Journal of Polymers and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Epoxy Chain Extender and Multiple Processing on Poly-(R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate’s Properties","authors":"Klaus Hinterberger,&nbsp;Priyanka Main,&nbsp;Christoph Waly,&nbsp;Thomas Lucyshyn","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03425-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03425-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The semi-crystalline poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biobased and biodegradable polymer. This makes it a promising alternative to polypropylene (PP), especially for packaging applications. PHB has excellent barrier properties to O₂, CO₂, and H₂O, but is susceptible to degradation from heat and hydrolysis. The epoxy chain extender Joncryl^® was added to PHB in a simulated recycling process to reverse the degradation due to processing. The effects of the chain extender and the degradation due to processing were investigated with thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small strain oscillatory plate-plate rheometry, tensile tests, and notched Charpy impact tests. With the addition of the chain extender, a decrease in peak crystallization temperature and tensile modulus, and an increase in zero-shear viscosity and elongation at break were observed. For each additional processing step the zero-shear viscosity, the elongation at break, and the notched impact strength decreased, while the tensile modulus increased. The effect of the thermal load during processing on the material properties is significantly higher compared to the effect of the addition of the chain extender. Therefore, the practical application of the investigated chain extender alone in a multi-stage recycling process seems limited. This is due to the low processing temperature of PHB, which seems to limit the full potential of Joncryl^® due to the slow reaction speed at this temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"112 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10924-024-03425-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Lignin-derived Methoxybisphenols for the Preparation of Bio-based Polyesters for Packaging Applications","authors":"Haoming Xu,&nbsp;Zhengzai Cheng,&nbsp;Lesly Dasilva Wandji Djouonkep,&nbsp;Mario Gauthier,&nbsp;Yingzi Zuo,&nbsp;Wei Tang,&nbsp;Leyang Xiang","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03405-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03405-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The packaging industry faces a shortage of high-strength bio-derived polyesters that can rival polyethylene derivatives, resulting in the overexploitation of fossil resources. By condensing lignin-derived 2-methoxyhydroquinone with methyl 4-chloromethyl benzoate, the diester dimethyl 4,4’-(((2-methoxy-1,4-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dibenzoate (M) was synthesized. Using monomer M and hydroquinone hydroxyethyl ether, aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters P₁-P₄ were prepared via melt polycondensation reaction employing various aliphatic diacids (1,4-butanedioic acid, 1,6-hexanedioic acid, 1,8-octanedioic acid, and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid). The chemical structures of the copolyesters were elucidated using FTIR and ¹H NMR, while their properties were characterized through gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile testing, and dynamic mechanical analysis. GPC analysis revealed that the average molecular weight (M_w) of copolyesters P₁–P₄ ranged from 4.22 to 5.03 × 10⁴ g/mol, while thermal property analysis indicated that the copolyesters thermal stability decreased with increasing aliphatic diacid spacer length unit. Also, the glass transition temperature (T_g) and melting point (T_m) decreased from 90 to 68 °C and 182–158 °C, respectively. Mechanical analysis showed a decrease in tensile modulus from 1740 to 1010 MPa, as well as yield strength from 76 to 54 MPa, but indicated an increase in elongation at break from 236 to 295%, owed to the growth of carbon chains which increases the proportion of flexible units in the polymer chain. The degradability study indicated a modest degradation rate from 3.9 to 5.1% after 30 weeks from P₁–P₄, with low ecotoxicity in all cases. P₄, consisting of 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, exhibited the highest degradation rate, due to its low proportion of benzene units. These findings provide insights into the structure-property relationships of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters while contributing to the advancement of high M_w polyesters with performance comparable to conventional petroleum-derived polyesters, aligning with the strategy of green low-carbon, energy-saving, reduction, and sustainable development of polymeric materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"145 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticization of Polylactide Using Biobased Epoxidized Isobutyl Esters Derived from Waste Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate","authors":"L. Najera-Losada,&nbsp;P. C. Narváez-Rincón,&nbsp;A. Orjuela,&nbsp;J. Gomez-Caturla,&nbsp;O. Fenollar,&nbsp;R. Balart","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03415-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03415-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of epoxidized isobutyl esters (EIE) derived from soybean oil deodorizing distillate (SODD) were synthesized via esterification with isobutanol followed by epoxidation. Epoxidized isobutyl soyate (EIS), epoxidized isobutyl soyate distillate (EISD), as well as the epoxidized esters of the main fatty acids contained in SODD, namely, epoxidized isobutyl linoleate (EIL), and epoxidized isobutyl oleate (EIO) were also synthesized and assessed as environmentally friendly plasticizers for polylactide (PLA). A comparison of the plasticizing efficiency of 10 wt.