Journal of Polymers and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable Upcycling of Waste Banknotes into High-Performance Cellulose Acetate: Properties, Characterization and Environmental Implications","authors":"Amin Kalantari,&nbsp;Mehdi Jonoobi,&nbsp;Alireza Ashori,&nbsp;Payam Moradpour","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03434-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03434-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the feasibility of recycling waste banknotes into cellulose acetate (CA), aiming to provide a sustainable solution for managing this challenging waste stream. The research goals were to successfully convert banknote cellulose into CA and compare its properties with commercial cellulose acetate (CCA). Methodologies employed include acetylation of waste banknote cellulose, followed by comprehensive characterization using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and rheological measurements. Additionally, the study assessed the degree of substitution, polymerization, heavy metal content, tensile strength, moisture absorption, and thermal stability of the produced CA. Key findings demonstrate successful acetylation of banknote cellulose, confirmed by FTIR analysis. The laboratory-produced cellulose acetate (LCA) exhibited comparable tensile strength (2.02 MPa) and porosity (10.3%) to CCA. Notably, LCA showed significantly lower elongation (32% vs. 37% for CCA) and reduced moisture absorption, indicating superior ductility and dimensional stability. Thermal analysis revealed typical CA decomposition behavior, with onset around 300 °C. Rheological studies showed favorable non-Newtonian, shear-thinning behavior, suggesting good processability. These results demonstrate that waste banknotes can be effectively converted into CA with properties comparable or superior to commercial products, offering a promising avenue for value-added recycling of this waste stream and contributing to circular economy principles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"400 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive Wound Dressing of Bacterial Cellulose/Collagen Hydrolysate Loaded with Plant Extract: Preparation, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties","authors":"Naima Omar Adan,&nbsp;Nuttapol Tanadchangsaeng,&nbsp;Sawanya Laohaprapanon","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03402-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03402-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to modify bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by <i>Komagataeibacter nataicola</i> TISTR 975 with collagen hydrolysate (CH) and <i>Quercus infectoria</i> gall (QI) via an <i>ex-situ</i> method to develop a bioactive wound dressing. Initially, QI gall was extracted in ethanol, and the crude extract showed a high total phenolic content (TPC) of 778.7 ± 76.2 mg GAE/g. After loading CH and QI onto the BC film, the morphology, FTIR spectra, mechanical properties, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility of the prepared films were systematically evaluated. SEM images revealed that all prepared films were porous with multiple layers, and FTIR results confirmed the successful incorporation of CH and QI into the BC film. The TPC on the films ranged from 149.7 to 563.1 mg GAE/g, depending on the QI loading concentration. The tensile strength of the BC/CH/QI films was higher, while Young’s modulus and % elongation at break were comparable to the BC. The swelling ratio of the composite films was increased to nearly doubled, which can be attributed to the high-water absorption capacity of CH. Moreover, disk agar tests revealed that adding QI in the BC film significantly inhibited the growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Hemolysis assay results supported that the BC/CH/QI films were biocompatible. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that the BC/CH/QI films are considered as a bioactive material and has the great potential for biomedical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"374 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Chitosan/Polyvinylpyrrolidone functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Novel pH-Sensitive Nanocarrier for Levofloxacin Drug Delivery: In-Vitro Release Properties and Release Kinetics","authors":"Somayeh Mirzaali,&nbsp;Elham Moniri,&nbsp;Amir Heydarinasab,&nbsp;Nazanin Farhadyar","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03423-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03423-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, a novel pH-sensitive nanocarrier was prepared by grafting chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone (CS/PVP) on the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Levofloxacin (LVX), an anti-bacterial model drug, was loaded onto the resulting nanocomposite. The as-prepared nanocomposite was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The adsorption procedure was investigated under different sorption conditions, such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial drug concentration, contact time, and temperature. The experimental data were analyzed using both non-linear and linear forms of kinetic and isotherm models. Based on the sum of squares errors