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Future trends in electrical substations from the end-users perspective - Near future safety features 从终端用户的角度看变电站的未来趋势——近未来的安全特性
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085876
J. Bowen, Nicholas Weber
{"title":"Future trends in electrical substations from the end-users perspective - Near future safety features","authors":"J. Bowen, Nicholas Weber","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085876","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines an end-user's perspective of near future safety improvements needed for Medium Voltage (MV)/Low Voltage (LV) switchgear, and MV/LV Motor Control Center (MCC) various equipment functions and features. These features can be incorporated within the next three to five years to mitigate frequently performed at-risk behaviors in the substation. In addition, Smart Substation equipment enhancements that provide online, automatic, diagnostic, feedback for switchgear and motor control degradation are recommended. The anticipated result is an inherently safer equipment design that requires less at-risk behavior for normal process substation tasks.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73986110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Electrical equipment maintenance 101 电气设备维护101
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085901
R. Mendler, G. Osborne, Trey Thevenet, Monty Janak, Marty Janak
{"title":"Electrical equipment maintenance 101","authors":"R. Mendler, G. Osborne, Trey Thevenet, Monty Janak, Marty Janak","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085901","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will explore the maintenance of electrical equipment. Specifically it will look at: 1) Why maintenance is performed on electrical equipment? 2) What, legal or other, drivers are behind performing electrical equipment maintenance? 3) Electrical equipment maintenance is performed on an interval, but what is the purpose of this interval and how is it determined? 4) What is the difference between breakdown, preventive, and predictive electrical equipment maintenance methods and when should each be applied? 5) What do available testing technologies, such as - insulation resistance, power factor, oil analysis, partial discharge, infrared, ultrasonic, functional analysis, etc., tell us about the condition of electrical equipment and when should they be applied to various types of electrical equipment? 6) What does analysis of electrical equipment maintenance data/information reveal about the frequencies, philosophies, and foundation on which maintenance is performed?","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"19 4 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88576767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Electric rotating machine standards part II: Magnetic wedge design & monitoring methods 电动旋转机械标准第II部分:磁楔设计和监测方法
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085889
S. Cary, Jon Hanson, Chip Evans, I. Blokhintsev
{"title":"Electric rotating machine standards part II: Magnetic wedge design & monitoring methods","authors":"S. Cary, Jon Hanson, Chip Evans, I. Blokhintsev","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085889","url":null,"abstract":"The proper application of motors requires the exchange of design data sheets. The American Petroleum Institute Standard API 541, 4th Edition, is the premier document on how to specify electrical induction motors. This paper will address one application failure in which the user did not apply the motor in accordance with API standards. This paper will review procedures for monitoring temperatures, acoustical emissions, and vibration changes to detect pending failures. Further, it will analyze recent developments in wedge material and shapes, and new online monitoring methods used to detect winding abnormalities caused by loosening slot wedges. Finally, the paper will examine the resulting energy savings and overall benefits of specifying magnetic slot wedges.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84467157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
ARC-flash protection for low- and medium-voltage panels 低压和中压面板的电弧闪光保护
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085871
Geraldo Rocha, Eduardo Zanirato, Fernando Ayello, Roberto Taninaga
{"title":"ARC-flash protection for low- and medium-voltage panels","authors":"Geraldo Rocha, Eduardo Zanirato, Fernando Ayello, Roberto Taninaga","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085871","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new, reliable solution using arc-flash light detection supervised using overcurrent protection to reduce the risk of an arc flash in low- and medium-voltage panels and switchgear equipment, thereby eliminating false trips from lighting and providing the fastest detection and tripping possible. The paper also presents the advantages of fast overcurrent detection combined with arc-flash measurement to produce a sensitive, fast, and secure tripping scheme.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79567346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Electrical energy and the petro-chemical industry: Where are we going? 电能和石化工业:我们将走向何方?
