{"title":"Mechanical and dielectric properties of MgO ceramics with HNT additions","authors":"Kubranur Catalbas, Namik Kemal Gozuacik, Neslihan Basaran, Neslihan Tamsu Selli, Ebru Mensur","doi":"10.1007/s41779-024-01145-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41779-024-01145-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study, the ceramics’ sintering, mechanical, and dielectric properties were examined, and the influence of HNT additives on these properties was investigated. HNT was added to the structure as a SiO<sub>2</sub> source to the MgO ceramics, which are difficult to process, since SiO<sub>2</sub> suppresses the grain growth of MgO ceramics and significantly reduces the sintering temperature. After calcination at 800 °C HNT at different ratios (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 wt%) were added to calcined MgO powder. As a result of XRD analysis, it was determined that spinel, forsterite and periclase phases were formed and these results were also confirmed by SEM images. The addition of HNT led to the formation of the forsterite phase at grain boundaries, enhancing mechanical properties. The best mechanical properties were observed in MgO ceramics with 11% HNT additives. Adding HNT at different ratios increased the dielectric constant of MgO ceramics. HNT-added MgO ceramics exhibited higher dielectric constant value than those at ambient temperature. The lowest dielectric constant value was measured as ~ 8.5 for MgO ceramic without any HNT addition. Since the materials to be used as circuit substrates require strict dielectric and mechanical properties, it is aimed to improve the mechanical and dielectric properties of MgO ceramics with the addition of HNT. MgO ceramics incorporating HNT in this study exhibited outstanding dielectric and mechanical characteristics, suggesting their potential as favorable materials for circuit substrates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society","volume":"61 2","pages":"431 - 441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41779-024-01145-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Nawaz, Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Talha Shabbir, Sehar Shakir
{"title":"Study the effect of strontium and copper co-doping on the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of nickel oxide thin films","authors":"Syed Nawaz, Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Talha Shabbir, Sehar Shakir","doi":"10.1007/s41779-024-01137-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41779-024-01137-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents the effect of co-doping of strontium (Sr) and copper (Cu) on the properties of nickel oxide (NiO<sub>x</sub>) thin films. 3 wt.% of Cu and various compositions (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) of the Sr were successfully co-doped in the NiO<sub>x</sub>. Thin films of NiO<sub>x</sub> co-doped with Sr and Cu were deposited on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive substrate using a solution-processed spin coating technique. Their evolution of structural, morphological, and optoelectronics properties were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-rays analysis (EDX), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), and Hall effect measurement system. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline, cubic phase structure and exhibited direction along the (200) plane. SEM demonstrated that all the samples have homogeneous and pinhole-free surfaces. UV–visible spectroscopy demonstrates that with the increase in concentrations of Sr, the transparency of the thin film reduced from 85% to 78%. The band gap of NiO<sub>x</sub> reduces from 3.78 eV to 3.73 eV by increasing the concentration of dopant (Sr 1–3 wt.% and Cu 3 wt.%). The most improved band gap of 3.73 eV was achieved with a co-doping of 3 wt.% Sr and 3 wt. % Cu in NiO<sub>x</sub>. The Electrical conductivity of NiO<sub>x</sub> was improved by adding the dopant due to the replacement of Ni ions by Sr and Cu. The optimum conductivity (5.67 × 10<sup>–5</sup> (1/ Ω-cm)) was achieved at Sr (2 wt.%) and Cu (3 wt.%). As a result of improved electrical conductivity Sr, and Cu co-doped NiO<sub>x</sub> thin films can be used in different types of optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications, such as organic light-emitting diode (OLEDs), gas sensors, electrochromic devices, and solar cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society","volume":"61 3","pages":"1089 - 1099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Abouhaswa, Norah A. M. Alsaif, A. M. Abdelghany, Y. S. Rammah, Islam M. Nabil
