{"title":"Ag-modified S-scheme Bi2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunction for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin","authors":"Guangling Zuo, Hongyong Ye, Jia Du, Xin Ding","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-12808-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-12808-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A ternary Ag/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (Ag/BO/CN) photocatalyst was fabricated through a combined solvothermal and photochemical reduction approach for the degradation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP). Upon illumination with simulated sunlight, the optimized Ag/BO/CN composite efficiently degraded CIP, resulting in near-complete (98.14%) removal within 100 min. This remarkable property is attributed to a synergetic interaction between the Ag surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and the S-scheme heterojunction (between BO and CN). In-situ XPS analysis and work function (<i>Φ</i>) calculations confirmed the S-scheme charge migration pathway. In this scheme, an internal electric field (IEF) prompts the reunification of less-reactive charge carriers, thereby selectively retaining the highly reductive electrons (e<sup>−</sup>) in the conduction band (CB) of CN and the strongly oxidative holes (h<sup>+</sup>) in the valence band (VB) of BO. Quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy identified superoxide radicals (·O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) as the primary reactive intermediates. Moreover, the catalyst shows considerable promise for practical deployment, as evidenced by its excellent stability over four consecutive cycles and sustained degradation performance across various real water systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 23","pages":"16540 - 16558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liuyang Wang, Bo Zhao, Huijun Zhang, Haiwei Yang, Hailei Zhang, Yonggang Wu, Hongchi Zhao, Libin Bai
{"title":"Review: structure–interface engineering and stimuli-responsive mass transport in halloysite nanotubes nanocontainers","authors":"Liuyang Wang, Bo Zhao, Huijun Zhang, Haiwei Yang, Hailei Zhang, Yonggang Wu, Hongchi Zhao, Libin Bai","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-12777-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-12777-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), naturally occurring aluminosilicate nanotubes characterized by intrinsic hollow architectures and asymmetric inner–outer surface chemistry, have emerged as promising nanocontainer platforms for controlled molecular transport and delivery. This review provides a systematic analysis of the structural foundations and interfacial engineering strategies that enable HNTs to function as programmable nanocarriers in advanced materials systems. Particular attention is devoted to the multiscale structural characteristics of HNTs, surface modification approaches, and pore regulation strategies that govern loading capacity and transport pathways. Recent advances in stimuli-responsive systems are critically discussed, including pH-, temperature-, light-, and redox-responsive release mechanisms, together with their associated kinetic models describing confined mass transport. Through interfacial functionalization and the construction of polymeric or molecular gating structures, passive diffusion processes can be transformed into signal-regulated release behaviors with tunable kinetics. These mechanisms underpin the broad applicability of HNTs-based nanocontainers in diverse fields such as biomedicine, food packaging, agriculture, and corrosion protection. Finally, current challenges and emerging opportunities are highlighted, including improved structural controllability, quantitative understanding of nanoscale transport mechanisms, scalable functionalization strategies, and long-term biosafety evaluation. Advancing these aspects will be essential for translating HNTs-based nanocontainer systems from laboratory studies toward practical materials engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 22","pages":"15415 - 15444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of tungsten particle shot peening on microstructure and fatigue properties of 55CrSi spring steel","authors":"Fengyi Liu, Xianqiang Cao, Jilong Ren, Peng Qi, Ertuan Zhao, Yisheng Feng","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-12772-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-12772-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, 55CrSi spring steel was subjected to shot peening (SP) and the combination of conventional shot peening and tungsten particle shot peening (SP + TPSP). The deformation layer was characterized in terms of surface topography, microstructure, residual stress, and austenite transformation, and a three-point bending fatigue test was conducted. The results showed that compared with SP, the sample treated with SP + TPSP showed the maximum compressive residual stress (CRS), with a value of − 1015 MPa at a depth of 100 μm below the surface. Meanwhile, the surface hardness increased to 794 HV. Both the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) and the average roughness of regional morphology (Sa) of the surface were significantly reduced. Moreover, SP + TPSP obtained deeper deformation layer and higher dislocation density and induced the transformation of retained austenite to martensite, forming crystallographic texture. Compared with SP, the fatigue performance was about 5.7 × 10<sup>4</sup> cycles, which was increased by 90%. Furthermore, SEM and EBSD were conducted to analyze the microstructure, and the synergistic effect of subsurface microstructure change and surface integrity on fatigue performance was discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 22","pages":"16054 - 16069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Kojo Kweitsu, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Ahmed Y. Algendy, X.-Grant Chen, Jocelyn Veilleux, Nicolas Bombardier
