Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Liquid Membrane Technologies as a Greener Platform for Sustainable Phosphate Removal and Recovery from Water Bodies: A Review","authors":"Fadzlin Qistina Fauzan,&nbsp;Norasikin Othman,&nbsp;Izzat Naim Shamsul Kahar,&nbsp;Aishah Rosli,&nbsp;Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini,&nbsp;Shuhada A. Idrus-Saidi","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00767-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00767-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphate is essential for global food production, yet its finite reserves and inefficient recovery from wastewater threaten long-term sustainability. Conventional removal and recovery methods are often limited by high chemical consumption, energy demand, and secondary waste generation. Liquid membrane (LM) technologies have emerged as an alternative by integrating extraction and stripping within a single step, enabling selective and low-concentration separation. This review critically evaluates bulk (BLM), emulsion (ELM), and supported liquid membrane (SLM) systems, emphasizing how configuration governs transport kinetics, interfacial area, and operational stability. Reported data show that ELM achieves rapid and high extraction efficiencies (E: &gt;100%) due to its large interfacial area, whereas BLM (E: 97–99%) is constrained by diffusion-limited transport and slow mass transfer despite its simplicity. SLM offers a compromise, delivering high selectivity (E: &gt;100%) and continuous operation, though limited by membrane stability and carrier loss. Across LM systems, performance is governed less by material choice alone than by the interplay between carrier-solute interactions, phase compatibility, and transport reversibility. While LM technologies reduce multi-step processing, they do not eliminate all transport constraints but redistribute them across coupled interfaces, introducing trade-offs between stability, flux, and selectivity. Future progress, therefore, depends on rational formulation design, improved membrane stability, and integration with downstream recovery processes to enable practical and scalable circular phosphorus management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 12","pages":"3155 - 3190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Montmorillonite-Loaded Copper Sulfide for the Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Wenshi Bao,&nbsp;Kehao Li,&nbsp;Jiajin Ren,&nbsp;Weijie Fan,&nbsp;Fan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00761-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00761-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Copper sulfide (CuS) is a common catalytic degradation material, but its adsorption performance for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) remains insufficiently studied. In this work, a modified CuS material was developed for the adsorption of TCH in water. Montmorillonite (MMT) was employed as a carrier to enhance the dispersion of CuS, resulting in the synthesis of montmorillonite-loaded CuS (CuS@MMT). Comprehensive characterization revealed that the composite material exhibited a block-like morphology with nanoflower clusters anchored on the supports, demonstrating good crystallinity and a structure comprising hexagonal CuS and montmorillonite phases. The (001) diffraction peak of the composite shifted compared to the standard MMT reference, indicating an expanded interlayer spacing of montmorillonite and successful intercalation of CuS into the interlayers, which effectively dispersed CuS particles. During the purification process, the leaching concentration of Cu ions was measured at 1.6 mg·L^− 1, demonstrating minimal secondary contamination. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. Isothermal adsorption data aligned with the Langmuir model, confirming monolayer adsorption. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Doehlert matrix (DM) was employed for mathematical modeling and optimization, yielding optimal adsorption conditions: adsorbent dosage of 0.08 g, initial TCH concentration of 20 mg·L^− 1, and pH 6.5, achieving a 100% removal efficiency. Recyclability tests showed that the material maintained an adsorption capacity of 24.16 mg·g^− 1 after five cycles. Among coexisting anions, CO₃²⁻ exerted the most significant inhibitory effect on TCH adsorption, while Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻ showed minor impacts. Remarkably, the material exhibited high adsorption capacities exceeding 151 mg·g^− 1 for TCH in real water matrices, including tap water, Xuanwu Lake water, and Yangtze River water, highlighting its practical applicability in natural aqueous environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 12","pages":"3285 - 3298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operational Strategies for Syngas Quality Enhancement and Heavy-Metal Emission Reduction in Sludge–Waste Co-Gasification","authors":"Zhen-Shu Liu,&nbsp;Hong-Jia Wang,&nbsp;Zhang-Wei Yan,&nbsp;Chiou-Liang Lin","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00766-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00766-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study optimized hydrogen-rich syngas production and examined the concomitant migration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn) during the co-gasification of sewage sludge and simulated waste in a two-stage reactor