{"title":"Effect of Al content on thermophysical properties in Fe–17Mn–0.7C twinning-induced plasticity steel","authors":"Sangbum Woo, Joong-Ki Hwang","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10866-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-025-10866-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigated the effect of Al addition in Fe–Mn–C twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel on thermophysical properties with temperature using the three TWIP steels with different Al contents. The average thermal expansion coefficient (<i>β</i>) of the TWIP steels was approximately 23 × 10<sup>−6</sup> °C<sup>−1</sup>, which is higher than those of plain carbon and austenitic stainless steels. The density (<i>ρ</i>) of TWIP steel decreased with the addition of Al content regardless of temperature due to the low density of Al compared with Fe. The thermal diffusivity (<i>α</i>) and thermal conductivity (<i>k</i>) decreased with the addition of Al content in TWIP steels because the thermal resistivity increased with the addition of alloys in metals. The solute Al atom caused the lattice distortion and increased the opportunity of electron and phonon scattering, resulting in increase in yield strength and decrease in <i>α</i> and <i>k</i>. The <i>k</i> of TWIP steels linearly increased with temperature and it was significantly low compared with that of plain carbon steels. For example, the <i>k</i> value of plain carbon steels was approximately 45 W/m °C at 100 °C, whereas that of TWIP steels was approximately 14 W/m °C at 100 °C. Meanwhile, the <i>k</i> of TWIP steels and plain carbon steels exhibited the similar value of 28 W/m °C at 1000 °C. Great care must be taken on thermal stress in products when manufacturing TWIP steel products through welding, heat treatment, hot working, etc. owing to the high <i>β</i> and low <i>k</i> in TWIP steels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 16","pages":"7032 - 7051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strong correlation between crack initiation and high cycle fatigue behavior of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy with bimodal microstructure","authors":"Xiaohui Shi, Zirui Chen, Yuqi Qiao, Zhen Jing, Junwei Qiao","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10867-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-025-10867-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crack initiation process could account for the main proportion of fatigue life. In this study, high cycle fatigue behavior of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy with bimodal microstructure was studied and its correlation with crack initiation was investigated. The results show that fatigue crack mainly initiated at subsurface or interior of the tested specimens. Fatigue life generally increases with increasing crack initiation site-specimen surface distance under same/similar stress level. The maximum stress level shows big influence on the locations of crack initiation sites. Higher maximum stress could lead the crack initiation site to an inner position within fatigue specimen, which can be attributed to the strengthening of necking effect. Based on analyses, the influence of maximum stress on the probability of different crack initiation modes was summarized. By comparing the calculation results, the fatigue specimens with interior crack initiation mode have obviously higher threshold stress intensity factor range than other modes, which indicates higher resistance to fatigue crack propagation. Besides, it was found that the fracture surface morphology of fatigue specimens contains three features, including initiation facet, propagation facet, and rough surface with tear ridges. Initiation facets occur most possibly due to the fracture of α<sub>p</sub> grain and are always along (0001) plane as well as the biggest shear stress plane.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 16","pages":"7052 - 7065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lapenna, A. Tsamos, F. Faglioni, R. Fioresi, F. Zanchetta, G. Bruno
{"title":"Vision GNN (ViG) architecture for a fine-tuned segmentation of a complex Al–Si metal matrix composite XCT volume","authors":"M. Lapenna, A. Tsamos, F. Faglioni, R. Fioresi, F. Zanchetta, G. Bruno","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10834-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-025-10834-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we implement a vision graph neural network (ViG) architecture to segment microstructures in X-ray computed tomography 3D data. Our ViG architecture is first trained on a synthetic augmented dataset, and then fine-tuned on experimental data to obtain an improved segmentation. Successively, we assess the accuracy of the segmentation on manually-labeled experimental slices. We exemplarily use the approach on a complex microstructure: a metal matrix composite, reinforced with two ceramic phases, intermetallic inclusions and a silicon network, in order to show the generality of our method. ViG model proves to be more efficient than U-Nets in adapting to new data when fine-tuned on a small portion of the experimental data. The fine-tuned ViG shows comparable performance to U-Nets, while largely reducing the number of trainable parameters, with the potential of greater adaptability and efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 16","pages":"6907 - 6921"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10853-025-10834-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. X. Wei, H. Yan, B. Y. Liu, Z. W. Shan, Y. Z. Mao, R. S. Chen