{"title":"Superplastic deformation and microstructural evolution of an Al–Mg–Mn 5xxx alloy for high-speed blow forming applications","authors":"Eric Kojo Kweitsu, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Ahmed Y. Algendy, X.-Grant Chen, Jocelyn Veilleux, Nicolas Bombardier","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-12693-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-12693-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of an Al–Mg–Mn 5xxx alloy under conditions relevant to high-speed blow forming (HSBF). The alloy was tested between 450 and 520 °C at strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 1 s<sup>−1</sup>, following a short-time annealing treatment that produced a fine, fully recrystallized grain structure (4.5–5.6 μm). Mechanical testing revealed a pronounced dependence of elongation and flow stress on both temperature and strain rate, with maximum ductility observed at 500 °C. At this temperature, grain-boundary sliding (GBS) dominated deformation at low strain rates, whereas solute-drag creep (SDC) constrained ductility at 450 °C and diffusion-controlled grain growth reduced formability at 520 °C. Notably, significant grain refinement was observed after deformation at 1 s<sup>−1</sup>, indicating active continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). Furthermore, Mn-containing dispersoids enhanced grain-boundary pinning and promoted CDRX, thereby maintaining microstructural stability during high-strain-rate deformation. Overall, these findings provide a practical and cost-effective pathway for tailoring microstructure to enable stable high-strain-rate formability in Al–Mg–Mn alloys, supporting the development of materials suitable for future HSBF applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 22","pages":"16033 - 16053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First-principles study on the effect of alloying elements on structural stability and mechanical properties of Sanicro 25 austenitic heat-resistant steel","authors":"Shengli Gong, Shuying Liu, Xuefeng Lu, Xingchang Tang, Xin Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-12773-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-12773-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To develop high-performance Ni-saving Sanicro 25 austenitic heat-resistant steel, the micro-scale control mechanisms governing thermodynamic stability, electronic structure, and mechanical properties of the system are systematically investigated using first-principles calculations, based on the previously optimized Ni-saving reference system Fe<sub>8</sub>Cr<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>Mn. The results show that the formation energies and binding energies of all doped systems are negative. Gibbs free energy analysis further confirms that Cu, Nb, and Co can stably exist in the matrix. Among these results, the Fe<sub>7</sub>Cr<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>MnCo system with 6.25 wt% Co exhibits the highest thermodynamic stability at elevated temperatures. Electronic property analysis reveals that the charge accumulation around atoms is most pronounced at a Co content of 6.25 wt%, corresponding to optimal electrochemical stability and bonding strength. Mechanical property calculations indicate that Nb doping leads to a peak in ductility for the Fe<sub>6</sub>Cr<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>MnNb<sub>2</sub> system, while the Young’s modulus of the Fe<sub>7</sub>Cr<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>MnCo system reaches 393.17 GPa, achieving a synergistic enhancement in both strength and ductility. In a nutshell, Co acts as an ideal doping element for optimizing the Ni-alloying in Sanicro 25 steel, as it simultaneously enhances the thermodynamic stability, electronic structure, and mechanical properties of the system. This study thus provides crucial theoretical support for designing high-performance, Ni-saving austenitic heat-resistant steels.