system. When the second-stage temperature was increased from 700 °C to 900 °C, the H₂ concentration increased significantly from 22.18 mol% to 37.73 mol%. Although higher temperatures improve syngas quality, they increase Zn and Pb emission rates, whereas Cu remains predominantly in the bottom ash because of its higher boiling point. This study focused on sustainable energy and environmental technologies by providing a systematic operational framework for waste-to-energy conversion. A two-stage gasification process was employed to co-gasify sewage sludge with the simulated waste. Unlike studies that focused on the syngas yield, this study integrated the evaluation of syngas quality enhancement with the migration behavior of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn). These results provide a strategic operational benchmark for maximizing hydrogen energy recovery, while simultaneously mitigating environmental risks from trace pollutants, which is critical for sustainable waste-to-energy frameworks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 12","pages":"3299 - 3309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomanufacturing of Synthetic circRNAs for Therapeutic Applications","authors":"Sunghyun Moon,&nbsp;Iksoo Jang,&nbsp;Jong Bum Lee","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00723-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00723-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed single-stranded RNA molecules generated through canonical or non-canonical backsplicing events and have garnered attention as innovative therapeutic platforms owing to their exceptional stability and low immunogenicity. Here, we highlighted the diverse functions of circRNA, including microRNA sequestration, scaffolding of RNA-binding proteins, and cap-independent protein translation mediated by internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) or N6-methyladenosine (m6A), all of which contribute to disease modulation and sustained protein expression. Recent advances in circularization strategies have enabled the production of high-purity synthetic circRNAs with precisely controlled translational efficiency and reduced immunogenicity. We highlighted a variety of preclinical studies which demonstrated the robust and durable efficacy of circmRNA vaccines, protein replacement therapies, circular interfering RNAs (ciRNAs) for gene silencing, and circular guide RNAs (cgRNAs) for genome editing and circRNA aptamer-based PKR inhibition. Nonetheless, challenges persist in standardizing large-scale manufacturing processes, preventing off-target effects, and comprehensively evaluating immunological responses and safety profiles. This review proposes a future perspective incorporating automated purification, high-throughput screening, and artificial intelligence-driven design to accelerate the clinical application of circRNA-based therapeutics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 11","pages":"2861 - 2877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status And Treatment of Contaminated Soil at Nuclear Facility Sites","authors":"In-Ho Yoon,&nbsp;Haein Kim,&nbsp;Gayeon Kim,&nbsp;Ilgook Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00756-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00756-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil contamination at nuclear facility sites represents one of the most complex environmental challenges of the nuclear age, encompassing accident-impacted landscapes, legacy defense complexes, and decommissioning nuclear power plants (NPPs). This review evaluates the current status of radionuclide-contaminated soils and critically assesses physical, chemical, biological, and emerging integrated remediation technologies. The environmental behavior of key radionuclides (¹³⁷Cs, ⁹⁰Sr, U, Pu, ⁹⁹Tc, ¹²⁹I) is governed by distinct physicochemical mechanisms that critically influence technology selection. Comparative analysis of case studies from Fukushima Daiichi, Chernobyl, Hanford Site, Savannah River Site, Sellafield Site, and decommissioning projects demonstrates that no remediation strategy is universally optimal. Physical topsoil removal achieved 75–97% radiocesium reduction at Fukushima but generated substantial secondary waste, while in-situ immobilization strategies minimize disturbance but require long-term performance monitoring. Emerging technologies including magnetic nanocomposites and electrokinetic remediation coupled with permeable reactive barriers show promising volume reduction efficiencies of 80–93%. Future progress requires improved source-term characterization, ALARA-based decision frameworks, and field-validated modular treatment trains targeting mobile fractions of ⁹⁰Sr, ⁹⁹Tc, and ¹²⁹I.