and coefficient of determination values, the non-linear forms of the pseudo-2nd-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the experimental data. Adsorption thermodynamic showed an exothermic and spontaneous nature of the drug sorption on the surface of the nanoadsorbent. In-vitro drug release tests were studied in simulated gastric fluid (SGF; pH = 1.2) and intestinal fluid (SIF; pH = 7.4) at 37 °C. The pH-sensitive nanocarrier indicated sustained drug release over 36 h. Nearly 99.76% of the drug was released in simulated intestinal fluid at pH = 7.4 in 36 h and 22.72% was released in simulated gastric fluid at pH = 1.2 in 30 min. The drug release profiles were well-fitted by the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model, and the release mechanism of the nanocarrier was related to non-Fickian transport. Furthermore, the antimicrobial efficacy of the fabricated nanomaterials was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the nanoparticles were subsequently quantified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"385 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10924-024-03423-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, 3D Printing, and Characterization of Biobased Antibacterial Scaffolds Using Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil-co-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate","authors":"Mohamed A. El-Tayeb,&nbsp;Turki M. Dawoud,&nbsp;Khalid S. Almaary,&nbsp;Fuad Ameen,&nbsp;Hossein Ali Khonakdar","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03426-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03426-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a significant demand in the biomedical field for shape memory polymers (SMPs) with adjustable biodegradation rates, desirable transition temperatures, and viscoelastic characteristics, as they are essential for implantable medical devices and tissue engineering applications. This research presents the successful development of antibacterial bioscaffolds using a copolymer of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (AESO-co-HEMA) for biomedical applications through digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. The 3D-printed samples were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, thermal behavior, shape memory effects, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. Rheological analysis indicated that the viscosity of the AESO-HEMA inks ranged from 0.23 to 0.41 Pa·s, suitable for DLP 3D printing. Characterization analysis confirmed successful copolymerization, with high gel content (87.4-92.5%) and glass transition temperatures (T_g) between 33.2 °C and 51.3 °C, suitable for biological environments. Mechanical testing indicated that the tensile strength of the scaffolds ranged between 16.3 and 21.1 MPa, with elongation at break between 12.2% and 18.8%. The shape memory behavior was excellent, with a recovery ratio (R_r) exceeding 98%. Antibacterial tests demonstrated significant activity for the curcumin-loaded sample against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Moreover, drug release studies showed a sustained release of curcumin over 10 days. In-vitro biodegradation studies revealed a mass loss of approximately 8.5% over 8 weeks. Furthermore, cell viability assays confirmed high biocompatibility, with L929 fibroblast cells showing significant proliferation and viability on the scaffolds. These findings suggest that AESO-co-HEMA bioscaffolds are promising for various biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and implantable devices, due to their mechanical robustness, biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and shape memory effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"358 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Erythritol Sebacate)","authors":"Bruno Godinho,&nbsp;Diana Smarandache,&nbsp;Cătălina Ionescu,&nbsp;Nicoleta Cioateră,&nbsp;Artur Ferreira,&nbsp;Nuno Gama","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03431-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03431-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Erythritol is a sweetener polyol widely distributed in nature. Its industrial production is based on biotechnological fermentative processes using yeasts. It is used essentially in nutrition and pharmaceutical fields. However, due to its still high price, the use of erythritol is not widespread and is lower than that of other polyols. The use of erythritol for polymer synthesis remains largely unexplored by the scientific community. This work describes the synthesis and characterization of polyester, poly (erythritol sebacate) (PES), obtained by thermal polycondensation of erythritol and sebacic acid in a two steps approach. A prepolymerization step was realized at different temperatures (150 °C, 160 °C and 170 °C, respectively) followed by a cure step at 150 °C. It was found that using a higher temperature allows the same degree of polymerization (50%) to be achieved in a shorter period, but this leads to prepolymers with a more heterogeneous oligomeric composition. This is reflected in the final properties of the polymers after curing. Synthesis at 150 °C produced a polymer with superior mechanical performance (ultimate tensile strength: 0.5 MPa; Young’s