Journal of Polymers and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Bacterial Nanocellulose Produced as a By-product of the Brewing Industry and Used as an Adsorbent for Synthetic Solutions of Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) AND Fe(III)","authors":"Gabriela Martins de Paiva, Fernanda Palladino, Edson Romano Nucci, Alan Rodrigues Teixeira Machado, Carlos Augusto Rosa, Igor José Boggione Santos","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03389-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03389-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An economically and environmentally viable alternative for treating waste from iron ore production in Brazil is the use of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) as an adsorbent for the metals present in the waste composition, due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. However, to reduce production costs, it is necessary to study alternative substrates, such as waste from the brewing industry, which are nutritionally rich and, therefore, excellent candidates for substrate for bacteria that produce bacterial nanocellulose. Therefore, the present work aims to statically produce BNC using waste from the brewing industry and use BNC as an adsorbent for treating waste from the mining industry. It was possible to obtain approximately 1532 mg of bacterial nanocellulose through the batch system using the hydrolyzate of residual brewing yeast at pH 7 and 5 days of incubation. When used as an adsorbent, the material obtained a maximum adsorption capacity for the metals Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Fe (III) of, respectively, 0.0739, 0.2504, 0.3945 and 0.02841 mg·g⁻¹. For the same metals, the removal rate of the synthetic solutions studied was, respectively, 62.56, 39.13, 61.64 and 24.42%. For the analysis of isotherms, the Freundlich model proved to be the most effective for describing the system. Regarding the adsorption kinetics, it was more effective in the Elovich model. This data shows that nanocellulose produced by bacteria and using agro-industrial subproducts becomes a good alternative for remediation processes in a sustainable way.</p>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quince Seed Mucilage Mediated Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: Analysis of Its Anti-prostate Cancer and Antioxidant Properties","authors":"Jia Zhang, Tianjun Xing, Attalla F. El-kott, Ali G. Alkhathami, Abdullah A. Alamri","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03399-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03399-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, we have devised a green protocol for the biogenicmadeAu NPs mediated over natural and biological macromolecules derived from Quince <i>(Cydoniaoblonga)</i> seed mucilage (QSM). The intrinsic phytomolecules were utilized as effective reducing agent for the gold ions under ultrasonic conditions. They also enabled the Au NPs to stabilize inherently by capping or encapsulation. The structure of the Au NPs/QSM bio-nanocomposite was analyzed using a range of physicochemical techniques, such as elemental mapping, TEM, FE-SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, EDS, and ICP. In medicinal therapeutics sector on human health the cancer treatment assumes an important segment. Furthermore, the material’s biological activity was assessed by examining its antioxidant and cytotoxic characteristics against cell lines of prostate carcinoma. DPPH radical scavenging experiments were used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Au NPs/QSM, and the resulting IC₅₀ was determined to be 138.1 µg/mL.IC₅₀index of the Au NPs/QSM against PC3, NCI-H660, and LNCaP cell lines were evaluated as 253, 271 and 195 µg/mL, respectively. Au NPs/QSM was found to cause a dose-dependent reduction in the viability of a malignant prostate cell line. The antioxidant properties of recent nanoparticles appear to be the cause of their anti-human prostate carcinoma activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of Kaolin Loaded Chitosan Hybrid Nanofibers for Recovery of Precious Palladium Cations from Aqueous Solution","authors":"Yaqing Liu, Yixin Cui, Huibiao Meng, Ke Long, Linjun Shao, Guiying Xing","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03395-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03395-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Palladium plays an important role in modern industry, agriculture and medicine. The direct discharge of palladium results in serious environmental pollution and loses of precious palladium metal. Herein, kaolin/chitosan hybrid nanofibers were successfully prepared to recover Pd²⁺ cations from aqueous solution. Chitosan and kaolin mixture was first electrospun into nanofibers with citric acid as the in situ crosslinking agent and poly(ethylene oxide) as the co-spinning polymer. Then, the chitosan molecules in these hybrid nanofibers were in situ crosslinked by critic acid at elevated temperatures to endow these nanofibers with excellent solvent resistance. Their structure characterization was conducted