Journal of Polymers and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Bio-transforming Cassava Pulp into Valuable Volatile Fatty Acids as Renewable and Inexpensive Substrates for Biogas and Bioplastic Prospects","authors":"Alifia Issabella Mulyawati,&nbsp;Benjaphon Suraraksa,&nbsp;Pawinee Chaiprasert","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03351-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03351-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cassava pulp (CP) generated annually in Thailand has become the major agro-industrial solid waste problem, but its potential for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production has not been intensively explored. Waste-derived VFAs gained attention due to their broad applications as substrates for biomethane and bioplastic or bio-based chemicals, replacing petrochemical-based ones. This study proposed the next generation of CP waste management for VFAs production as renewable and inexpensive substrates for biogas and bioplastic prospects. A microbial consortium enriched with hydrolytic and acidogenic bacteria (EHA) was used as inoculum seed for anaerobic fermentation of CP to produce VFAs. The stepwise increasing substrate to 5% CP resulted in VFAs yield of up to 0.16 g acetic acid and 0.22 g butyric acids per g of CP added, requiring only 1% of microbial inoculum. Acid-tolerant spore-forming <i>Clostridium</i> dominated the EHA consortium and was easy to maintain during stress conditions. If the annual CP generated is subjected to this proposed waste management system, 0.31 million tons of acetic acid and 0.43 million tons of butyric acid can be produced annually. These VFAs can be further used as mixed VFAs for biomethane and bioplastic production prospects or extracted as a pure VFA and sold to the chemicals market. Moreover, bio-transformation of CP into VFAs through fermentation using the special EHA consortium requires minimum operational cost and produces high-economy products while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. This next-generation CP waste utilization will be of good use in the future by contributing to sustainable development goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injectable Hydrogels for Intratumoral Administration Against Breast Cancer","authors":"Elnaz Bagheri,&nbsp;Mohammad Ramezani,&nbsp;Marzieh Mohammadi,&nbsp;Mona Alibolandi","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03344-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03344-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breast cancer poses a significant health risk and remains the most prevalent cancer among women. The side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy, such as neurotoxicity, liver or kidney dysfunction, highlight the urgent need for novel breast cancer therapies. In this regard, local delivery of chemotherapeutics has been emerged to be one of the efficient methods to eradicate the tumor cells. Injectable hydrogels were developed as drug delivery systems for localized drug accumulation and controlled drug release at the tumor site. Hydrogels are 3D network of polymeric structures with notable biocompatibility, swelling properties and mechanical strength. In fact, an injectable hydrogel enhances drug delivery efficiency, reduces systemic drug cytotoxicity, minimizes the essential drug dosage and frequency of drug administration. The studies based on injectable hydrogels for specific cancer therapy showed that such platforms are more effective and durable methods than traditional chemotherapy. Additionally, they are vastly used in inhibiting postsurgical tumor recurrence. These hydrogel platforms can integrate multiple breast cancer therapies into a single structure to improve the treatment efficacy. In this review, a variety of injectable hydrogel drug delivery platforms were discussed for several types of applications, such as gene therapy, drug delivery, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and combined therapies with synergistic effects against breast cancer. Moreover, we provided a brief summary of the recent advances in the application of such hydrogels for breast cancer treatment. This review provides insight into the recent advancements in injectable hydrogels and discusses the potential future applications and challenges associated with this drug delivery technology toward cancer therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopolymeric Composite Columns for Improving Water Quality in a Freshwater Stream Receiving Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents","authors":"Şahin Akpınar,&nbsp;Fatma Gurbuz,&nbsp;Samet Özcan,&nbsp;Mehmet Odabaşı","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03335-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03335-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inefficiently