{"title":"Tailoring the structural, physical, opto-electrical characteristics, neutron and γ-ray attenuation competence of BaO/CeO2 bismo-borate glasses","authors":"A. S. Abouhaswa, Norah A. M. Alsaif, A. M. Abdelghany, Y. S. Rammah, Islam M. Nabil","doi":"10.1007/s41779-024-01115-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41779-024-01115-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of BaO/CeO<sub>2</sub> substitution on the structure, linear optical properties, and γ-ray absorption efficiency of glasses with formulation 50B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 25Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+(10-<i>x</i>)BaO + 15Li<sub>2</sub>O + XCeO<sub>2</sub>: X = 0 (BBBLC-0.0) – 1 (BBBLC-1.0) mol% has been investigated. The traditional melt-quenching route is used for the glass production process. Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis measurement, MCNP simulation code and EpiXs software were employed to achieve the mentioned objective. Density (ρ) slightly increased from 4.6892 to 4.7011 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, while molar volume (V<sub>m</sub>) decreased from 36.4913 to 36.4389 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol as CeO<sub>2</sub> increased in the glass network. Raman intensity decreased as the concentration of CeO<sub>2</sub> increased in the glass network, which leads to a decrease in the formation of additional non-bridging oxygen (NBO) and bond breakage. The values of direct optical gap (<span>(:{varvec{E}}_{varvec{g}}^{varvec{D}varvec{i}varvec{r}varvec{e}varvec{c}varvec{t}}))</span> reduced going from 2.53 ± 0.01 eV to 2.25 ± 0.01 eV, while values of the indirect gap (<span>(:{varvec{E}}_{varvec{g}}^{varvec{I}varvec{n}varvec{d}varvec{i}varvec{r}varvec{e}varvec{c}varvec{t}})</span>) varied from 2.51 ± 0.01 eV to 2.17 ± 0.01 eV. Values of Urbach’s energy (E<sub>U</sub>) declined from 0.4052 to 0.3282 eV for BBBLC-1.0. As the substitution ratio of Ce ions increased, the refractive index (n) and optical dielectric constants (ε<sub>1</sub> and ε<sub>2</sub>) improved. Linear absorption coefficient <span>(:left({upmu:}right))</span> verified as: BBBLC-0.0 < BBBLC-0.25 < BBBLC-0.5 < BBBLC-0.75 < BBBLC-1.0. In terms of half-value (HVl), and tenth-value (TVl) values, the synthesized BBBLC-1.0 sample is the lowest. When compared to the manufactured BBBLC-X glasses, the BBBLC-1.0 sample offers superior protection against gamma radiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society","volume":"61 3","pages":"953 - 969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental and theoretical analysis of bismuth Co-doped erbium-based hydroxyapatites","authors":"Aenas Laith Ali, Bahroz Kareem Mahmood, Rebaz Obaid Kareem, Tankut Ates, Azeez A. Barzinjy, Niyazi Bulut, Serhat Keser, Omer Kaygili","doi":"10.1007/s41779-025-01148-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41779-025-01148-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the impact of bismuth (Bi) and erbium (Er) co-doping on the structural, morphological, and electronic properties of hydroxyapatites (HAp). Bi/Er co-doped HAp samples at varying concentrations were synthesized through a wet chemical process and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) was employed to analyze band structure (BS), energy gap (Eg), density of states (DOS), and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC). Results revealed a systematic decrease in the energy gap from 4.0340 eV to 3.9222 eV with increasing Bi content, highlighting a reduced band gap energy trend as the Bi and Er concentrations increase. Higher Bi concentration also influenced the DOS and BS, and reduced crystallite size (<i>D</i>) across samples. Among them, the 0.26Bi-0.39Er-HAp sample exhibited the lowest crystallinity (76.56%) and smallest crystallite size (27.84 nm). This study provides valuable insights into how co-doping affects HAp properties, with potential implications for biomedical and environmental applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society","volume":"61 3","pages":"1145 - 1153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of osteogenic potential of Centella asiatica extract @ hydroxyapatite based composite coating on titanium implant by dip coating method for orthopedic applications","authors":"Selvakani Prabakaran, Kandasamy Rohini","doi":"10.1007/s41779-025-01150-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41779-025-01150-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has a composition that is analogous to that of real bone. Because of this, titanium alloys coated with HAP material have been a widespread choice for bone implants in load-bearing applications. Due to the HAP coatings’ restricted osteo-inductive capabilities, growth factors or dopants can be added for better osseointegration. The purpose of this work is to examine the impact of naturally occurring <i>Centella Asiatica</i> extract (CAE), on the viability of osteoblast like MG-63 cells in-vitro along with the Fe and Ce doped hydroxyapatite (MHAP)/Bovine serum albumin (BSA) composite coatings. The MHAP ceramic was prepared by wet precipitation method. The MHAP/BSA/CAE composite coatings were developed on the titanium (Ti) surface with the use of dip coating method. The coatings were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques. SEM with EDX and HR-TEM techniques provided the morphological data and bio-activity nature of the prepared coatings from micro to nano scale levels. The in-vitro results indicate that the addition of CAE has increased the osteoblast cell viability along with increased anti-bacterial activities against gram-negative <i>E. coli</i> and gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus</i> strains. Meanwhile MHAP/BSA/CAE coatings at high concentrations was toxic to osteoblasts cell viability. But it clearly inhibited the bacterial growth. Our findings show that using natural extract in conjunction with a naturally obtainable bio protein on a titanium implant covered with doped hydroxyapatite can effectively regenerate bone tissue along with anti-microbial ability for orthopedic applications including weight bearing conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society","volume":"61 2","pages":"755 - 773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Avcı, Muhammet Karabaş, Ayşegül Akdoğan Eker, Erhan Akman