modulus: 0.44 MPa: elongation at break: 123%) and higher chemical resistance to solvents than polymers synthesized at 160 °C and 170 °C. The glass transition temperature (T_<i>g</i>) is between − 20 and 0 °C for all polymers and density is 1.08 g/cm³. Based on these results, we believe that PES is a good elastomer with tunable properties and potential for selective absorption of molecules, such as ethanol, that could be useful for beverage industry and biotechnological applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"341 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10924-024-03431-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Highly Antioxidative and Antibacterial Grafted Microcrystalline Cellulose","authors":"Jingxue Yang,&nbsp;Xue Li,&nbsp;Chaojie Li,&nbsp;Long Wang,&nbsp;Zi`ang Xia,&nbsp;Baoming Xu,&nbsp;Heng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03420-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03420-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cellulose is a versatile material that can be modified to possess stable and long-lasting antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Herein, we synthesized CELL-GA graft copolymers by grafting gallic acid (GA), a natural antibacterial agent, onto microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) using an indirect esterification method. The grafting rate achieved was 26.8 mg/g. The products were characterized at various stages using FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopic methods to validate the synthesis mechanism of CELL-GA. The antioxidant activity of the products was evaluated by measuring the scavenging rate of various free radicals and the reduction rate of Fe³⁺. It was observed that the antioxidant activity of CELL-GA increased with the higher GA grafting rate. The antibacterial capacity of CELL-GA was found to increase with its concentration through the plate counting method. The antibacterial mechanism of CELL-GA was explored by assessing ATPase activity and the extent of damage to the cell membrane. Our findings indicate that CELL-GA is a cellulose-based antibacterial material synthesized with natural antibacterial agents and MCC, is safe and non-toxic. It exhibits good biocompatibility, stable antioxidant properties, and antibacterial effects, expanding the potential applications of cellulose and offering a novel approach to creating natural biomass-based antibacterial materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"323 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring Aerogel-Like Surface Characteristics of Bacterial Cellulose by Electron Beam Irradiation-Induced Decomposition","authors":"Hung Ngoc Phan,&nbsp;Kazushi Yamada,&nbsp;Satoko Okubayashi","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03373-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03373-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a sustainable material renowned for its three-dimensional nanofibrous structure, offering diverse applications in medical, textile, leather, and other industries. However, developing effective modification technologies for BC has presented contemporary challenges regarding sustainability and efficiency, both in academia and industry, with electron beam irradiation (EBI) emerging as a promising, fast, scalable, and sustainable solution. This study focuses on leveraging EBI-induced decomposition on hydrated BC nanofibrous networks to generate an aerogel-like surface morphology post-dehydration, offering a chemical-free modification method. Investigating the effects of EBI across various absorbed doses (0, 10, 50, and 100 kGy) on BC properties aims to lay the groundwork for employing EBI in BC modifications. Successful fabrication of BC with aerogel-like surface morphology at an absorbed dose of 50 kGy resulted in fascinating findings in terms of applications, including decreased tensile strength (7.7 ± 1.3 MPa), increased bending modulus (6062.7 ± 1574.8 MPa), partially reduced thermal stability (primary peak at approximately 320 ± 4 °C and a new secondary peak at approximately 238 ± 5 °C), slightly decreased crystalline index (79.3 ± 1.0%), decreased moisture regain (5.6 ± 0.9%), and notably enhanced thermal insulation (reduced maximum heat flux of 0.057 ± 0.004 W/cm²). Additionally, EBI treatment induced oxidation, slightly increasing oxygen content and causing a yellowing effect on BC while preserving most functional groups and the hydrophilicity of BC. The adoption of EBI provides a premise for future studies and applications in BC functionalization, utilizing advanced and sustainable technology for mass production and sustainable applications of BC-based products.