treated wastewater, which contains a high concentration of pollutants, is hazardous when it is mixed with the clean water of rivers and lakes. Nitrate in particular is a major global problem that leads to eutrophication and poses a threat to both aquatic ecosystems and human health. To address this issue, this work assessed the efficiency of polymeric cryogel (PC) and biopolymer (EPS)-blended composites (EPS@PC) in removing nitrates. Tests were also conducted to quantify the decrease in phosphate, chloride ions, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in real water samples taken from the Ankara stream, which receives effluents from both urban (UWTP) and industrial (IWTP) wastewater treatment plants. Five different columns with varying adsorptive properties were prepared, some of which were combined with iron. The EPS-@PC-C5 column demonstrated the highest adsorption ratio for nitrate removal compared to the other tested columns. The EPS@PC-C5 achieved a high removal efficiency of 126.38 mg nitrate/g and showed COD reduction ranging from 60.2 to 94.1%. The removal ratio of chloride concentration varied between 56.0 and 75.7%, while the removal of phosphates ranged from 87 to 99%. Columns composed of EPS (EPS@PC) with both negatively and positively charged ligands are dependable and suitable options for water remediation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10924-024-03335-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Investigation of Nanocomposite Polymer Flooding at Reservoir Conditions: New Insights into Enhanced Oil Recovery","authors":"Khalaf G. Salem,&nbsp;Adel M. Salem,&nbsp;Mahmoud A. Tantawy,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Gawish,&nbsp;Sayed Gomaa,&nbsp;A. N. El-hoshoudy","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03336-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03336-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, the polymer-nanoparticle combination has garnered significant interest in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to its promising experimental results. However, the previous research was mostly directed at silica, while alumina and zirconia nanoparticles have gotten the least consideration. Unlike previous works, this study aims to investigate the influence of three NPs: Silica (SiO₂), Alumina (Al₂O₃), and Zirconia (ZrO₂) on hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). To this end, three nanocomposites were formulated: HPAM-SiO₂, HPAM-Al₂O₃, and HPAM-ZrO₂. Rheological evaluations were performed to examine the viscosity degradation of the three nanocomposites and HPAM under reservoir conditions. Furthermore, interfacial tension (IFT) at the oil–water interface and wettability studies were investigated. Moreover, sand-pack flooding was performed to examine the incremental oil recovery. The results revealed that the polymer viscosity was boosted by 110%, 45%, and 12% for HPAM-SiO₂, HPAM-Al₂O₃, and HPAM-ZrO₂ respectively under the investigation range of temperature. Moreover, the polymer viscosity was improved by 73%, 48%, and 12% for HPAM-SiO₂, HPAM-Al₂O₃, and HPAM-ZrO₂ respectively under the investigation range of salinity. Nanocomposites are also found to be a remarkable agent for reducing interfacial tension and changing the contact angle. The flooding experiments confirmed that the EOR by HPAM, HPAM-SiO₂, HPAM-Al₂O₃, and HPAM-ZrO₂, was 8.6%, 17.4%, 15.3%, and 13.6% of OOIP respectively. Moreover, the results of flooding experiments were well validated and matched by numerical simulation. Such findings of this work afford new insights into EOR and reinforce the promising outlook of such technique at the field scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10924-024-03336-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Eutectic Solvent as an Additive to Improve Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)","authors":"Xinming Zheng,&nbsp;Jundan Feng,&nbsp;Yuzheng Lu,&nbsp;Rong Li,&nbsp;Artur Cavaco-paulo,&nbsp;Jiajia Fu","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03337-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03337-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enzymatic hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for surface modification of polyester fibers has attracted considerable research attention in recent years. However, the high crystallinity of polyester fibers, combined with limited enzyme activity and stability, challenges the surface modification study of enzymes. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) can create a favorable environment for proteins and are a new generation of biodegradable solvents. Few studies have been conducted on the use of DES to enhance enzymatic degradation. Therefore, we attempted to hydrolyze PET with DES-activated enzymes to increase the hydrolysis yield and thus improve PET modification. Using betaine and choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptors and polyols as hydrogen bond donors, we investigated the effects of DES type, molar ratio, and concentration on enzymatic hydrolysis. <i>Humicola insolens</i> cutinase (HiC) was used as the biocatalyst for PET fabric hydrolysis, the role of DES as an additive in improving the yield of enzymatically hydrolyzed PET fabric was investigated. The results showed that under the conditions of an enzyme concentration of 6.5% v/v (volume of enzyme on the total volume), a temperature of 60 °C, and a reaction time of 72 h, the low concentration (20% v/v) of DES (betaine: sorbitol; 1:2 molar ratio) increased the hydrolysis yield by more than 1.5 times. Enzymatic hydrolysis in DES aqueous solution (betaine: sorbitol; 1:2 molar ratio) and DES single-component aqueous solution (betaine, sorbitol without synthesis of DES) indicated that the increase in hydrolysis yield was mainly due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between betaine and sorbitol, rather than the superposition of individual components. Further analysis revealed that HiC exhibited high relative enzyme activity and stability at low DES concentrations. Additionally, CD spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy analyses demonstrated the effective preservation of HiC structure by DES. Our work provides insights into the development of efficient and sustainable methods to enhance HiC hydrolysis of PET fabric, unlocking new opportunities and potential for the comprehensive utilization of DES in the bio-modification of PET fabric.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Physico-mechanical Evaluation of Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(butylene succinate) Blends with Enhanced Swelling-Dynamics and Hydrolytic Degradation-Kinetics Stability for Pliable Scaffold Substrates","authors":"Harshal Peshne,&nbsp;Krishna Priyadarshini Das,&nbsp;Deepika Sharma,&nbsp;Bhabani K. Satapathy","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03345-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03345-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoplastic Chitosan Plasticized with Deep Eutectic Solvent Derived from Gamma-valerolactone","authors":"Ana Clara Lancarovici Alves,&nbsp;Camila Souza Santos,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos Bender Burtoloso,&nbsp;Antonio José Felix Carvalho","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03305-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03305-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new polyol derived from gamma-valerolactone with 10 carbon chain and four hydroxyl groups was used in combination with choline chloride for the production of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) employed as plasticizer for chitosan. The polyol estimated boiling point was 340 °C and the glass transition temperature (T_g) was − 6 °C. No crystallization temperature was observed due to the non-symmetric structure of polyol and because it is a mixture of stereoisomers. A eutectic condition was detected in an interval of choline chloride(ChCl)/polyol composition from 2:1 to 1:10. It was observed that only the mixtures with higher ChCl content showed melting points, so the eutectic composition was chosen by the lowest T_g that was obtained by the 1:1 molar ratio mixture, circa − 40 °C. This ChCl/Polyol composition was used to prepare plasticized chitosan film, by hot pressing. The glycerol/choline chloride mixture was also used as DES for comparison purposes. Both DES acted as plasticizer to obtain chitosan thermoplastic films, verified by the significant T_g drop from 165 °C, for unplasticized film, to -2 °C and − 30 °C, for films plasticized with DES based on ChCl-polyol and ChCl-glycerol, respectively. The materials plasticized with ChCl-polyol, showed a decrease in modulus of about 54% and an increase of 455% in elongation compared to ChCl/Glycerol, indicating better plasticization efficiency of the polyol based DES. The use of ChCl/Polyol have opened up a new opportunity for the use of chitosan as a plastic material and the high boiling point of polyol has made it a real and highly stable plasticizer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed Electric Field Treatment for Efficient oil Extraction from Nannochloropsis salina Microalgae: A Green and Sustainable Approach","authors":"Milad Kermani,&nbsp;Abdolreza Samimi,&nbsp;Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori,&nbsp;Razieh Beigmoradi,&nbsp;Soheila Shokrollahzadeh,&nbsp;Ao Xia,&nbsp;Chihe Sun,&nbsp;Fubao