% of these EIE on PLA properties is addressed in this work. The effects of the different EIE on mechanical properties (tensile and impact tests) at 21 ºC, thermal transitions and thermal degradation, dynamic-mechanical thermal properties and dimensional change with temperature, and morphology are evaluated and compared with commercial epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC). Tensile tests indicate that EIE provide increased elongation at break from 8.8% (neat PLA), up to 10–32%, depending on the EIE. EIE seem to be more compatible with PLA as observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) since they do not give evidence of phase separation, or plasticizer saturation, which is clearly observed with ESBO. Regarding thermal properties, all EIE provide a noticeable decrease in the glass transition temperature (T_g) from 61.6 ºC (neat PLA), down to values ranging from 42 to 48 ºC, remarkably lower than the decrease provided by ESBO with a T_g value of 56.6 ºC. These findings reveal that EIE are promising plasticizers for PLA with balanced properties and contribute to improve its intrinsic brittleness by increasing the impact toughness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"125 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10924-024-03415-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalization of Chitosan-Chitin Nanowhiskers Films By Impregnation With Essential Oils Via Supercritical CO2","authors":"C. Muñoz-Núñez,&nbsp;V. Hevilla,&nbsp;J. Zágora,&nbsp;D. Plachá,&nbsp;A. Muñoz-Bonilla,&nbsp;M. Fernández-García","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03413-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03413-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, we prepared functional chitosan films reinforced with chitin nanocrystals by supercritical solvent impregnation with a variety of essential oils, i.e. mentha, clove, and cinnamon. Two different chitosan film structures were evaluated, smooth and compact films obtained by casting; and highly porous films prepared by lyophilization process. The effect of the film morphology, essential oil impregnation and the presence of chitin nanowhiskers on the properties of the films were extensively investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and tensile testing; while the bioactive functions were evaluated by measuring the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. It was found that the impregnation of essential oils is much higher in porous films, confering notable antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The incorporation of chitin nanocrystal does not influence on the impregnation process, and only improves slightly the antioxidant performance, which is clearly appreciable in the case of films obtained by casting with an increase of ca. 35% from chitosan without to samples with 5 wt% of chitin nanowhiskers. Nevertheless, an important enhancement of the mechanical properties, particularly in elastic modulus, is clearly appreciated with the incorporation of chitin nanowhisker into the films, with values of 50% higher in comparison with chitosan without nanowishers. However, the elongation at break and tensile strength values suffer a slight decrease.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><img></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"96 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10924-024-03413-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally-Conductive-Pin Patterned Substrate: Innovative Strategy for Controlled Formation of Tubular Pores in Biodegradable Polymer Membranes","authors":"Young Gun Ko","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03422-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03422-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) technique has been widely utilized for fabricating porous materials such as membranes and scaffolds. However, the precise positioning of pore formation is often challenging due to the uncontrolled temperature gradient within the materials during the TIPS process. Drawing inspiration from the coexistence of tubular pores with varying diameters in natural structures, a novel approach was devised to replicate this natural structure using a combination of biodegradable polymer (poly-L-lactic acid), a patterned cap-equipped mold, and a temperature-controllable one-directional-cooling apparatus. The pattern consisted of high-thermal-conductivity Ti alloy pins encased in low-thermal-conductivity polyethylene (PE). The differential thermal gradient between the pins and the PE portion of the cap facilitated the formation of tubular or flat-plate pores in the desired areas. Significantly, a porous structure featuring well-aligned flat-plate pores and a sandwich panel skeleton was successfully fabricated using a cosolvent system (benzene/dimethyl carbonate). It is anticipated that the innovative strategy incorporating the patterned cap, the one-directional-cooling apparatus, and the cosolvent system will introduce a novel and promising method for fabricating intricate porous structures extending beyond conventional polymer membranes and scaffolds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"51 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of Tungsten Trioxide with Polyamidoamine Dendrimer: A Thermosensitive Nanocarrier for Near-Infrared Laser Triggered Delivery of Docetaxel","authors":"Sedigheh Karami,&nbsp;Amir Heidarinasab,&nbsp;Homayon Ahmad Panahi,&nbsp;Motaleb