{"title":"Fracture toughness and fracture mechanisms of a peak-aged cast Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy","authors":"J. X. Wei, H. Yan, B. Y. Liu, Z. W. Shan, Y. Z. Mao, R. S. Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10830-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-025-10830-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study addresses the fracture toughness and fracture mechanisms in a peak-aged cast Mg–6Gd–3Y–0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy using mode-I fracture toughness tests performed on precracked compact tension (CT) specimens. Pronounced stable crack extension is observed with arising <i>P</i>-<i>Δ</i> curves before rapid catastrophic failure. Some tests are interrupted within the stable extension stage, optical microscopy and electron backscattered (EBSD) analysis which are used to study the fracture mechanisms governing the crack extension behavior. Finite element analysis (FEA) is also conducted to simulate the stress–strain states experienced by the crack-tip microstructure. The results show that the crack extension process takes place in a discontinuous manner that resolves into two steps: First, grain-sized microcracks form in the basal planes of crack-tip grains; second, the microcracks coalesce with the main crack by local ductile fracture along grain boundaries and twin boundaries in between the cracks. The activity of deformation twinning is low at the crack tip. Analysis of resolved shear stress suggests that the formation of microcracks is associated with high basal slip activity poorly compensated by other deformation systems. It is argued the low fracture toughness of the current Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy lies in the material’s poor capacity of compatible deformation which requires mutual activation of slip and twinning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 16","pages":"6956 - 6970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In situ SEM study on tensile deformation behavior of forged Inconel 718 turbine disk at elevated temperatures","authors":"Lijun Sang, Junxia Lu, Wenjie Gao, Xiangcheng Sun, Yuefei Zhang, Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10828-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-025-10828-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hub and web of turbine disk generally work below 600 °C and are prone to fatigue deformation. However, the rim typically operates at temperatures ranging from 550 to 700 °C, even occasionally exceeding 800 °C. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the tensile deformation behaviors of the rim region of Inconel 718 alloy turbine disk in the range of 650–850 °C, using an in situ high-temperature tensile stage. The results indicate that temperature has different effects on the tensile deformation behavior of alloy. The in situ observations revealed that the deformation at 650 °C was dominated by crystal slip. The microcracks mostly initiated near non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) and propagated in transgranular manner. Intergranular cracking appeared at 750 and 850 °C, but did not coalesce to form continuous intergranular cracks. Fractographic analysis demonstrated that the fracture mode was transgranular ductile fracture for the three temperatures. The voids on the fracture surface evidenced that the cracking and debonding of NMIs were the origins of most macroscopic cracks of the specimens. This study provided direct experimental evidence for revealing the deformation and damage mechanisms of the rim region of turbine disk at service temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 16","pages":"6934 - 6955"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From flexibility to functionality: N-doped Sb films on PEEK for next-gen memory devices","authors":"Xin Wang, Jianpu Zhang, Shijie Zhao, Kaidi Wang, Ruixin Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10852-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-025-10852-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a significant advancement in flexible phase change memory devices by developing nitrogen-doped antimony (Sb<sub>94.4</sub>N<sub>5.6</sub>) films on polyether ether ketone substrates via radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The Sb–N bonds, confirmed by XPS analysis, significantly enhance thermal stability with a crystallization temperature of 193 °C, surpassing conventional Sb-based materials. Systematic investigations reveal that mechanical stress from bending (up to 10,000 cycles), stretching (20% strain), and compression (7 × 10⁻<sup>4</sup> GPa) induces grain refinement, increasing crystalline resistance, while maintaining a stable resistance contrast (> 10) between amorphous and crystalline states. XRD and SEM analyses demonstrate that stress-induced lattice strain and grain boundary optimization improve structural durability without surface cracks. The Sb<sub>94.4</sub>N<sub>5.6</sub>-based device achieves reliable Set/Reset operations at 100 ns pulses in both flat and bent states, with reduced threshold voltages (1.74 V flat, 2.25 V bent) and minimal resistance drift (<i>α</i> = 0.01101). The film exhibits predictable piezoresistive behavior on human joints, proving its adaptability to dynamic deformations. These results highlight the film’s superior fatigue resistance, mechanical flexibility, and rapid switching capabilities, positioning it as a potential material for next-generation wearable electronics, electronic skins, and intelligent medical systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 16","pages":"6922 - 6933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akbar Khan, Raz Muhammad, M. Arshad Farhan, Hafiz Zahid Shafi, Fayaz Hussain, Danadan Han
{"title":"Structure, oxygen vacancy regulation and electromagnetic wave absorption of cobalt-doped La1.875Sr0.125NiO4±δ","authors":"Akbar Khan, Raz Muhammad, M. Arshad Farhan, Hafiz Zahid Shafi, Fayaz Hussain, Danadan Han","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10859-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-025-10859-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electronic devices, especially those with sensitive components and communication systems, are highly susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI). As a result, there is an increasing demand for materials capable of efficiently attenuating or shielding against microwave radiation. In this work, we have successfully demonstrated that co-doping of Sr and Co in the La<sub>2</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub> with electron-rich Cobalt atoms in smaller concentrations, balancing the electrical neutrality. Here, we present an improved electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption in La<sub>1.875</sub>Sr<sub>0.125</sub>Ni<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Co<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>4±<i>δ</i></sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20). A phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic was observed with an increase in <i>x</i>, which is due to non-stochiometric oxygen content, exhibiting long-range charge and spin ordering with antiferromagnetic arrangement. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy results showed that oxygen vacancies decreased with an increase in <i>x</i> which influenced the dielectric and magnetic properties, thereby enhancing EMW absorption. All the samples exhibited antiferromagnetic-like behavior. The sample with <i>x</i> = 0.1 showed ~ 97% of EMW absorption in the X-band, indicating potential for EMI shielding applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 16","pages":"6877 - 6887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study on the high-temperature air oxidation and liquid sodium corrosion behaviors of 316H steel at 700 ℃","authors":"Yiheng Wu, Yannan Yang, Jian Deng, Tiantian Pan, Ling Li, Zhao Shen, Xiaoqiang Liu, Yiqing Wang, Xujia Wang, Xiaoqin Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10855-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-025-10855-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the high-temperature air oxidation and liquid sodium corrosion of 316H steel at 700 ℃. The surface and cross-sectional morphology and microstructure of the specimens after the high-temperature testing were examined by multiple characterization techniques. When exposed to high-temperature air, the steel forms a duplex oxide scale with an outer layer dominated by Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and an inner layer rich in (Fe, Cr)-spinel. Over time, the oxide scale becomes more continuous and compact, improving oxidation resistance without peeling or cracks even after 1500 h. Sodium corrosion results in a dense oxide scale, with a slight increase in thickness near grain boundaries, forming a Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/NaCrO<sub>2</sub> layer that protects the matrix but leads to a Cr-depletion zone, reducing long-term sodium corrosion resistance. The low Cr and high C content in the steel prevent the formation of σ phase but lead to the precipitation of Cr-rich carbides, potentially compromising long-term corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 16","pages":"6971 - 6986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Angelin Delighta, J. S. Raj Kumar, I. V. Binola K Jebalin, D. Nirmal
{"title":"Nanosheet transistors: materials, devices, systems and applications","authors":"A. Angelin Delighta, J. S. Raj Kumar, I. V. Binola K Jebalin, D. Nirmal","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10827-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-025-10827-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The continuous evolution of field-effect transistor (FET) technologies is essential to address the increasing demand for energy-efficient and high-performance electronics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of advanced low-power FETs, focusing on semiconductor materials, architectures, fabrication techniques and applications. Emerging materials such as 2D semiconductors, IGZO (indium gallium zinc oxide), TMDs (transition metal dichalcogenides) and III–V compounds play a pivotal role in enabling innovative FET topologies like FinFETs, stacked nanosheet FETs (NSFETs), vertical NSFETs, TreeFETs and complementary FETs. These materials, with superior properties such as high-mobility channels, improved scalability and energy efficiency, are critical in overcoming the challenges posed by conventional CMOS technology node scaling. In particular, NSFETs are anticipated to substitute the state-of-the-art nanowire FET and FinFET devices due to their ability to provide better electrostatic control and tunable channel widths. This transition is expected to reshape the semiconductor technology in the years ahead. A critical aspect of integrating these architectures lies in the advanced fabrication steps such as epitaxial growth techniques, spacer-based lithography and high-k metal gate (HKMG) integration that enables precise control over device dimensions and enhancing performance. These innovations facilitate the integration of advanced architectures for diverse applications including logic circuits, memory devices including SRAM, MRAM, sensing technologies and RF applications. By incorporating these material innovations with architectural advancements, this study highlights their combined potential to address current progress and challenges, driving the future of low-power FETs and shaping sustainable high-performing modern electronics.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 16","pages":"6769 - 6806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamie Ombogo, Eduardo Vitral, Amir Zahiri, Lei Cao
{"title":"The nucleation and migration of ({10bar{1}1}) twins in hcp materials","authors":"Jamie Ombogo, Eduardo Vitral, Amir Zahiri, Lei Cao","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10844-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-025-10844-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>({10bar{1}1})</span> twins are known to play a pivotal role in the deformation and fracture of hcp materials under <i>c</i>-axis compression. In this paper, the nucleation and migration of <span>({10bar{1}1})</span> twins are investigated through the integration of atomistic simulations and theoretical calculations. The atomistic simulations reveal extensive nucleation of <span>({10bar{1}1})</span> twins, occurring either directly at the free surface or via a bcc intermediate state in bulk. The theoretical calculations identify the surface-nucleation as the low-shear mode with conjugate twinning plane <span>(K_2={10bar{1}3})</span>. In contrast, the bulk-nucleation is determined as the high-shear mode with irrational twinning shear and <span>(K_2)</span> plane. Our analyses pinpoint that their fundamental distinction lies in whether the twinning shear encompasses an <span>(langle a rangle)</span> component along the common zone axis. During subsequent twin growth, the high-shear mode activates sequential <span>(b_2)</span> dislocations, while the low-shear mode involves concurrent activation of two stacked <span>(b_2)</span> dislocations, collectively forming a <span>(b_4)</span> dislocation. This paper provides valuable insights into the critical distinctions and the complex interplay between the two <span>({10bar{1}1})</span> modes in hcp materials.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 15","pages":"6715 - 6734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}