by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PLAS). The adsorption performances of these fibrous adsorbents were carefully investigated and optimized (e.g. kaolin content, temperature, pH of solution and initial Pd²⁺ concentration). The adsorption results demonstrated that incorporation of kaolin powders into the nanofibers could enhance the adsorption capacity from 31 mg/g to 64 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters studies revealed the endothermic and spontaneous natures of the adsorption process of Pd²⁺ cations on these hybrid nanofibers. The Pd²⁺ adsorption behavior of this fibrous adsorbent fitted well with the second-order kinetic model, suggesting the chemical adsorption behavior of Pd²⁺ cations on this fibrous adsorbent. Moreover, this fibrous adsorbent can be easily regenerated and reused at least three times without significant loss of initial adsorption capacities. These results clearly indicate that this fibrous chitosan/kaolin hybrid absorbent holds great potential in the recovery of precious palladium cations from aqueous solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Stearic Acid Modified Sulfated Alginate and Investigation of the Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cell Line","authors":"Birnur Akkaya, Serkan Kapancık, Recep Akkaya, Nurgül Sarıaydın","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03400-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03400-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breast cancer is the type of cancer that causes death in the first place among women in 2022, with a rate of 6.9%. According to the data of the World Health Organization in 2024, 665,684 women died due to breast cancer in 2022. Cancer metastasis is the main reason why people die from cancer. Since changes in proliferation-related gene expression and protein levels that occur as a result of mutations that cause metastasis make cancerous cells more proliferatively aggressive, treatment opportunities remain limited. Sulfatide has the potential to be a p-selectin inhibitor, as it is a p-selectin-binding molecule that has an antimetastatic effect. Sulfatide mimicking material has previously been studied by sulfonation and acylation of chitosan. It was evaluated as an anticancer drug carrier because it did not have cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. In this study, a sulfatide-like molecule was obtained using alginate and it was found to have a cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. The compound that is newly synthesized in the presented article is an alternative to the group of sulfatide-like compounds that we have previously studied, which are thought to have an antimetastatic effect. The molecular disruption of the apoptosis mechanism in cancerous tissues leads to the resistance of cancerous cells to apoptosis, which in turn promotes cancer progression. For this reason, cancer studies focus on cell death, that is, apoptosis, as well as on cell proliferation. This study is the first to combine the simultaneous sulfation and acylation of alginate with the addition of magnetism, despite previous research on the sulfation, acylation, and alkylation of alginate (M-SA-SULF-A) and analysed it by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy, a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and a mastersizer. Then we aim to examine the effect of newly modified magnetic stearic acid on apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by looking at the expressions of apoptosis-and metastatasis related genes through an array kit, and to reveal the molecular pathways that cause modified alginate’s anti-cancer activity. Thus, we determined that magnetic stearic acid modified sulfated alginate may be an anti-cancer agent by regulating the expression of genes associated with apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Use of Polysorbate-Type Nonionic Surfactants as Plasticizers for Highly Flexible Poly(lactide) Formulations","authors":"J. J. Gazquez-Navarro, D. Garcia-Sanoguera, R. Balart, D. Garcia-Garcia, J. Gomez-Caturla","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03396-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03396-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polysorbates are non-ionic amphiphilic organic compounds, widely used as surfactants. They have a molecular weight in the 1200–1400 g mol⁻¹ range, so they are on the borderline between monomeric and polymeric plasticizers. Therefore, they can potentially provide the benefits of both plasticizer types. In this work, polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate (Tween^® 20), and polyethylene glycol monooleate (Tween^® 80) are proposed as environmentally friendly plasticizers for PLA with enhanced ductile properties. The addition of 20 wt% of polysorbates into a PLA matrix, leads to a noticeable increase in elongation at break, from 4.0% (neat PLA) up to values around 180%. The plasticization efficiency was assessed by the decrease in the glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_<i>g</i>), from 61.0 ºC (neat PLA) down to such los values of 29.5 ºC, and 36.6 ºC, for plasticized PLA formulations with 30 wt% Tween^® 20, and 30 wt% Tween^® 80, respectively. Moreover, due to the high molecular weight of polysorbates, they are not highly volatile, which allows processing PLA by conventional extrusion and injection molding without plasticizer volatilization. This works widens the industrial applications of polysorbates, as cost-effective, highly efficient and environmentally friendly plasticizers for PLA with enhanced toughness.