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085854
K. Malmedal, P. Sen, J. Candelaria
{"title":"Electrical energy and the petro-chemical industry: Where are we going?","authors":"K. Malmedal, P. Sen, J. Candelaria","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085854","url":null,"abstract":"The petroleum and chemical industries use nearly 26% (≈ 1/4th) of all electricity consumed by industry and nearly 7% of all electrical energy consumed in the US. A segment of the overall energy industry using such a large percentage of the electricity can hardly help but be affected by the future trends in the usage and generation of electricity. Developments in renewable energy systems augmented by the renewable portfolio standards mandated in many states, various energy conservation measures, and the legislative climate all provide cause to reassess the way industry uses and generates electricity. Future taxation, limits on carbon emissions, other environmental and political concerns, high unemployment and overall economic conditions and future growth will also make necessary a paradigm shift on how electricity will be delivered and utilized. This paper examines the present state of energy usage in the petroleum and chemical industry, trends in energy usage and generation, and where these trends may be leading.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82382917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
High efficiency heating method for subsea pipelines heating 一种用于海底管道加热的高效加热方法
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085885
P. Angays
{"title":"High efficiency heating method for subsea pipelines heating","authors":"P. Angays","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085885","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the harsh conditions sub-sea flow lines are exposed, they are subject to clogging by hydrates. Up to now, sub-sea pipeline heating was mainly used for purpose of preservation in case of production shutdown to prevent this pipe clogging. Access to more complex fields with lower quality of oil or longer distances of transfer to process plant requires to permanently heat the oil to maintain good viscosity and high flow rate. With a requirement of 20 to 50 kW/km and length in excess of 50km, this heating process represents a significant amount of energy per year.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82544521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Applying IEC 60909, short-circuit current calculations 适用IEC 60909，短路电流计算
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085868
D. Sweeting
{"title":"Applying IEC 60909, short-circuit current calculations","authors":"D. Sweeting","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085868","url":null,"abstract":"Rather than the short-circuit current that would occur in a specific instance, IEC 60909 derives the maximum and minimum prospective short-circuit currents in a system for each specific location and time. This is reported using a series of parameters which relate to the rated short-circuit current of equipment and the tests required on equipment to prove that rating. The influence of arc voltage on short-circuit currents is then discussed.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89680787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
An analysis of the National Electrical Code® requirements for Critical Operations Power Systems (COPS) and the effect on refineries and petrochemical facilities 分析国家电气规范®关键操作电力系统(COPS)的要求及其对炼油厂和石化设施的影响
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085865
P. E. Guidry, W. Mehmood
{"title":"An analysis of the National Electrical Code® requirements for Critical Operations Power Systems (COPS) and the effect on refineries and petrochemical facilities","authors":"P. E. Guidry, W. Mehmood","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085865","url":null,"abstract":"During the 2008 National Electrical Code (NEC) [1] cycle, Article 708, Critical Operations Power Systems (COPS), was introduced. As stated in Article 708, Scope, “the provisions of this article apply to the installation, operation, monitoring, control and maintenance of the portions of the premises wiring system intended to supply, distribute, and control electricity to designated critical operations areas (DCOA) in the event of disruption to elements of the normal system.” Refineries and some petrochemical facilities may be included in this scope due to the criticality of their continuous operation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect the new requirements that a hardened electrical system will have upon design and engineering for these facilities. Key points are 1) risk assessment of the system, 2) power distribution requirements, 3) power sources and, 4) documentation of the emergency operations plan, all based on NEC [2] requirements and NFPA 1600–2010 [4], Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs. The term “hardened” in this paper is used to describe an installation that is highly resistant to damage or disruption and having a high degree of resiliency and dependability.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91171187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Your dog didn't eat your homework, and lightning didn't kill that motor 你的狗没吃你的作业，闪电也没毁了马达
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085881
C. Yung, J. Bryan
{"title":"Your dog didn't eat your homework, and lightning didn't kill that motor","authors":"C. Yung, J. Bryan","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085881","url":null,"abstract":"Countless times each year, lightning is wrongly blamed for electric motor failures. This paper addresses ways to differentiate between damage from lightning and that caused by inadequate ground fault protection or multiple start attempts after the initial failure. Transient conditions, rapid bus transfer, and ungrounded systems often mislead the repairer into blaming lightning for motor failures. A list of similar transients would have to include re-closure, improperly located power factor correction (PFC) capacitors, accidental connection of a new dual-voltage motor for the wrong voltage, and lightning.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80826018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Modernization of legacy adjustable speed drives brings new life to high capacity systems 现代化的传统可调速度驱动器带来了新的生活，高容量系统
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085879
Manish Verma, B. Dick, D. Phares, S. Bondy
{"title":"Modernization of legacy adjustable speed drives brings new life to high capacity systems","authors":"Manish Verma, B. Dick, D. Phares, S. Bondy","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085879","url":null,"abstract":"A method of modernization of existing adjustable speed drives is discussed in this paper. It provides the philosophy and the decision making tools needed on performing a drive upgrade to installed old drives, from a drive manufacture's perspective. Also, this paper provides a blueprint for the end users on evaluating the various retrofit/replacement options available. End user benefits and a comprehensive site survey are presented reinforcing the concept of a drive modernization. The modernizations whether on a direct current paper mill drive or a large pipeline compressor drive, have given new life to the adjustable speed drive while saving the operator thousands, perhaps millions of dollars in capital expenditures to maintain or replace the adjustable speed drive. The conclusion of this paper is that manufacturers and operators have a new options to explore that eliminates the concern of the adjustable speed drive being expensive to maintain or even obsolete after 15 to 20 years of operation.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89363599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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