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"285 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Vitrimers: A Detailed Study on the Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Bio-Vitrimers","authors":"Venkata Rao Madduluri,&nbsp;Anjaneyulu Bendi,&nbsp; Chinmay,&nbsp;Gaanty Pragas Maniam,&nbsp;Rasidi Roslan,&nbsp;Mohd Hasbi Ab Rahim","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03416-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03416-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, thermoset polymers stand out as notable composites, but the surge in global thermoplastic production has raised concerns due to the non-recyclability of these composites, leading to an increase in landfill waste. In response to these challenges, researchers are investigating innovative approaches to enhance thermosetting materials, focusing on the modification of crosslinking agents responsible for forming a covalently bonded network. Vitrimers offer a promising solution by enabling re-processability while maintaining favourable thermo mechanical properties and solvent resistance. Although many current vitrimers use synthetic polymeric molecules from fossil-based sources, there is a growing interest in bio-based vitrimers. While still in early development, these bio-based alternatives leverage biomass for creating durable polymers, aligning with the goal of establishing a circular economy. This review has been designed to highlight the use of covalently modified networks to produce advanced synthetic and bio-based vitrimer composites with diverse applications, contributing to the development of sustainable materials for the next generation through the use of recyclable resources and renewable feedstocks in polymer network synthesis. This review also explores vitrimers, examining their unique characteristics and addressing current limitations hindering their widespread adoption as recyclable materials with superior performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"301 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Fully Bio-based, Higly Efficient Polymeric Adsorbent Via UV Curing for Removal of Cationic Dyes","authors":"Elif Cerrahoğlu Kaçakgil,&nbsp;Aleyna Turanli,&nbsp;Cemil Dizman","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03428-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03428-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water contamination from organic pollutants like dyes is a major environmental issue. The current study focused on the synthesis and use of a novel polymeric adsorbent from fully bio-based raw materials. UV curing, an eco-friendly synthesis process, was applied to achieve it. The polymer was then analyzed utilizing various techniques. The dye adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was measured by methyl violet removal, a dangerous organic water pollutant. The study also tested how temperature, pH, initial methyl violet concentrations, and contact time affect MV adsorptive clearance. The study examined kinetics using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle-diffusion models in which the pseudo-second-order model is the best mechanism. This adsorbent was tested for methyl violet dye removal. The maximum adsorption capacity was observed at 200 mg/L starting concentration, 298 K to 328 K temperature range, 30 min contact time (t), and 3 g/L adsorbent concentration. The comparable adsorption capacities were 58.82 mg/g, 60.97 mg/g, 61.34 mg/g, and 62.89 mg/g at 298 K, 308 K, 318 K, and 328 K, respectively. After examining several isotherm models, the Freundlich model was chosen. This model better describes spontaneous adsorption than the Langmuir, Tempkin, and Elovich models. MV adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic, according to thermodynamic studies. The bio-based polymer’s extensive examination shows its promise for water filtering.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><img></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"253 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic LDH Coated with DOX and CUR Physically Co-loaded onto PEG for Targeted and Controlled Co-delivery of Drugs to Liver Cancer Cells","authors":"Soheyla Karimi,&nbsp;Hassan Namazi","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03430-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10924-024-03430-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, pH-sensitive and controlled drug delivery systems are urgently required in targeted cancer therapy to increase the drug efficacy and reduce the side effects of cytotoxic drugs. Hence, the present research describes the preparation of Mg-Al-Ca layered double hydroxide (LDH@Fe₃O₄) coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG)/doxorubicin (DOX)/curcumin (CUR) for targeted and controlled delivery of DOX and CUR (LDH@Fe₃O₄-PEG-DOX-CUR) to liver cancer treatment. The prepared nanocarriers were characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, BET, VSM, and Zeta potential. The in vitro release investigations of DOX and CUR from the PEG-DOX-CUR and LDH@Fe₃O₄-PEG-DOX-CUR confirmed a pH-dependent behavior. The release of drugs from these systems follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics model. In addition, the LDH@Fe₃O₄ demonstrated low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility, as confirmed by in vitro cytotoxicity and DAPI tests against L929 (non-cancerous cells) and HepG2 (human liver cancer cells) cell lines. Whereas, the PEG-DOX-CUR and LDH@Fe₃O₄-PEG-DOX-CUR showed higher cytotoxicity effects against HepG2 cells due to targeted co-delivery of DOX and CUR. Based on the findings, the developed nanocarriers have the potential to be utilized as targeted co-drug delivery systems in biomedical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"269 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}