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Improvements in energy efficiency of induction motors by the use of magnetic wedges 利用磁楔提高感应电动机的能源效率
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085890
R. Curiac, Harry Li
{"title":"Improvements in energy efficiency of induction motors by the use of magnetic wedges","authors":"R. Curiac, Harry Li","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085890","url":null,"abstract":"The key functions of magnetic wedges in the slots of large induction motors are to reduce the air gap flux distortion, magnetizing current, the starting (inrush) current and temperature rise. The benefits of magnetic wedges are the increase of motor efficiency (by reducing core losses, stray load losses and winding losses), improvement of power factor, improved energy conservation and thereby being more environmentally responsible. There can also be cost savings from potential reduction in active material or frame size. End users can make better purchasing decisions with an understanding of the cost impact of magnetic wedges. The paper investigates the impact on the motor performance by employing magnetic versus non-magnetic wedges during starting and normal operation. The type of induction motor, open (ODP, WPII) or enclosed (TEFC), along with the number of poles, influences the effect on the motor performance that magnetic wedges have. Magnetic forces (stresses) acting on the wedges are also investigated in this paper. This paper also discusses qualification processes that are necessary in order to avoid failures and ensure reliable magnetic wedge systems.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85423865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Do not mix the requirements of hazardous location areas when you order motors 当您订购电机时，是否不混合危险位置区域的要求
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085861
B. Mistry, W. G. Lawrence
{"title":"Do not mix the requirements of hazardous location areas when you order motors","authors":"B. Mistry, W. G. Lawrence","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085861","url":null,"abstract":"Although the processes and types of gases are the same in refineries around globe; the design and installation of the electrical equipment will vary in order to comply with the selected installation requirements.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"1985 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89814559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Interfaces between MV and LV assemblies and power generation facilities in petrochemical plants - a Brazilian experience 中压和低压组件与石化工厂发电设施的接口-巴西经验
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085884
Luiz Felipe O. Costa, R. C. Barros
{"title":"Interfaces between MV and LV assemblies and power generation facilities in petrochemical plants - a Brazilian experience","authors":"Luiz Felipe O. Costa, R. C. Barros","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085884","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian Petroleum and Chemical Industry has been facing an ever increasing use of dedicated generation facilities. The use of turbo-generators coupled to gas or steam turbines to partially or totally supply, the electric needs of petrochemical units, has resulted in problems, especially when interconnected with local utility companies.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74559007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
What does it take to design a low inrush large induction motor? 设计一个低浪涌大型感应电机需要什么?
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085858
M. Thirugnanasambandamoorthy, Christophe del Perugia, B. Mistry
{"title":"What does it take to design a low inrush large induction motor?","authors":"M. Thirugnanasambandamoorthy, Christophe del Perugia, B. Mistry","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085858","url":null,"abstract":"The need for a low inrush A. C. motor is usually based on a weak power system where conventional starters are not desirable. Low inrush motors are often used in marine services like Floating Production, Storage & Offloading (FPSO) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plants where weight and space is at a premium. They are also needed for pulpwood refiners in paper industry or at remote sites like mining operation where the electrical power system is weak, and there is a concern that a normal inrush motor could create a significant voltage drop causing a negative impact to other equipment in the electrical system. In such cases, a low inrush motor is preferred even though there may be some operating performance drawbacks. Customized low inrush motors are challenging to a machine designer when one is trying to meet application as well as performance requirements. This paper covers all those areas of concern and addresses them in order to design low inrush induction motors.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76110443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Considerations in applying arc resistant low voltage motor control centers in refining environments 在精炼环境中应用耐电弧低压电机控制中心的考虑
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085899
R. Bugaris, Nicholas Weber
{"title":"Considerations in applying arc resistant low voltage motor control centers in refining environments","authors":"R. Bugaris, Nicholas Weber","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085899","url":null,"abstract":"Arc resistant equipment is becoming increasingly common in North America and in the petrochemical industry. Traditionally, low voltage motor control centers (LVMCC) designed to National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards have not been addressed in arc resistant testing guides. This paper describes how arc resistant principles can be applied to the LVMCC, constructed according to Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 845 (i.e., the NEMA ICS 18 600V class of equipment). A brief overview and history of applicable arc resistant testing guides, specific considerations for adapting internal arcing fault test procedures to LVMCCs, and considerations for specifying and installing arc resistant LVMCCs in a refining environment are discussed.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81981961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New technology assists the design of outdoor rated medium voltage drives 新技术有助于室外额定中压驱动器的设计
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085894
K. Ledoux, F. Haydock, A. Ige, John Kleinecke
