chains. The self-healing performance evaluation revealed that PU-DA samples with an NCO/OH ratio of 1.5 exhibited a reduction in tensile strength after healing compared to the original PU-DA specimens before heat treatment. Conversely, samples with an NCO/OH ratio of 3 demonstrated a healing efficiency exceeding 100%, attributed to the enhanced cross-link density, which contributed to a more robust network structure.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div><p>In this study, self-healing Diels-Alder polyurethane (PU-DA) was successfully synthesized using PDI trimer. The findings confirmed that the material's healing mechanism is activated by the reversible interaction between furan and maleimide groups within PU-DA, enabling it to autonomously repair structural damage</p></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 8","pages":"1015 - 1028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of active molecular chitosan with selective molecular weight and its potential to promote wound healing","authors":"Eung Take Lee,&nbsp;Hyun Jyung Oh,&nbsp;Yewon Choi,&nbsp;Hong Seog Seo,&nbsp;Yong Hyun Lee,&nbsp;Jae Kweon Park,&nbsp;Sik Namgoong","doi":"10.1007/s13233-025-00412-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-025-00412-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chitosan of various molecular weights are known to have biocompatibility, angiogenic, antimicrobial, and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. However, the intricacies of wound healing using hydrogel formulations in vivo require further investigation. In this study, high-molecular-weight chitosan (HMWC) was sequentially treated with immobilized chitosanase to synthesize active molecular chitosan (AMC). The antimicrobial activity and wound-healing effect of AMC-based hydrogels were evaluated. Two types of AMC-based hydrogel, namely AMC-based hydrogel-h (AMC-h) from the hydrolysis of HMWC and AMC-based hydrogel-w (AMC-w) from water-soluble chitosan, were investigated for efficacy against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and in vivo wound healing. Subsequently, 48 full-thickness wounds were created in the BALB/c nude mice. The wounds were treated with AMC-h, AMC-w, or phosphate-buffered saline as controls. Collagen synthesis and the production of VEGF and TGF-β were quantified using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. AMC-h treatment significantly reduced the unhealed wound areas and displayed potent antimicrobial activity. It also promoted higher collagen synthesis and more substantial wound contraction than AMC-w. Taken together, our results demonstrate that AMC-h has the potential to accelerate wound healing using hydrogel formulations by enhancing antimicrobial activity, collagen synthesis, and wound contraction.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 9","pages":"1205 - 1218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionically cross-linked chitosan-oxalate/Al2O3 nanocomposite for highly efficient removal of eosin y dye: adsorption isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic, and process optimization using BBD-RSM","authors":"Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed,&nbsp;Rima Heider Al Omari,&nbsp;Sultan Althahban,&nbsp;Yosef Jazaa,&nbsp;Mahmoud Abualhaija,&nbsp;Sameer Algburi","doi":"10.1007/s13233-025-00403-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-025-00403-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, an ionically cross-linked chitosan-oxalate/Al₂O₃ (CHS-OXA/Al₂O₃) mesoporous nanocomposite was prepared by modifying the natural macromolecular biopolymer (chitosan, CHS) with a metal oxide nanomaterial (aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃ nanoparticles) and then using an ionic cross-linking method with oxalate (OXA). The physicochemical properties of CHS-OXA/Al₂O₃ have been comprehensively analyzed using methods like FTIR, XRD, BET, pH_pzc, and FESEM-EDX. Box–Behnken design (BBD) was adopted to analyze the efficacy of CHS-OXA/Al₂O₃ in eliminating eosin y (EOY) dye from an aqueous solution. The study included many aspects that influence the adsorption process, including the quantity of CHS-OXA/Al₂O₃ (ranging from 0.01 to 0.07 g), the duration of the process (10–40 min), and the pH level (ranging from 4 to 10). The highest EOY decolorization (98.4%) was attained at a pH of 4, a dosage of 0.053 g CHS-OXA/Al₂O₃, and a removal time of 39.6 min. The equilibrium behavior of EOY on CHS-OXA/Al₂O₃ matched well with the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetics data of EOY adsorption by CHS-OXA/Al₂O₃ were well characterized using a pseudo-first-order model. The computed enthalpy ΔH° was endothermic (13.04 kJ/mol), the entropy ΔS° was positive (0.066 kJ/molK), and Gibb's free energy ΔG° was negative (6.83–8.85 kJ/mol) according to the thermodynamic studies, confirming that the adsorption process is spontaneous. The CHS-OXA/Al₂O₃ material possesses an adsorption ability of 378.6 mg/g. This work showcases the outstanding capacity of CHS-OXA/Al₂O₃ as a very effective adsorbent for eliminating synthetic dyes from wastewater.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>A chitosan-based nanocomposite of ionically crosslinked chitosan-oxalate/Al₂O₃ nanoparticles was synthesized. The chitosan-based nanocomposite exhibited high efficiency in removing eosin Y dye from water. Adsorption mechanisms included electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and n-π interactions</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 8","pages":"1069 - 1084"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired reinforcement of MXene composites: tannic acid and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers for enhanced mechanical and oxidation stability","authors":"Yeonghyeon Lee,&nbsp;Yeongbeom Hong,&nbsp;Bong Sup Shim","doi":"10.1007/s13233-025-00395-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13233-025-00395-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MXenes, two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides, and nitrides exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and tunable surface properties, making them highly attractive for applications in energy storage, catalysis, and sensing. However, MXenes (e.g., Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i>) suffer from mechanical brittleness and poor oxidation stability, limiting their applicability and long-term durability. In this study, we present a composite integrating MXene with TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) derived from tunicate and tannic acid (TA). TOCN possesses high mechanical strength due to the high crystallinity of tunicate, while carboxyl groups introduced by TEMPO-mediated oxidation facilitate improved interfacial bonding with MXene layers. TA, a natural polyphenol with excellent oxidation resistance, further integrates MXene and TOCN by strong hydrogen bonding. The fabricated MXene/TA/TOCN composite demonstrated significantly improved mechanical strength of 98.3 MPa and oxidation resistance while maintaining good electrical conductivity (81.4 S/cm). This synergistic integration of TA and TOCN highlights the potential of MXene/TA/TOCN for energy storage devices and flexible electronic applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>We integrated tannic acid (TA) and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) with MXene to overcome its inherent poor oxidative stability and durability. The resulting MXene/TA/TOCN composite demonstrated enhanced stability in an acidic solution and under ultrasonication, highlighting our approach to address its critical limitations</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":688,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Research","volume":"33 8","pages":"1085 - 1095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}