Ghasemian","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03410-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03410-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pH and thermo-sensitive nanocarrier was synthesized by the modification of tungsten trioxide (WO₃) through copolymerization reaction and branched polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer for use in near-infrared (NIR) triggered docetaxel (DTX) delivery. To do this, after grafting on the WO₃ nanoparticle surface with a thermo-sensitive poly [(vinyl methyl ether)]–<i>co</i>-[allylamine]s, three generations of PAMAM dendrimer using ethylenediamine and methyl methacrylate, were successfully grown formed. Nanostructures were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, GPC and TGA. Different parameters including temperature, pH, and contact times were considered to optimize the operating conditions and evaluate the potential of dendrimer nanocarrier for drug delivery. By analyzing the in vitro drug release after 6 h in fluids with different pH (5.6 and 7.4) and temperatures (37 and 50 °C), a good response was found at pH 5.6 and temperature 50 °C, which indicated controlled release of drug and the dual response (pH and thermo responsiveness) of the nanocarrier. Investigation of the effect of NIR irradiation showed that the release of DTX under NIR irradiation within 12 min was 99%, which was 10 times that without NIR. Photothermal effect of NIR induced the shrinkage of thermo-sensitive polymer which results in the control of drug. Besides, the adsorption kinetic was examined using Temkin, Dubinin, Freundlich, and Langmuir isotherm models. The sorption process of DTX by nanocarrier was best expressed by the Langmuir model with high coefficient of determination (R²) equal to 0.9985. Also, pseudo-second-order kinetic model confirmed the best correlation between experimental data with R² = 0.999. The results revealed that the pH/ thermo-sensitive nanocarrier is a promising candidate for drug delivery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"12 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Mixed Waste Paper Properties Through Formamidine Sulfinic Acid Bleaching and Cationic Additive Treatments","authors":"Sima Sepahvand,&nbsp;Iman Akbarpour,&nbsp;Alireza Ashori","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03411-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03411-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the synergistic effects of formamidine sulfinic acid (FAS) bleaching and cationic additives on mixed waste paper (MWP) quality. MWP was chemically deinked and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) or FAS at concentrations of 1–4%. Cationic starch and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) were applied as dry-strength additives at 1–3%. FAS bleaching at 4% dosage outperformed H₂O₂, improving brightness by 17% and reducing yellowness by 56%. CPAM showed superior performance in enhancing paper strength properties compared to cationic starch, with an optimal concentration of 2% for both additives. Surface charge analysis demonstrated effective fiber negative charge neutralization by both additives, with CPAM exhibiting higher efficiency. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed significant improvements in fiber surface characteristics, particularly with 2% CPAM and 4% FAS combination. Water retention value decreased with additive application, potentially improving dewatering efficiency. Results indicate that combining FAS bleaching with optimized CPAM dosage can significantly enhance recycled paper quality, potentially narrowing the gap between recycled and virgin pulp properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"29 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Poly[(R)3HB], Poly[(S)3HB], and Poly[(R)3HB-co-(S)3HB] by Phosphazene Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of β-Butyrolactone Enantiomers Derived from (R)-Methyl 3-Hydroxybutyrate","authors":"Hideaki Ono,&nbsp;Shinji Tanaka,&nbsp;Masanori Tamura,&nbsp;Masaru Yoshida,&nbsp;Sho Inagaki","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03404-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03404-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) has attracted considerable attention as an alternative to industrial polymers owing to its biorenewability and biodegradability, even in oceans. The chemical synthesis of P3HB offers advantages for the construction of molecular architectures in response to the increasing demand for materials designed for a new class of bio-related applications, including drug delivery systems and biodegradable plastics. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of <i>β</i>-butyrolactone (BL) has been actively studied since the 1960s; however, the synthesis of isotactic P3HB remains challenging. Here, both enantiomers, (<i>S</i>)-BL and (<i>R</i>)-BL, were prepared from (<i>R</i>)-methyl 3-hydroxy butyrate and used for ROP with a phosphazene base (P1-<i>t</i>-Bu-tris). ROP proceeded with stereo inversion, and P[(<i>R</i>)3HB] was obtained from (<i>S</i>)-BL. Conversely, P[(<i>S</i>)3HB] was also synthesized from (<i>R</i>)-BL. Notably, P[(<i>R</i>)3HB] exhibited high isotacticity ([<i>mm</i>] = 0.97–0.99 and <i>P</i>_m = 0.97– &gt; 0.99) analogous to the natural P3HB. Their molecular weights (<i>M</i>_n = 16.6–23.2 kDa) are compatible to those of previous reports for ROP of optically active BL. The copolymerization between (<i>S</i>)- and (<i>R</i>)-BL at an arbitrary ratio produced randomly distributed atactic P3HB in all cases. A mechanism for ROP using P1-<i>t</i>-Bu-tris was proposed, similar to the reported anionic ROP, in which a crotonic carboxylate acts as an