Sun,&nbsp;Alireza Ashori,&nbsp;Meysam Madadi","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03347-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03347-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microalgae have emerged as a promising feedstock for biofuel production due to their ability to accumulate significant quantities of lipids. However, efficient extraction of these intracellular lipids remains a critical challenge. This study investigated pulsed electric field (PEF) and ultrasonic treatments for disrupting the robust cell walls of <i>Nannochloropsis</i> microalgae and extracting intracellular oils. A custom PEF setup with corrugated steel electrodes treated <i>Nannochloropsis salina</i> slurries under varying electric field strengths, pulse frequencies, processing times, and biomass concentrations. The Taguchi method optimized PEF parameters to maximize oil yields. Optimal PEF conditions of 20 kV/cm, 400 Hz, 30 min, and 20 g/L facilitated enhanced oil extraction by reversibly electroporating the cells. After PEF treatment, a solvent extraction process using chloroform and methanol recovered the released oils, yielding a maximum of 0.52 g_oil/g_{dry biomass} while consuming 39.6 kJ/kg of energy. Notably, PEF outperformed ultrasonic treatment, achieving higher oil yields with minimal temperature rise that could degrade cellular components. Microscopic observations confirmed oil droplet release and cell membrane permeabilization after PEF, without significant cell debris. The results showcase PEF as an efficient, non-thermal, and environmentally friendly pretreatment approach for extracting oils from robust microalgae like <i>Nannochloropsis</i>, making it viable for microalgae-based biofuel and industrial applications involving oil extraction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Soybean Oil-Based Polyol and the Effect of Non-halogenated Flame Retardants in Rigid Polyurethane Foam","authors":"Sahithi Kondaveeti,&nbsp;Pratik Patel,&nbsp;Felipe M. de Souza,&nbsp;Ram K. Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03323-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03323-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the increasing demand for sustainable biomaterials because of the excessive usage of fossil fuel and growing concerns with the environment, a novel biodegradable and environmentally friendly rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has been synthesized. These foams are derived from chemically modified soybean oil-based polyol (SBO-polyol) obtained through the formation of oxirane followed by the opening of the oxirane reaction. Polyurethane foam is generally used in construction, furniture, and automobile industries but is highly flammable and releases toxic fumes in combustion. In this study, an efficient synergistic effect of non-halogen flame-retardant (FR) melamine salt, 2-carboxyethyl(phenyl)phosphinic acid melamine salt (CMA) was synthesized from 2-carboxyethyl(phenyl)phosphinic acid (CEPP) and melamine (MA). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy characterized the chemical structure of CMA. Three different FRs, MA, melamine cyanurate (MC), and CMA were separately introduced in increasing quantities for the foam preparation to suppress the flame during combustion. The influence of these FRs on the thermal properties, flame retardancy, morphology, physical, and mechanical properties of the prepared RPUFs was studied through closed cell content, apparent density, compression test, horizontal burning test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of 28.56 wt% of MA (MA-15), MC (MC-15), and CMA (CMA-15) presented a burning time of 10.1 s with weight loss of 5.34% and 28.4 s with 13.02% and 15.25 s with 8%, respectively. The findings demonstrated that all three FRs gave RPUF good FR properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Novel Polyvinyl Alcohol-Alginate Beads for Quorum Quenching Application in Membrane Bioreactors","authors":"Ermias Mideksa,&nbsp;Johanne Teychene,&nbsp;Valerie Sartor,&nbsp;Catherine Claparols,&nbsp;Christelle Guigui,&nbsp;Audrey Tourrette","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03304-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03304-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Detailed preparation and characterization of new PVA-Alginate beads for Quorum Quenching application.</p><p>Supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) drying proved a reliable bead drying technique.</p><p>Beads’ pore structure was modified by changing the composition of the crosslinking solution.</p><p>Beads with finger-like pores show superior AHL incorporation capacity compared to other bead types.</p>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}