{"title":"Optimization of laser process parameters and improved corrosion behaviour of LZ/YSZ thermal barrier coating","authors":"Ali Avcı, Muhammet Karabaş, Ayşegül Akdoğan Eker, Erhan Akman","doi":"10.1007/s41779-025-01149-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41779-025-01149-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser processing the surfaces of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings is one of the methods used to improve the corrosion resistance of the coatings. However, laser glazing alone is not sufficient to fully protect coatings from corrosion. In this study, optimum laser surface modification parameters were determined for plasma-sprayed LZ/YSZ double-layer thermal barrier coatings. The coating surface, whose entire surface was scanned with optimum parameters, was modified with nano YSZ using the electrophoretic deposition technique. Thus, the network cracks formed during laser glazing were filled with nano YSZ. The coating modified by laser and electrophoretic deposition processes was subjected to corrosion tests. As a result of the characterizations, it was determined that the optimum laser surface modification parameters for LZ/YSZ thermal barrier coatings were 200 mm laser distance, 120 scan speed, and 28w laser power. With these parameters, discontinuities on the as-sprayed coating surface were eliminated. A dense layer was successfully created on the LZ layer. As a result of the corrosion tests, it was determined that modifying the laser-glazed surface with nano YSZ reduced the penetration depth of corrosive contaminants. Thus, the glassy melt and hot corrosion resistance of LZ/YSZ thermal barrier coatings was increased.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society","volume":"61 3","pages":"1155 - 1171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41779-025-01149-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adriana Peleš Tadić, Jelena Živojinović, Vladimir Pavlović, Ana Stanković, Suzana Filipović, Nina Obradović, Frank Kern
{"title":"The influence of mechanical activation and sintering process on the formation of the spinel phase of MgAl2O4","authors":"Adriana Peleš Tadić, Jelena Živojinović, Vladimir Pavlović, Ana Stanković, Suzana Filipović, Nina Obradović, Frank Kern","doi":"10.1007/s41779-024-01144-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41779-024-01144-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnesium aluminate has the spinel structure and, due to good mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties, has a wide range of applications including refractory ceramics, optically transparent ceramic windows, and armors. Calcined MgO and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powders were mixed in a one-to-one molar ratio to produce phase-pure spinel. The MgO powder was calcined at 1000 <sup>o</sup>C for 1 h prior to mechanical activation to avoid presence of hydroxide and carbonate at the powder surface. The powders were mechanically activated for 15, 30, and 60 min in a high-energy planetary ball mill in air atmosphere. The mechanically activated powders were pressed into pellets and heated to 1300 <sup>o</sup>C at 10 <sup>o</sup>C/min and held for 1 h for the reaction. Afterwards pellets were ground and sieved. Synthesized powders were sintered at 1450 <sup>o</sup>C at 10 <sup>o</sup>C/min for 2 h and examined for phase composition, crystal structure, and morphology. The results showed that mechanical activation and sintering led to formation of pure spinel phase. Mechanical activation times of 30 min and 60 min led to spinel that was more highly crystalline and phase-pure. Raman spectroscopy showed the presence of all five Raman active modes (A<sub>1g</sub> + E<sub>g</sub> +3T<sub>2g</sub>), and their positions were in a good agreement with previous investigations. Powder morphology analysis showed that particles were comminuted, but that agglomerates formed for longer activation times. The maximum in the particle size distribution curves decreased from 14.7 μm for non-activated powder to 9.1 μm after 15 min of mechanical activation and 8.1 μm after 30 min of mechanical activation, but increased to10.5 μm after 60 min of activation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society","volume":"61 3","pages":"1137 - 1143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuba Karamete, Hülya Biçer, Çağan Berker İyi, Mustafa Tuncer, Hasan Göçmez