</p>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Zirconium Phosphate/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Composite Hydrogel for Cu2+ Removal","authors":"Xue-Li Liu, Zhi-Peng Xie, Chun-Feng Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03387-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03387-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite hydrogels were prepared through graft copolymerization by the easily scaling-up method. The α-ZrP/CMC hydrogels were characterized through FI-IR, SEM (EDS-SEM), XRD, TGA, BET, swelling and zeta potential measurements. The adsorption of Cu²⁺ by α-ZrP/CMC hydrogels in aqueous solutions was also studied. The results show that α-ZrP/CMC hydrogels have great adsorption capacity for Cu²⁺. The analysis results indicated that the adsorption mechanisms of α-ZrP/CMC hydrogel on Cu²⁺ are mainly through the electrostatic interaction. The adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir model (R² = 0.9953) and Quasi-second order kinetic model (R² = 1). Under the experimental conditions explored, the optimal amount of α-ZrP and the DS of CMC are chosen as 0.5 wt% and 1.2, and the adsorption capacity of ZrP-0.5%-CMC-1.2 hydrogel for Cu²⁺ is 121.21 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamics studies were also conducted to investigate the adsorption mechanism. Therefore, α-ZrP/CMC hydrogels present excellent adsorption efficiency, shows the potential application in future treatment of Cu²⁺ wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zwitterion Adsorbent of Crosslinked Chitosan-Benzil/Algae/Coal Fly Ash for Anionic (Remazol Brilliant Blue R) and Cationic (Thionine) Dyes Removal: Box–Behnken Design Optimization","authors":"Ruihong Wu, Ali H. Jawad, Elmira Kashi, Salis Auwal Musa, Zeid A. ALOthman","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03388-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03388-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, a zwitterion adsorbent which consists of crosslinked chitosan-benzil/algae/coal fly ash (CS-BZ/Alg/FA) was developed for the removal of two structurally different anionic dye (remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR)) and a cationic dye (thionine (THN)). The physicochemical characteristics of CS-BZ/Alg/FA were investigated by several analytical techniques including specific surface area, XRD, FTIR, FESEM and EDX analyses. Moreover, response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design (RSM–BBD) was adopted as a statistical tool to optimize the adsorption operational parameters for THN and RBBR dyes removal. Thus, the optimal adsorption conditions were determined as follows: CS-BZ/Alg/FA dose of 0.1 g/100 mL, solution pH 10 for THN, and solution pH 4 for RBBR. Adsorption equilibrium isotherm data for RBBR and THN dyes by CS-BZ/Alg/FA were well described by Freundlich (multilayer adsorption) and Langmuir (monolayer adsorption) isotherm models respectively. Thus, the maximum adsorption capacities of CS-BZ/Alg/FA towards THN and RBBR were found to be 69.0 mg/g and 259.9 mg/g, respectively at 25 °C. Moreover, the pseudo second order model accurately represents the kinetic data for the adsorption of both THN and RBBR dyes. The adsorption thermodynamic functions indicate the adsorption process of THN and RBBR was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Ultimately, this research presents the CS-BZ/Alg/FA as an eco-friendly amphoteric adsorbent with preferable capability for capturing anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained Ampicillin Loading and Releasing Ability of Novel In-Situ Ca2+ Functionalized Ternary GO/PVP/CMC Nanocomposite Hydrogel","authors":"Almas Ishaque, Avadhesh Kumar, Mehtab Parveen, Nursabah Sarikavakli, Shahab A. A. Nami","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03371-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03371-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel pH sensitive antibiotic carrier hydrogel was synthesized having sustained drug releasing capabilities. The in-situ polymerization of Graphene oxide (GO), Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) of varying stoichiometry having Ca²⁺ as a linker yielded ternary nanocomposite hydrogels GO/PVP/CMC-II and GO/PVP/CMC-III. The physicochemical, structural, morphological and swelling properties of the binary nanocomposite GO/PVP and ternary nanocomposite hydrogels, GO/PVP/CMC were investigated using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA and DTA. FTIR and XRD confirm successive formation of ternary hydrogels. The hydrogels swelling studies at various pH levels viz. 4.5, 7 and 9.2, show that the swelling ability can be proportionally correlated with CMC concentration. To ensure the efficacy of this innovative hydrogel drug release application, an in vitro Ampicillin loading and release efficiency experiment at pH 7.2 (close to blood pH 7.3–7.5) was performed. Ternary hydrogels GO/PVP/CMC-II and GO/PVP/CMC-III exhibited sustained drug loading and release kinetics (72 h).