Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle, Juliana Ferreira de Brito, Robson da Silva Rocha, Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Munoz, Willyam Róger Padilha Barros
{"title":"XXIV Brazilian Symposium of Electrochemistry and Electroanalysis (XXIV SIBEE — Simpósio Brasileiro de Eletroquímica e Eletroanalítica) — Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","authors":"Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle, Juliana Ferreira de Brito, Robson da Silva Rocha, Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Munoz, Willyam Róger Padilha Barros","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06166-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-06166-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":"29 3","pages":"791 - 793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unravelling the potential of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles for electrochemical pesticide detection","authors":"Harini U, Caroline Ponraj","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06151-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-06151-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monocrotophos (MCP)—a toxic organophosphorus (OP) insecticide—has been widely used in the agricultural field to protect crops from weeds, vectors, insects, etc. Among the different OP pesticides—methyl parathion, dichlofenthion, paraoxon, etc.—monocrotophos is the one which is frequently used by farmers because of its high insecticidal prevention activity. Due to its excellent solubility in water, the residues of MCP have a high chance of entering into the human food cycle which sequentially causes acute poisoning and various health issues. To address it, an effective detection system should be implemented that has the capability of detecting MCP at very low concentrations. Herein, bismuth ferrite particles with varied morphology and surface properties are synthesized using sol–gel and hydrothermal methods, and their sensing properties are effectively compared. Structural, morphological, and surface area measurements are carried out by TG/DTA, XRD, FTIR, HRSEM, and BET, respectively. Consequently, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-modified bismuth ferrite (BFO) electrodes were used for electrochemical detection of monocrotophos. Relatively, bismuth ferrite xerogel powders exhibit good stability for up to 3 weeks with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.638 µM. From the laboratory study, it can be understood that the synthesis procedure plays a crucial role in the electrochemical detection of pesticides.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":"29 5","pages":"2005 - 2019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huseyn Osman, Mehmet Uğurlu, Selman İlteriş Yılmaz, Ali İmran Vaizoğullar, Abdul Jabbar Chaudhary
{"title":"Investigation of synthesis and sonocatalytic performance of activated carbon-supported catalysis systems","authors":"Huseyn Osman, Mehmet Uğurlu, Selman İlteriş Yılmaz, Ali İmran Vaizoğullar, Abdul Jabbar Chaudhary","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06158-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-06158-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the sonocatalytic systems for the catalytic treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) effluent streams. For this purpose, four different types of activated carbon-supported catalysts (TiO<sub>2</sub>/AC, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>/AC, WO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>/AC, and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>/AC) were synthesized by sol–gel method. The sonocatalysts were characterized by using TEM, SEM, XRD characterization techniques, and BET analyses. The performance of these novel catalytic systems was investigated by conducting experiments to remove various types of polluting components from OMW such as color, lignin, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Preliminary experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of various parameters such as reaction time, catalyst type, amount (as solid/liquid ratio), ultrasound amplitude, and initial pH values for process optimization. In the preliminary studies, it has been observed that there was no change in the percentage removal of the abovementioned polluting components. In the second set of experiments, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) was used as the oxidizing agent. The results showed that the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>/AC catalyst was much better than the remaining catalysts in the removal of color, lignin, and COD from OMW effluent streams. In addition, when this method was used, it was observed that lignin was removed significantly (60%), but an increase in phenol concentration was observed (40%). It was observed that high efficiency was obtained under experimental conditions of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>/AC catalyst, catalyst amount: 1.0 gL<sup>−1</sup>, time: 90 min, 1 mLL<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, 60% amplitude, and natural pH. In addition, it was observed that the removal was higher as the amplitude ratio increased and pH values were lower. It can be said that the sonocatalytic process may be more effective at the beginning, and the efficiency increase may be higher when integrated with the other processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":"29 5","pages":"1985 - 2003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingwei Zuo, Peng Xia, Hangyu Li, Wutao Mao, Keyan Bao