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 22","pages":"16070 - 16091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of antifouling superwetting materials for long-term demulsification processing","authors":"Zehao Chen, Zhaoxia Hu, Quanxian Hua, Yuanyang Yan, Jihao Zuo","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-12721-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-12721-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The huge amount of oily wastewater generated by modern industry poses a significant threat to both human life and ecosystems, in which the oil–water mixture in the emulsified state is the most difficult to treat. In this review, starting from the stabilization mechanism of emulsion, commonly used superwetting surface modification techniques in the field of oil–water separation were summarized from the perspective of material preparation. Subsequently, the demulsification strengthening methods for superwetting materials in current research were sorted, and advantages and shortcomings of these techniques were analyzed from the mechanism of demulsification. Finally, to address the most critical contamination issues in industrial applications, the principles of contamination generation were discussed in detail, including reversible “oil blocking” and irreversible “oil adhesion”. Recent research on anti-fouling modification techniques and long-term demulsification processes was introduced. Targeted selection of demulsification driving mechanism and synergistic utilization of multiple antifouling strategies for material modification are expected to yield superior and long-term demulsification performance. In the future, the demand and complexity of oily wastewater treatment will further increase, and the long-term superwetting emulsion separation technology has great application prospects. This review article will provide inspiration for researchers related to this field to solve more complex emulsion processing problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 22","pages":"15357 - 15387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the preparation and properties of ionic liquid-functionalized graphene-modified epoxy resin composites","authors":"Yiru Kong, Bing Liang, Jiapeng Long","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-12792-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-12792-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, [ASiIM]Cl ionic liquid was successfully prepared from 1–3 aminopropylimidazole and 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane. The dispersion system of [ASiIM]Cl ionic liquid and graphene in EP was studied. Ionic liquid-functionalized graphene IL@G was successfully prepared by an ultrasonic method. The structure and morphology of IL@G were characterized by FTIR, XPS, XRD, SEM, EDS and Raman spectroscopy, which proved that [ASiIM]Cl ionic liquid-modified graphene IL@G had been successfully prepared. IL@G was added to EP to study its effect on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites. The results showed that the tensile strength and impact strength of IL@G-modified EP composites were 13.7% and 143.7% higher than those of pure EP when the addition amount of IL@G was 3 wt.%. When the addition amount of IL@G was 5 wt.%, the thermal conductivity of IL@G-modified EP composites was 36.6% higher than that of pure EP materials. The good dispersion and compatibility of graphene IL@G modified by ionic liquid [ASiIM]Cl in EP matrix not only brought excellent mechanical properties to EP but also made EP have good thermal conductivity. This method provides a new idea for the application of epoxy resin composites in the field of high-performance materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 22","pages":"15706 - 15725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Feng, Jun Sun, Ruonan Xu, Wenchao Zhang, Baicen Liu, Dong Yue, Yuanhang Yao
{"title":"Polyetherimide composite dielectrics enhance energy storage performance by oriented one-dimensional BZCT@BT@S core–shell fillers","authors":"Yu Feng, Jun Sun, Ruonan Xu, Wenchao Zhang, Baicen Liu, Dong Yue, Yuanhang Yao","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-12746-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-12746-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The advancement of dielectric capacitors toward achieving high-energy storage density requires polymer-based dielectric materials with both high breakdown strength (<i>E</i><sub>b</sub>) and high dielectric constant (<i>ε</i><sub>r</sub>). However, the inherent trade-off between <i>E</i><sub>b</sub> and <i>ε</i><sub>r</sub> limits further enhancement of energy storage density. In this study, a design approach involving inorganic fillers with gradient dielectric matching is proposed for a double core–shell structure. Barium calcium zirconate titanate (BZCT) nanofibers are utilized as fillers within a double core–shell structure (BT + SiO<sub>2</sub>), embedded into a polyetherimide (PEI) matrix through electrostatic spinning with an oriented arrangement. This results in the fabrication of BZCT nanofibers PEI-based composite dielectrics with parallel double core–shell structure, demonstrating exceptional energy storage performance. Specifically, the composite dielectric (0.5%-10% BZCT@BT@S/PEI) achieves a charge/discharge efficiency (<i>η</i>) of 93.29% and a discharge energy density (<i>U</i><sub>e</sub>) of 6.97 J/cm<sup>3</sup> with BT and BZCT contents of 0.5% and 10%, respectively. The results show that BZCT enhances the <i>ε</i><sub>r</sub> of the composite dielectric, while the double core–shell structure of BT + SiO₂ leads to a gradient change in <i>ε</i><sub>r</sub>. This strategy not only can reduce the electric field(<i>E</i>) distortion caused by the dielectric mismatch between the PEI matrix and BZCT, but also the double core–shell structure shows a relatively significant synergistic effect, successfully increasing the <i>E</i><sub>b</sub> of the composite dielectric, with simulation results supporting the design rationale behind the double core–shell structure. This investigation introduces an insight for designing energy storage composite dielectrics.