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 11","pages":"2879 - 2898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Performance Ru-Doped Sr0.90La0.10TiO3 Catalyst for CH4 Dry Reforming","authors":"Emilio Audasso,&nbsp;Albert Won Cho,&nbsp;Kab In Kim,&nbsp;YongBae Jun,&nbsp;Joon Hyung Shim,&nbsp;Sun Hee Choi,&nbsp;Sung Pil Yoon","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00760-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00760-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reduction of atmospheric CO₂ emissions is considered fundamental to reduce global warming. High-temperature fuel cells coupled with CH₄ reforming represent a promising solution that can utilize biogas for sustainable energy production and CO₂ capture. However, achieving high catalytic activity and long-term stability requires the development of highly durable and efficient catalysts. In this study, a series of Ru-doped Sr_0.90La_0.10Ti_1−xRu_xO₃ perovskite were synthesized and investigated. Under reducing conditions, Ru was successfully exsolved from the perovskite lattice forming dispersed nanoparticles strongly anchored to the catalyst surface. This process promoted the formation of oxygen vacancies enhancing CO₂ activation and generating an active metal-support interface. Among the investigated compositions, the catalyst with 5 mol% Ru exhibited the best balance between activity, stability and Ru utilization. This sample demonstrated stable CH₄ and CO₂ conversion rates over 1,300 h at 700 °C with a reduction in performance of about 5% over 1,000 h. In addition, it showed excellent resistance to carbon deposition, with no detectable coking observed throughout the duration of the test. These findings position Sr_0.90La_0.10Ti_1−xRu_xO₃ as a promising candidate for integration into high-temperature fuel cell systems, offering both long-term stability and high efficiency under dry reforming conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 12","pages":"3255 - 3272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149162901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Polyethylenimine-based Multimeric Polymer for Efficient mRNA Delivery","authors":"Seongyeon Kim,&nbsp;Onesun Jung,&nbsp;Viet Dongquoc,&nbsp;Minyoung Choi,&nbsp;Sangik Hwang,&nbsp;Ji Heon Noh,&nbsp;Le Thi Thuy,&nbsp;Joon Sig Choi","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00765-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00765-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a versatile therapeutic platform due to its capacity for rapid and transient protein expression without the risk of genomic integration. Nonetheless, its clinical application remains limited by poor stability, large molecular size, and inefficient cellular uptake, underscoring the need for safe and effective non-viral carriers. In this study, we developed and characterized a series of PEI-graft-PEI (0.8 kDa and 2 kDa) polymers (PgP) engineered to provide an optimal balance between mRNA condensation efficiency, intracellular trafficking, and biocompatibility. PgP 0.8 kDa and PgP 2 kDa were synthesized via controlled Michael addition and amidation reactions, and their structures were confirmed using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The polymer exhibited a broad buffering capacity comparable to that of its higher-molecular-weight analog (polyethylenimine 25 kDa), efficiently condensed mRNA into stable, positively charged nanostructures, and demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency. Confocal microscopy revealed strong cellular internalization and cytosolic accumulation of PgP/mRNA polyplexes in NIH3T3 cells. Transfection studies showed that PgP achieved luciferase expression levels approaching those of polyethylenimine 25 kDa while maintaining markedly improved cytocompatibility (&gt; 90% viability). Although PgP 2 kDa exhibited stronger mRNA condensation and higher transfection efficiency, PgP 0.8 kDa demonstrated exceptional biocompatibility and adequate delivery performance. This superior safety profile makes PgP 0.8 kDa a promising next-generation nonviral mRNA carrier for therapeutic applications that require minimal cytotoxicity and high tolerability.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 12","pages":"3273 - 3284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149162903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty-Penalized Quadratic Surrogate Optimization Using Cross-Validation-Based Ridge Regression","authors":"Boeun Kim,&nbsp;Kyung Hwan Ryu","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00746-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00746-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Response surface methodology (RSM) is widely employed for experimental optimization due to its ability to provide a transparent quadratic surrogate constructed from a small, designed experiment, which is often suitable for laboratory and pilot studies. However, the standard approach of fitting a quadratic model by ordinary least squares and optimizing the resulting surface may produce unstable recommendations when the design is ill-conditioned, measurements are noisy, or the response is misspecified. In this study, we introduce an uncertainty-penalized quadratic RSM framework that preserves the experimental design pipeline while enhancing recommendation reliability. The surrogate model is estimated using ridge regression, with the regularization parameter determined by leave-one-out cross validation. A closed-form posterior covariance for the coefficients is derived from a Bayesian interpretation of ridge regression, leading to an analytic predictive variance and an uncertainty estimate across the design region. The recommendation is obtained by minimizing a conservative objective that combines the predicted mean with a tunable multiple of the predictive standard deviation. Five representative scenarios, including correct specification, mild and strong misspecification, severe ill conditioning, and higher-dimensional designs, demonstrate consistent reductions in regret and tail risk metrics, such as the 95th percentile regret and conditional value at risk, compared to ordinary least squares.