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Mineral insulated heating cable sheath temperature test methods and design optimization techniques 矿物绝缘加热电缆护套温度测试方法及设计优化技术
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085896
B. McGrath, S. Thorat, G. Brady, R. Jurchuk, R. Loiselle, R. Derworiz
{"title":"Mineral insulated heating cable sheath temperature test methods and design optimization techniques","authors":"B. McGrath, S. Thorat, G. Brady, R. Jurchuk, R. Loiselle, R. Derworiz","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085896","url":null,"abstract":"Methods to measure and predict maximum sheath temperatures of mineral insulated (MI) heating cable vary by testing agency, standards writing body and manufacturer. This has resulted in confusion in the industry about the best approach to predict sheath temperatures of MI heat tracing cables. This paper presents an analysis of two different test methods for sheath temperature prediction. The test methods studied are commonly known in the industry as the ‘pipe test’ and the ‘plate test’. The paper demonstrates that the pipe test has significant variation in the measured sheath temperatures in successive test runs while the plate test produces a much more repeatable and accurate result. The paper proposes the use of the plate test as a preferred method to measure and predict maximum sheath temperature. As a related topic, the paper also presents general considerations for optimizing designs that will reduce costs and improve constructability of electrical heat tracing designs using MI heat tracing cables. A case study is presented to demonstrate application of these design optimization techniques.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77056110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determining Available Fault Current based on motor starting characteristics 基于电机起动特性确定可用故障电流
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085875
Mark T. Fisher, R.E. Downey, Scott M Tomlinson, James Babcock
{"title":"Determining Available Fault Current based on motor starting characteristics","authors":"Mark T. Fisher, R.E. Downey, Scott M Tomlinson, James Babcock","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085875","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss the techniques applied and results obtained by “reverse engineering” motor starting characteristics by both manual calculations on small electrical distribution systems and with electrical system analysis software on larger electrical distribution systems. The results of these calculations are then compared to actual values recorded in the field. While the Available Fault Current cannot be measured directly, the effect it has on the starting characteristics of large motors can be measured. These results can then be used to determine a range of Bounded Available Fault Current, which will produce motor starting characteristics within specific tolerances of those measured in the field.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83256197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Best of primer 最好的底漆
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085860
G. Donner, W. Paschall
{"title":"Best of primer","authors":"G. Donner, W. Paschall","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085860","url":null,"abstract":"The previous nine Primers have answered a wide range of questions covering motor theory and application problems. This Primer will concentrate on three subjects that have been answered before but continue to be of concern to motor users.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72511815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The influence of offshore and shipboard cables standardization on platform construction guidelines and local market 海、船用电缆标准化对平台施工规范和当地市场的影响
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085886
T. T. Borges, Michael da Fonseca Pinheiro, Waldir de Melo Mota Junior
{"title":"The influence of offshore and shipboard cables standardization on platform construction guidelines and local market","authors":"T. T. Borges, Michael da Fonseca Pinheiro, Waldir de Melo Mota Junior","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085886","url":null,"abstract":"In 1992 the Brazilian state owned oil & gas company established standards for offshore electrical cables. After some years, these documents became outdated and didn't comply with international standards. Then the company decided to cancel these internal documents and use international standards in order to specify these materials. Moreover, in order to minimize its expenses, the company decided to use off the shelf and less customized equipment in its projects. Therefore in 2009 the company decided to create standard technical specifications according to international standards of offshore cables, including IEC 61892-4 [2]. This IEC standard was unknown to the technicians and engineers of the company and the local market. Further, these new standard specifications considered new cable construction technologies (e.g. Mud resistant cables). The paper objectives are to disseminate this learning and share the knowledge gained through the research of international standards and technical consultations to manufacturers. It is expected that those actions will reduce the purchasing costs of offshore electrical cables. This study resulted in the update of the offshore units construction guidelines.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85234626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
IECEx assessment and certification of personnel competencies for individuals working in hazardous locations IECEx对在危险场所工作的个人的人员能力进行评估和认证
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085856
M. Cole, K. McManama
{"title":"IECEx assessment and certification of personnel competencies for individuals working in hazardous locations","authors":"M. Cole, K. McManama","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085856","url":null,"abstract":"The International Electrotechnical Commission System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for Use in Explosive Atmospheres (IECEx) has expanded its scope from simply product certification, to include the certification of individuals working in or with hazardous location industries.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89047744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Method for line-ground fault detection in variable frequency drives 变频传动线路接地故障检测方法