{"title":"Fast and highly selective lithium leaching and regeneration of spent ternary cathode materials","authors":"Xingwei Zuo, Peng Xia, Hangyu Li, Wutao Mao, Keyan Bao","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06145-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-06145-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, a novel method for the rapid and highly selective leaching of lithium (Li) from LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM333) material using an oxalic acid solution is presented. The effects of the lithium leaching rate were investigated both before and after 1000 cycles of operation in power batteries utilizing this material. Additionally, the mechanism underlying the rapid selective leaching of lithium by oxalic acid from spent NCM333 was elucidated. Following the leaching process, the residual valuable metals (Ni, Co, and Mn) were regenerated through high-temperature calcination to yield NCM333. Subsequently, the electrochemical performance of the regenerated material was evaluated. At a temperature of 95 °C, lithium (Li) was rapidly and selectively leached from the cathode material using a 1 mol/L oxalic acid solution, achieving a leaching efficiency of 99.8% within 15 min. Concurrently, approximately 97% of nickel (Ni), 97% of cobalt (Co), and 83% of manganese (Mn) were converted into oxalate precipitates. After mixing the oxalate precipitate with a certain amount of Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> in proportion, the NCM333 cathode material is directly regenerated by high temperature calcination and exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. The highest initial discharge specific capacity reached 131.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 150 mA g<sup>−1</sup> (1 C). After 100 cycles, the initial discharge-specific capacity was recorded at 126.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, corresponding to a specific capacity retention rate of 96.48%. This method offers a straightforward approach and new insights for the recovery and regeneration of spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":"29 5","pages":"1963 - 1973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The performance of phosphorus hexarbide monolayer as lithium-ion battery anode materials by boron and sulfur doping","authors":"Shasha Wu, Ningning Su","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06148-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-06148-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is very crucial for the further commercialization of batteries to develop promising new anode materials. In this paper, the potential of sulfur- and boron-doped phosphorus hexacarbide (PC<sub>6</sub>) materials in lithium-ion batteries was studied based on density functional theory. Sulfur- and boron-doped improved the conductivity of the PC<sub>6</sub>, and reduced the lithium ion diffusion barriers on the PC<sub>6.857</sub> S<sub>0.143</sub> and α-PC<sub>5.875</sub> B<sub>0.125</sub> surfaces with values of 0.38 eV and 0.37 eV, respectively, which were lower than that of the pristine PC<sub>6</sub> surface of 0.47 eV. Charge transfer calculations show strong Coulombic interactions of lithium ions with PC<sub>6.857</sub> S<sub>0.143</sub> and α-PC<sub>5.875</sub> B<sub>0.125</sub>. The theoretical storage capacities of PC<sub>6.857</sub>S<sub>0.143</sub> and α-PC<sub>5.875</sub>B<sub>0.125</sub> were 519.77 mA·h/g and 781.56 mA·h/g, respectively. These values were not only superior to conventional two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene (372 mA·h/g) and MXene (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> 447.8 mA·h/g), but also B-doped PC<sub>6</sub> was higher than the pristine PC<sub>6</sub> (717.09 mA·h/g) and N-doped PC<sub>6</sub> (778.72 mA·h/g). Our research suggests that α-PC<sub>5.875</sub>B<sub>0.125</sub> is a potential candidate as anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":"29 5","pages":"1975 - 1983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madhusudan Painuly, Ravi Pratap Singh, Rajeev Trehan
{"title":"Investigation into surface quality of Inconel 625 processed with micro-electrochemical machining","authors":"Madhusudan Painuly, Ravi Pratap Singh, Rajeev Trehan","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06156-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-06156-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article aims to investigate the effects of various process parameters, including electrolyte concentration, applied voltage, tool feed rate, and pulse frequency, on the average surface roughness (Ra) and roundness error (RE) during micro-electrochemical drilling of nickel-based superalloy (Inconel 625). The conducted experimentation has been performed on the in-house fabricated micro-electrochemical setup designed for performing various advanced machining operations at a miniature scale. The statistical results confirmed the accuracy and consistency of the developed