Evaluation of osteogenic potential of Centella asiatica extract @ hydroxyapatite based composite coating on titanium implant by dip coating method for orthopedic applications

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has a composition that is analogous to that of real bone. Because of this, titanium alloys coated with HAP material have been a widespread choice for bone implants in load-bearing applications. Due to the HAP coatings’ restricted osteo-inductive capabilities, growth factors or dopants can be added for better osseointegration. The purpose of this work is to examine the impact of naturally occurring Centella Asiatica extract (CAE), on the viability of osteoblast like MG-63 cells in-vitro along with the Fe and Ce doped hydroxyapatite (MHAP)/Bovine serum albumin (BSA) composite coatings. The MHAP ceramic was prepared by wet precipitation method. The MHAP/BSA/CAE composite coatings were developed on the titanium (Ti) surface with the use of dip coating method. The coatings were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques. SEM with EDX and HR-TEM techniques provided the morphological data and bio-activity nature of the prepared coatings from micro to nano scale levels. The in-vitro results indicate that the addition of CAE has increased the osteoblast cell viability along with increased anti-bacterial activities against gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus strains. Meanwhile MHAP/BSA/CAE coatings at high concentrations was toxic to osteoblasts cell viability. But it clearly inhibited the bacterial growth. Our findings show that using natural extract in conjunction with a naturally obtainable bio protein on a titanium implant covered with doped hydroxyapatite can effectively regenerate bone tissue along with anti-microbial ability for orthopedic applications including weight bearing conditions.