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085882
C. D. Rodriguez-Valdez, R. Tallam, R. Kerkman
{"title":"Method for line-ground fault detection in variable frequency drives","authors":"C. D. Rodriguez-Valdez, R. Tallam, R. Kerkman","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085882","url":null,"abstract":"An Industrial-Power-Converter-System (IPCS) is a system made up of several power converters, such as Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs), filters, and reactive power-compensation components. An IPCS requires the ability to accurately detect and isolate electric faults to avoid further compromising the integrity of the system. A rather common type of electric fault is the line-to-ground fault. It can occur either from a phase line to ground or from a winding to ground. Due to the complexity and asymmetry of IPCSs, reliably detecting cable line-to-ground faults is a formidable task. In this paper, challenges and solutions to such challenges are discussed. In [1], advantages of using current signature over voltage signature are discussed. In this paper, a reliable line-to-ground fault detection method based on identifying current signature uniquely linked to the occurrence of the fault is presented. The selected signature greatly reduces nuisance tripping. Furthermore, a simple but powerful method to set a threshold for the selected signature is introduced.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78272116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Classification of hazardous areas produced by maintenance interventions on N.G. distribution networks and in presence of open surface of flammable liquid 对天然气配电网的维护干预和存在易燃液体的开放表面所产生的危险区域进行分类
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085870
R. Tommasini, E. Pons
{"title":"Classification of hazardous areas produced by maintenance interventions on N.G. distribution networks and in presence of open surface of flammable liquid","authors":"R. Tommasini, E. Pons","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085870","url":null,"abstract":"The safety and protection of workers is a duty of their employer. In case of presence of hazardous areas due to the risk of explosion, an area classification has to be performed to identify the shape and size of the locations where an explosion may happen. Two typical cases that can produce hazardous areas are gas emissions from a containment system, because of normal operation or because of a failure, and vapors emissions from an open surface pool of flammable liquid. In this paper two studies are presented: the first deals with the problem of natural gas releases during maintenance work on the gas distribution network, the second with vapors emissions from a pool of flammable liquid. In the first case experimental measures have been performed to easily calculate the size of the hazardous area; in the second case computer simulations are used to derive a simplified model to determine it. The results of the two studies presented are examined and commented in the light of the International and national Standards.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"351 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76575561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Neta maintenance testing research on electrical power system equipment performance 电力系统设备性能的Neta检修试验研究
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085888
K. Heid, R. Widup
{"title":"Neta maintenance testing research on electrical power system equipment performance","authors":"K. Heid, R. Widup","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085888","url":null,"abstract":"NETA (International Electrical Testing Association) has been surveying its members over the past number of years regarding equipment maintenance and associated reliability issues. Surveys on electrical power distribution equipment and systems indicate a high number of equipment failures that directly impact personnel safety and intensify equipment damage. This paper introduces the latest survey results and other important information regarding electrical maintenance.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74487301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
PWM drive overvoltage trips in electrochemical plants 在电化学装置中PWM驱动过电压跳闸
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085866
P. Buddingh, Jack St. Mars
{"title":"PWM drive overvoltage trips in electrochemical plants","authors":"P. Buddingh, Jack St. Mars","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085866","url":null,"abstract":"Case study application paper for a recurring problem the authors have recently experienced in electrochemical plants using low voltage PWM ASD's. Low voltage ASD's are tripping on 1.3 per unit voltage switching transients lasting 1–3 cycles. The ubiquitous ASD has been so successful that it is now used on critical plant processes that cannot tolerate outages. Most power system components are built to operate with a significant level of transient voltage resilience. This does not appear be the case for some of the low voltage ASD's in use today. This paper examines this issue and provides a specifying methodology for new ASD's, field proven cost effective corrective measures for installed ASD's, and a case study.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"204 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80317107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ARC flash calculations using a physics based circuit model 电弧闪光计算使用基于物理电路模型
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085872
T. Papallo
{"title":"ARC flash calculations using a physics based circuit model","authors":"T. Papallo","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2011.6085872","url":null,"abstract":"Arc Flash calculations in the IEEE 1584™, “IEEE Guide for Performing Arc Flash Calculations” calculate the arcing current and the incident energy using logarithmic curve fit equations. These equations are the result of a regression analysis of multiple arc flash tests and describe the arcing current and incident energy over the full range of bolted fault currents.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"98 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85766942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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