mathematical models. The Ra and RE both are notably influenced by the considered input parameters, particularly applied potential difference and pulse frequency. The obtained minimum and maximum values of Ra were 0.458 µm and 1.241 µm, respectively, while the minimum and maximum values of RE were 36.484 µm and 102.794 µm, correspondingly. Furthermore, the microstructure of processed work surfaces was examined and evaluated with the field emission scanning electron microscope. The analysis revealed detailed insights into various surface integrity aspects such as the zones of stray current effect, developed micro pits, deposition of metal globules, intergranular attack, and formation of electrolytic products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":"29 4","pages":"1543 - 1559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikos G. Tsierkezos, Alexandra Karagianni, Eike Felix Reddmann, Uwe Ritter, David E. Sanchez, Mauricio Terrones, Konstantinos V. Kordatos
{"title":"Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes co‐doped with sulfur and nitrogen as sensors for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of biomolecules","authors":"Nikos G. Tsierkezos, Alexandra Karagianni, Eike Felix Reddmann, Uwe Ritter, David E. Sanchez, Mauricio Terrones, Konstantinos V. Kordatos","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06157-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-06157-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multi-walled carbon nanotubes co-doped with sulfur and nitrogen (S–N-MWCNTs) were produced onto silicon/silicon oxide by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) upon decomposition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (ACN) in the presence of ferrocene (FeCp<sub>2</sub>). The synthesized S–N-MWCNTs were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical response of S–N-MWCNTs towards oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and glucose (GL) was investigated in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 7.4) by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). Strong dependence of electrochemical quality of S–N-MWCNTs on the concentration of decomposed DMSO precursor was observed. Namely, upon increasing the percentage of decayed DMSO from 1.0 up to 2.0% wt., the electrocatalytic activity of S–N-MWCNTs tends to improve. The separations of oxidation waves between AA-DA, DA-UA, and AA-UA reached their maximum values on S–N-MWCNTs-3, fabricated upon decomposition of 2.0% wt. DMSO precursor, permitting their individual and simultaneous electrochemical determination. Strong interference of GL in the analysis of DA was observed, and consequently, simultaneous analysis of AA, DA, and UA can be only carried out in the absence of GL. A great influence of concentration of decomposed DMSO precursor on the sensitivity of S–N-MWCNTs was also observed. Specifically, upon increasing the percentage of decayed DMSO from 1.0 up to 2.0% wt., the sensitivity and detection capability of S–N-MWCNTs towards AA, DA, UA, and GL analytes tend to enhance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":"29 5","pages":"1945 - 1961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10008-024-06157-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bolu Sun, Chengyang Gao, Haiying He, Dai Li, Miao Zhou, Xuanxiu Da, Ke Sun, Guolin Chai, Quan Hao, Fangdi Hu, Lingbin Kong
{"title":"A novel electrochemical sensor based on CS/ACK@CeO2/GCE for high selectivity and sensitivity analysis of baicalin in complex samples","authors":"Bolu Sun, Chengyang Gao, Haiying He, Dai Li, Miao Zhou, Xuanxiu Da, Ke Sun, Guolin Chai, Quan Hao, Fangdi Hu, Lingbin Kong","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06143-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-06143-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Baicalin is an index component used for the quality evaluation of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> <i>Georgi</i> with significant anticancer activity. It is very important to develop a highly selective and sensitive method for the detection of baicalin in complex samples, which is used for standardized planting, harvesting, and processing of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i>, quality control of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> herbs and products. Based on this, a novel electrochemical sensor based on CS/ACK@CeO<sub>2</sub>-NPs composite material was constructed for the rapid and sensitive detection of baicalin in complex samples. It is noteworthy that cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO<sub>2</sub>-NPs) were loaded on the KMnO<sub>4</sub>-modified activated carbon (ACK) and used in the construction of electrochemical sensors for the first time. The number of micropores of ACK was significantly increased, and the specific surface area of the material was effectively increased. The combination of ACK with cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO<sub>2</sub>-NPs) avoided the agglomeration of CeO<sub>2</sub>-NPs, which produced a significant synergistic effect, increased the electron transfer rate, and provided more active adsorption sites for electron transfer. In addition, chitosan (CS) has good film-forming performance, so adding CS to the ACK@CeO<sub>2</sub>-NPs system not only