{"title":"New technology assists the design of outdoor rated medium voltage drives","authors":"K. Ledoux, F. Haydock, A. Ige, John Kleinecke","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085894","url":null,"abstract":"There is a trend in the pipeline industry where large electric motor driven pumping systems are replacing the traditional natural gas or diesel driven pumps. Challenges exist when starting these typically large motors, especially when local power grids have limited capacity. One solution available to industry is the electronic variable speed drive (VSD). When this option is selected, significant infrastructure is required to maintain and protect the large sensitive electronic power conversion equipment inside a VSD. Requirements for air conditioning and sometimes water cooling reduce reliability and have a cost of ownership due to maintenance requirements and energy costs. For a large motor, the power converter must be protected by an enclosure which can be as large as a small family home and the power conversion process of the drive creates heat that must be removed without exposing the converter to the outside environment.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"94 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90997137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Increasing electrical safety by reducing the risk of arc flash hazards 通过减少电弧闪光危险来提高电气安全
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085855
Donna Lee Hodgson, Mark A Mckinney, Shelly DeGrate
{"title":"Increasing electrical safety by reducing the risk of arc flash hazards","authors":"Donna Lee Hodgson, Mark A Mckinney, Shelly DeGrate","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085855","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of arc flashes in power distribution equipment has long been recognized as a serious hazard in the petroleum and chemical industry. This paper will explore the methodology one company used to systematically reduce the risk of personnel injury due to arc flash on its existing facilities and a new project. The process includes incorporating procedures and technologies that allow for minimizing the need to work on or near energized equipment, moving essential work tasks to safe distances, and eliminating or reducing the arc flash potential. There are multiple products that can be installed to prevent or reduce the risk and severity of arc flashes by one of the methods mentioned above. This paper will describe some of these available methods, give examples of how they were retrofitted to existing facilities, and how they were incorporated into the design of a new facility. As a result, the Company was able to successfully lower all of the calculated incident energies of their equipment to below 40 cal/cm2. The process of identifying the hazards, the selection of technologies to reduce the hazard, or move the technician away from the hazard, the installation and end results will all be described.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73239293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Accurate determination of losses in high current controlled transformer-rectifier systems for copper electrochemical plants 铜电化学装置大电流控制变压器-整流系统损耗的精确测定
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085867
R. Fuentes, J. Estrada, G. Pacheco
{"title":"Accurate determination of losses in high current controlled transformer-rectifier systems for copper electrochemical plants","authors":"R. Fuentes, J. Estrada, G. Pacheco","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085867","url":null,"abstract":"The DC load current in copper electrochemical plants is normally supplied by two or four similar transformer-rectifiers connected in parallel, 6 pulses each (12 or 24 pulse systems respectively). An accurate determination of losses in transformer-rectifiers is very important, because it establishes the true value of efficiency and hence, the cost of copper production. The efficiencies of the transformer - rectifiers declared by the manufacturers are not always checked in the plants, once the transformer-rectifiers are fully operating. A true measurement of losses must consider the actual waveform of AC voltages and AC currents, including harmonic effects. However, at the factory the tests are focused to measure losses at rated sinusoidal voltage and reduced current or losses at rated sinusoidal current and reduced voltage, but not both rated variables simultaneously. In this paper, a method to measure in the factory the losses at rated voltage and rated current is proposed.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76133333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Subsea high-voltage power distribution 海底高压配电
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085857
T. Hazel, H. Baerd, J. Bremnes, J. Legeay
{"title":"Subsea high-voltage power distribution","authors":"T. Hazel, H. Baerd, J. Bremnes, J. Legeay","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085857","url":null,"abstract":"Subsea process units are going all electric and require substantial amounts of electrical power. Such installations do not require offshore platforms and thus all power will come from shore via long power umbilicals. Since it is not economically viable to supply power to individual loads from shore, subsea distribution systems are required. The total load will be up to the 100 MW range thus requiring high-voltage power distribution. The subsea environment of the substation has a very strong influence on its design, and very high availability is one of the main design criteria.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86809316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Monitoring technologies for large power transformers 大型电力变压器监测技术
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085864
C. Kane
{"title":"Monitoring technologies for large power transformers","authors":"C. Kane","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085864","url":null,"abstract":"Key assets in any petrochemical facility that purchases primary power are the incoming transformers. Typically these range from 20 – 60 MVA. Facilities have been implementing monitoring technologies for other key assets such as motors, generators, cables and switchgear, but monitoring of the all-important transformer has been minimal. Technology exists today that can monitor and control all operating characteristics of power transformers including the cooling system, load tap changer, dissolved gas content, bushing health, partial discharge levels, oil levels, pressures, temperature and status of other alarm contacts. Monitoring technology has evolved to a state that outages for periodic testing and maintenance can be minimized. This paper will review the practical side of monitoring power transformers and will discuss the analytics used to determine the health of these assets.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"2010 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86283389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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