Synthesis and Characterization of Cu-Vanadate Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles: Morphological, Structural, and Stability for Biomedical Use

Abstract

This study evaluates copper/vanadate co-doped hydroxyapatite (Cu-V-HAP) composites synthesized with varying vanadate concentrations to assess their crystallinity, hardness, antibacterial activity, and cell viability. The Cu-0.0V-HAP exhibited an average particle diameter of approximately 50 nm, while the Cu-0.8V-HAP showed a reduced size of around 30 nm, indicating significant disruption of the crystalline structure. Hardness measurements revealed values of 1.8 ± 0.1 GPa for Cu-0.0V-HAP, peaking at 4.5 ± 0.14 GPa for Cu-0.6V-HAP, with a decrease observed in Cu-0.8V-HAP. Antibacterial activity against E. coli ranged from 0 mm for Cu-0.0V-HAP to 8.1 ± 0.6 mm for Cu-0.8V-HAP. Furthermore, cell viability results indicated that Cu-0.6V-HAP achieved a high rate of 98.2 ± 4%, compared to 88.4 ± 4% for Cu-0.0V-HAP. These results suggest that optimal vanadate concentrations enhance the mechanical stability, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility of co-doped HAP composites, indicating their potential for biomedical applications.