{"title":"The effect of the synthesis temperature and time on the formation of boron suboxide","authors":"Tuba Karamete, Hülya Biçer, Çağan Berker İyi, Mustafa Tuncer, Hasan Göçmez","doi":"10.1007/s41779-025-01147-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41779-025-01147-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Boron suboxide (B<sub>6</sub>O), offering a good balance between abundance of its constituents and promising tribological performance, is intriguing. Applications such as cutting tools, high-wear resistant coatings, and ballistics would benefit from such properties, however a feasible synthesis method is yet to be realized. The synthesis of B<sub>6</sub>O under atmospheric pressure is a challenging pursuit, and there is insufficient thermodynamic data for the formation of boron suboxide in the literature. In this study, boron suboxide powder was synthesized by reducing B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> by amorphous boron. Phase analysis of the formation of boron suboxide was demonstrated within the temperature range of 1200–1350 °C. The amorphous phase beside boron suboxide is present for all temperature treatments, but the best fitting crystalline phase was observed of the powder synthesized at 1300 °C. The powder was also heat treated at 1300 °C for various hours (2–6 h), and the crystalline phase was only observed for the powder heat treated for 4 h. The morphology of synthesized powder exhibited a star-like morphology. The production of B<sub>6</sub>O-TiB<sub>2</sub> composite powder by reduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> by amorphous boron with the excess addition of boron is also reported in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society","volume":"61 2","pages":"385 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41779-025-01147-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of hydrated aluminium fluoride on phase transformation and morphology evolution of alumina","authors":"Ziyu Zhang, Liang Zhang, Lingling Zhu, Mingtang Fu, Heqi Qi, Dong Zhang, Zihan Zhao, Shichen Xing, Dongmo Wu","doi":"10.1007/s41779-024-01135-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41779-024-01135-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to verify the formation of gaseous phase fluoride and its influence on the morphological evolution and the growth mechanism of α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, the α-phase transformation temperature and morphology of α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powders from the calcination of commercial γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> precursor with the addition of AlF<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O additive have been studied through the incorporation of mixed placement experiments, layered placement experiments and separated placement experiments. The formation of gaseous phase fluoride has been experimentally confirmed by means of layered placement experiments and separated placement experiments, especially by the enhancement of the α-phase transformation occurred outside the small crucible in separated placement experiments. AlF<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O additive significantly enhances shape anisotropy of α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> precursor and lowers the total α-transformation temperature (900 °C for Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> precursor and 1100 °C for γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> precursor ), even though the commercial precursor and AlF<sub>3</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O additive has been completely isolated by small crucible with cover.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society","volume":"61 section","pages":"321 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Cu-Vanadate Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles: Morphological, Structural, and Stability for Biomedical Use","authors":"Manal M. Alkhamisi","doi":"10.1007/s41779-024-01120-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41779-024-01120-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates copper/vanadate co-doped hydroxyapatite (Cu-V-HAP) composites synthesized with varying vanadate concentrations to assess their crystallinity, hardness, antibacterial activity, and cell viability. The Cu-0.0V-HAP exhibited an average particle diameter of approximately 50 nm, while the Cu-0.8V-HAP showed a reduced size of around 30 nm, indicating significant disruption of the crystalline structure. Hardness measurements revealed values of 1.8 ± 0.1 GPa for Cu-0.0V-HAP, peaking at 4.5 ± 0.14 GPa for Cu-0.6V-HAP, with a decrease observed in Cu-0.8V-HAP. Antibacterial activity against <i>E. coli</i> ranged from 0 mm for Cu-0.0V-HAP to 8.1 ± 0.6 mm for Cu-0.8V-HAP. Furthermore, cell viability results indicated that Cu-0.6V-HAP achieved a high rate of 98.2 ± 4%, compared to 88.4 ± 4% for Cu-0.0V-HAP. These results suggest that optimal vanadate concentrations enhance the mechanical stability, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility of co-doped HAP composites, indicating their potential for biomedical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society","volume":"61 2","pages":"419 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}