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 22","pages":"15926 - 15939"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphology, surface properties, and specific capacitance relationship in W18O49 nanourchins via concentration-controlled synthesis for high-performance pseudocapacitors","authors":"Aslı Dörtler Kesici, Cem Kahruman","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-12765-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-12765-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the relationship between the morphology, porosity, and specific surface area in W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>49</sub> nanourchins and their effects on the specific capacitance. For this purpose, W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>49</sub> nanourchins were synthesized using tungsten hexachloride (WCl<sub>6</sub>) and ethanol by controlling precursor concentration and nucleation process. These nanourchins were grown directly on carbon felt substrates through solvothermal synthesis to test them as working electrodes for pseudocapacitors. The structural characterizations of the samples were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Electrochemical studies were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> at a three-electrode setup with an Ag/AgCl, a Pt wire, and a synthesized working electrode. According to the results, the sample with 0.0168 molL<sup>−1</sup> (intermediate concentration) exhibited a superior specific capacitance of 605.6 Fg<sup>−1</sup> at 1 mVs<sup>−1</sup> and a lower solution resistance of 1.78 Ω compared to the others. Besides, this sample with a specific surface area of 91.79 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> provided a 26.17% increase in specific capacitance over the sample with 101.02 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup>. It was clear that the concentration of the precursor influenced the sample morphology and specific surface area, as it played a crucial role in determining the nucleation. In turn, morphological structure governs the effective range of pore size distribution. This phenomenon has made porosity a more dominant factor than specific surface area in enhancing the specific capacitance of W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>49</sub> nanourchins.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 22","pages":"15961 - 15983"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10853-026-12765-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amey Parnaik, Manish Verma, Kishor Kaushal Kumar, Kai Chen, A. H. V. Pavan, R. L. Narayan
{"title":"Rejuvenating the creep life of modified 9Cr–1Mo steel using a short-term heat treatment","authors":"Amey Parnaik, Manish Verma, Kishor Kaushal Kumar, Kai Chen, A. H. V. Pavan, R. L. Narayan","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-12714-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-12714-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modified 9Cr–1Mo (P91) steel components that are used in thermal power plants undergo creep degradation during long-term service at 600 °C. This study examines the effect of a short-term rejuvenation treatment (RT), involving normalizing at 1050 °C for 2 h followed by tempering at 750 °C for 2 h, on the creep life enhancement of partially crept P91 steel at 600 °C and 135 MPa. The creep response of rejuvenated P91 steel is compared with its as-received counterpart, which is creep-tested until rupture. Results reveal that the short-term RT erases the creep history in partially crept P91 steel and enhances creep life by approximately 4 times compared to its as-received counterpart. Microstructural analysis reveals that creep leads to lath coarsening, deviates the orientation relationship (OR) between laths and prior austenite grain (PAG) from the ideal Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) OR, Oswald ripening of M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> precipitates, and a reduction in dislocation density, <i>ρ</i>. RT on the partially crept P91 leads to a complete microstructure reversal, wherein the microstructural features match well with the uncrept as-received sample subjected to the same treatment. Microstructural evolution during creep, involving the competition between dislocation climb-assisted lath coarsening and lath boundary pinning by M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> precipitate, is discussed and numerically estimated from the continuum damage model (CDM). Correlations are established between the initial lath width, lath coarsening kinetics, steady-state lath width, and creep rate. Implications of these results on extending the life of P91 components and the effectiveness of RT compared to similar rejuvenation treatments on other high-temperature alloys are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 21","pages":"15147 - 15171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147751128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}