initiator and carboxylate anions attacks the C3-carbon of BL. The proposed approach will facilitate the development of environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional industrial polymers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene Derivatives Functionalized Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane Through Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine: Multifunctional Scaffold with High Potential for Nerve Tissue Engineering","authors":"Negin Borzooee Moghadam,&nbsp;Manizheh Avatefi,&nbsp;Mehrdad Shavali,&nbsp;Matin Mahmoudifard","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03407-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03407-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Injuries to the nervous system continue to be a problem on a global scale due to the limited capacity of the nervous system to self-repair. Today, electrospun nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) are widely used in nerve tissue engineering due to their advanced properties such as low-cost, being uncomplicated, the potential to give direction to neurite outgrowth, and their highly manageable properties. Recently, the fabrication of functionalized NFMs has been proposed as a viable strategy to help restore the function of the nervous system. This would be accomplished by creating the ideal microenvironment that could mimic the features of the extracellular matrix of neural cells such as conductivity. The main objective of this project was to construct a biocompatible and electro-conductive NFM with the potential to promote proliferation and induce differentiation into neuron-like cells in PC12 cells. Basic PCL and gelatin based scaffolds seem to lack the highly desired properties of cellular implants for neural tissue engineering such as high biocompatibility, tailored biodegradability, high antibacterial, and ROS scavenging properties. For this purpose, Poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin (PG) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were coated with GO and GQD through Mussel-inspired polydopamine (DOPA) (PG-DOPA-GO and PG-DOPA-GQD). There is a dearth of research on the application of GQD in neural tissue engineering, and there is no comparative assessment of GO and GQD’s effectiveness when coated through DOPA on the surface of PG NFM, in PC12 differentiation. For the first time, the outcomes of these NFMs, as neural tissue engineering scaffolds are assessed and contrasted from the standpoints of surface, structure, mechanical, and biological aspects. Apart from that, as far as we know, this is the first work using graphene-based nanomaterials via polydopamine mediated coatings in PG NFMs for nerve tissue engineering. The NFMs structural analysis through SEM, FTIR, and EDAX determined that the nanofibrous membranes are porous and truly coated by DOPA, GO, and GQD. It was also demonstrated that PG-DOPA-GO and PG-DOPA-GQD NFMs are highly conductive, hemo-compatible, antibacterial, possessing good hydrophilicity. At the same time, they are displayed to be biodegradable with adjustable structural integrity and stiffness. The NFMs potential to induce the expression of neuron-like differentiation factors in the PC12 cells cultured on the scaffold was determined by introducing neurofilament-200 (NF200) and Nestin antibodies after 7 days’ cell ceding. Simultaneously, qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the NF-200 and Nestin genes, both among the important genes regulating neural differentiation, are highly expressed when the conductivity and biocompatibility of the scaffold are increased through GO coating. Overall, the PG-DOPA-GO NFM was determined to outperform the other scaffolds regarding increased proliferation, viability, and neuron-like differentiation-related facto","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"32 12","pages":"6698 - 6724"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatile Compounds and Off-odors Analysis of Recycled PLA for Packaging Applications: An Essential Factor for Ensuring Food Safety and Quality","authors":"Robert Paiva,&nbsp;Magdalena Wrona,&nbsp;Cristina Nerín,&nbsp;Georgiana-Luminita Gavril,&nbsp;Sandra Andrea Cruz","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03409-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03409-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent European guidelines support the use of recycled and biodegradable packaging for food applications. The approval of such packaging must not alter food’s taste or be harmful to health. In this work, PLA pellets were subjected to a post-consumer contamination procedure, washing process, and mechanical recycling, under common conditions of the recycling industry. HS-SPME-GC-MS and HS-SPME-GC-O-MS methods were used to detect volatile compounds and off-odor profiles. 33 different volatile compounds were identified in all samples. Intentionally added and non-intentionally added substances (IAS and NIAS) were identified, including benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, and dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione. The relationship between the formation of different NIAS and the PLA recycling process steps was determined. 14 different odor compounds such as benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, nonanal, decanal, dodecanal, 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol were detected and classified into 4 aroma groups (Toasted, Flower, Green and Chemical). The results obtained are essential for the food safety of recycled plastic material for food contact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"32 12","pages":"6687 - 6697"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}