improves the film-forming performance and mechanical properties but also makes the constructed sensor more stable and sensitive. After optimizing the conditions, the test displayed good linearity in the concentration range (2.24 × 10<sup>−4</sup> ~ 4.48 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mol/L) of baicalin with the lowest detection limit of 4.81 × 10<sup>−9</sup> mol/L (<i>S</i>/<i>N</i> = 3) when it is used for the detection of baicalin in complex samples. This method provides a new approach for the rapid and sensitive detection of baicalin in complex samples. The application of electrochemical analysis techniques to the instant monitoring of active or indicator components in the materials of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and their preparations is expected to provide a sensitive, rapid, and reliable monitoring and analysis technique for the quality control of TCM and their products throughout their life cycle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":"29 5","pages":"2037 - 2049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrodeposition of metals into nano/micropores of templates: a type of electrochemistry under confinement (review)","authors":"D. A. Bograchev, T. B. Kabanova, A. D. Davydov","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06118-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-06118-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrodeposition of metals into nanopores of templates represents a crucial area of study within the field of confinement-controlled electrochemistry. This review addresses the templated synthesis of nanocomposites (nonmetallic hard templates with one-dimensional cylindrical nanopores filled with metal or semiconductor) and single nanowires and nanotubes obtained by template dissolution. The focus is on the influence of electrochemical conditions such as electrolyte composition, electrodeposition regimes, and template characteristics on the morphological and physical properties of the resulting nanostructures. Additionally, this review introduces the theoretical modeling of mass transfer in templated electrodeposition, which is critical for understanding and optimizing the pore-filling processes and the uniformity of nanostructure formation. The potential applications of these nanostructures in fields such as electronics, optoelectronics, and catalysis are also discussed, highlighting their significant implications for advancing nanotechnology and materials science.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":"29 4","pages":"1309 - 1340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10008-024-06118-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of growth condition of n-type Bi2O3 semiconductors for improved photoelectrochemical applications","authors":"Sangeeta Ghosh, Debajit Laha, Sukumar Kundu, Swarnendu Baduri, Debasish Ray, Chinmoy Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06152-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-06152-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For the purpose of hydrogen production with free solar energy, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting process grabbed attention as a sustainable route. PEC systems offer several benefits to produce hydrogen, including low environmental impact. For the PEC water oxidation process, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (BO) is considered a very promising semiconductor due to its moderate bandgap of 2.65 eV and can exist in various phases. In order to determine the optimum growth temperature of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for the PEC water splitting reaction and the photocatalytic dye degradation reaction, a series of bismuth (III) oxide semiconductors (SC) is developed in the present work using bismuth nitrate as a precursor varying the annealing temperatures (200–800 °C) in air. The optimized Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> exhibits the highest photo-activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B target pollutants, which was confirmed by different physicochemical and photocatalytic experimental studies. The sample annealed at an optimized temperature of 650 °C achieved the maximum photocurrent of 0.19 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for water splitting reaction in the presence of phosphate buffer solution with 0.1 M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (pH 7), under periodic chopped illumination of UV–vis light with 100 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> light intensity at 1.17 V versus Ag/AgCl. The n-type nature of the semiconductor has been determined through Mott-Schottky analysis. Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> facilitates the photo-activated electron–hole charge separation and migration due to its relative band position, and as a result, the stable performance of the semiconductor was also reported. The degradation reaction in the presence of scavenger materials such as triethanolamine (TEOA), tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) and p-benzoquinone (BQ) has also been studied to propose the most plausible mechanism of degradation reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":"29 1","pages":"117 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}