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulose-Based Aerogels for Sustainable Dye Removal: Advances and Prospects","authors":"Alireza Ashori, Elahe Chiani, Soheila Shokrollahzadeh, Meysam Madadi, Fubao Sun, Xueming Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03394-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03394-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dye pollution in wastewater is a persistent environmental challenge, with synthetic dyes posing significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This review article examines the potential of cellulose-based aerogels as a sustainable solution for removing dyes from wastewater. Cellulose aerogels, owing to their high porosity, large surface area, and tailorable surface chemistry, have emerged as promising adsorbent materials for dye remediation. The review outlines the sources and classification of dyes, highlighting their environmental and health implications. It then provides a comprehensive overview of various dye removal methodologies, critically analyzing their advantages and limitations and underscoring the need for effective and sustainable treatment technologies. The preparation of cellulose aerogels, including natural, regenerated, and cellulose derivative variants, is discussed, along with surface modification strategies to enhance their dye adsorption capabilities. Detailed characterization techniques and the assessment of dye removal performance are also covered. The review concludes by synthesizing the key findings and outlining recommendations for future research, such as developing innovative cellulose aerogel formulations, conducting life-cycle assessments, and fostering collaborative efforts to accelerate the adoption of these technologies in wastewater treatment applications. This review aims to contribute to the advancement of sustainable and efficient dye removal solutions using cellulose-based aerogels.</p>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folate Receptor-Targeted Camptothecin-Loaded PLGA-Glutenin Nanoparticles for Effective Breast cancer Treatment","authors":"Raja Rajeswari Rajeshkumar, Theivendren Panneerselvam, Parasuraman Pavadai, Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian, Alagarsamy Santhana Krishna Kumar, Murugesan Sankaranarayan, Shanmugampillai Jeyarajaguru Kabilan, Selvaraj Kunjiappan","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03391-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03391-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The combination of natural and synthetic polymers for nanomedicine development had many advantages, including less toxicity, biocompatibility, prolonged circulation, higher stability, and ease of surface modification. Here, a novel folic acid-conjugated Camptothecin-loaded-poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid-glutenin nanoparticles (FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs) was fabricated to treat breast cancer. FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs target breast cancer cells via upregulated folate receptors and delivered their toxic payloads without disrupting healthy cells. First, CPT-loaded PLGA NPs were created using a modified emulsification/evaporation technique. Second, Glu-based CPT-PLGA NPs were synthesized using a layer-by-layer assembly, and their physiochemical properties were validated. CPT encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity into PLGA-Glu NPs were 74.95 ± 1.34% and 4.78 ± 1.08%, respectively. CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs exhibited sustained and controlled release of loaded-CPT from NPs, and the highest content was released in an acidic environment (pH 5.3), which will be advantageous for cancer treatment. Later, FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs were synthesized by simple conjugation chemistry. The fabricated FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs were around 100 nm in size, with a spherical form and crystalline nature. FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs show strong cytotoxicity activity, and its IC₅₀ value was 16.33 µg × mL^− 1 against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). This folate-receptor-targeted NPs are more effectively internalized into MCF-7 cells, causing ROS generation, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis. The activity of caspase-3 and − 9 causes MCF-7 cells apoptosis by internalized CPT. Further, internalized CPT induces potential loss of mitochondrial transmembrane and damages the nuclear integrity of the cancer cells. These results showed that the FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs target upregulated folate receptors on the surface of MCF-7 cells.</p><p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}