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 11","pages":"2975 - 2986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic and Cost Evaluation of Pressurized SOEC Systems Integrated with Nuclear Small Modular Reactors","authors":"Syed Shaheryar Ali Shamsi,&nbsp;Ji-Weon Shin,&nbsp;Hania Mumtaz,&nbsp;Rak-Hyun Song,&nbsp;Seok-Joo Park,&nbsp;Jong-Eun Hong,&nbsp;Hye-Sung Kim,&nbsp;Dong-Woo Joh,&nbsp;Tak-Hyoung Lim","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00745-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00745-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen production is rapidly becoming a central pillar of industrial decarbonization, yet its economic viability remains strongly constrained by electricity price volatility and system inefficiencies. While pressurized solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) operation is often promoted as a performance enhancement strategy, its practical value at full system scale especially under nuclear small modular reactor (SMR) heat integration has not been rigorously quantified. In this context, this study delivers a unified cross-configuration assessment that directly compares atmospheric SOEC (Case 1), PSOEC (Case 2), and an SMR-PSOEC (Case 3) within one internally consistent thermodynamic and economic platform. By embedding electrochemical behavior, pressure effects, nuclear heat utilization, and capital-operational cost interactions into a single steady-state model, the present work reveals how pressure and nuclear coupling of an 80 MWₜₕ pressurized water reactor (PWR-20) SMR reshape overall SOEC plant efficiency and cost structure. The results reveal that operation of a SOEC yields moderate system-level efficiency gains; however, significantly higher improvements are achieved when high-grade SMR nuclear heat integration is utilized for steam generation. This integration increases the SMR-PSOEC efficiency to 76.9 %, with a hybrid system efficiency of 50.1 % when both nuclear heat and electricity inputs are considered. Economically, integration lowers the LCOH from 8.74 to 7.93 $/kg, highlighting the advantage of coordinated thermal-electrical coupling. Steam utilization and heat-power split emerge as key thermodynamic drivers, while capacity factor, electricity price, CAPEX, and taxation dominate economic sensitivity. Overall, SMR-assisted PSOEC integration presents a structurally superior configuration for large-scale low-carbon hydrogen production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 11","pages":"2961 - 2974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Tertiary Amine (HMTA and TEDA) Modified Activated Carbon in Iodine Removal from Radiological Releases in Nuclear Installation","authors":"Talhat Yaqoob,&nbsp;Masroor Ahmad,&nbsp;Amjad Farooq,&nbsp;Farman Ali,&nbsp;Mohammad Shahedur Rahman,&nbsp;Mohammod Hafizur Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00750-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00750-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molecular iodine (I₂) released from nuclear power plants (NPPs) causes some serious environmental and health hazards. It is a paramount requirement to develop highly effective adsorbents for its capture. This work evaluates the performance of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and triethylenediamine (TEDA) impregnated activated carbon (AC) for I₂ capture from NPP off-gas streams. Pristine AC samples were modified via incipient wetness impregnation and sublimation with different wt% of HMTA and TEDA (such as 2, 5, 8, 10, and 15 wt%). Physicochemical characteristics of both pristine and modified AC samples were analyzed through several techniques such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), to evaluate the modification effects on surface morphology, composition, and textural properties. Breakthrough experiments were conducted under simulated NPP release conditions to investigates the removal efficiency of I₂. Breakthrough performance experiment examined the I₂ adsorption capacities by varying different parameters such as impregnant loading and contact time. Overall, the results indicate a substantial increase in I₂ adsorption capacity for tertiary amine IAC as compared to pristine AC, highlighting the fundamental role of nitrogen-containing functional groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study reporting the application of HMTA-IACs for I₂ removal. This novel modification may improve I₂ adsorption capacity, adsorption affinity, and overall removal efficiency. HMTA IAC sample (CM14) achieved the highest adsorption capacity of 698 mg/g at 333 K, while TEDA IAC (CM23) yielded a maximum of 419 mg/g under identical conditions. Adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.998), well fitted the Langmuir equation. Thermodynamic analyses proved the exothermic, spontaneous, and chemically driven nature of the process. Comprehensive evaluations based on kinetic, dynamic, adsorption isotherm, and thermodynamic study clarified the preferential I₂ uptake on tertiary amine-modified AC (HMTA and TEDA). By improving I₂ retention efficiency without compromising structural integrity, HMTA-modified AC contributes significantly to enhance the safety system of nuclear energy technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 11","pages":"3077 - 3090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}