{"title":"High-Titanium Steel: A Comprehensive Review of Research Progress","authors":"Longxiao Huang, Penghui Yang, Hanguang Fu","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10366-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-024-10366-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Substantial in situ TiC precipitation in high-titanium steel can significantly enhance its wear resistance. This improvement is attributed to the high hardness, low density, large precipitation volume, and stable chemical properties of TiC, which has attracted increasing attention. This paper firstly summarizes the recent research progress on the solute redistribution model, kinetics, and thermodynamic calculations of TiC precipitation, as well as the relevant experimental research on high-titanium steel prepared by the melting cast method. It provides a detailed analysis of the microstructure, mechanical properties including hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and impact toughness, and other properties of high-titanium steel, highlighting the influencing factors. Additionally, the wear resistance and wear mechanisms of high-titanium steel with different Ti content under different wear conditions are compared, including two-body wear, three-body wear, lubrication wear, and impact wear. At last, the future potential research directions for high-titanium steel are proposed, aiming to provide support for further development and application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 3","pages":"1795 - 1811"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niclas Hanisch, Erik Saborowski, Thomas Lindner, Bianca Preuß, Serge Tchinou, Kristian Börner, Thomas Lampke
{"title":"Enhanced Wear Resistance of Gas Nitrided AISI 431 HVOF Coatings at Elevated Temperatures","authors":"Niclas Hanisch, Erik Saborowski, Thomas Lindner, Bianca Preuß, Serge Tchinou, Kristian Börner, Thomas Lampke","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10501-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-024-10501-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stainless-steel feedstocks achieve increasing importance as sustainable and cost-efficient alternative regarding thermal spraying. However, the wear resistance is often insufficient for demanding applications. Therefore, an additional surface hardening step by thermochemical processes, in particular by gas nitriding, is promising for enhancing surface functionality. The characteristic porosity of thermally sprayed coatings facilitates deep nitrogen diffusion increasing hardness and wear resistance, due to the formation of precipitates. Because nitrides are thermally stable, applications at elevated temperatures are enabled. The process combination was examined for the ferritic stainless-steel AISI 431 applied on mild steel by high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF), followed by subsequent gas nitriding. The influence of the thermochemical treatment with respect to a variation in the nitriding potential has been determined in terms of microstructure, phase formation, hardness distribution as well as reciprocating wear resistance at room and elevated temperature. The increase in hardness over 900 HV0.01 and wear resistance with wear rates consistently lower than 1.3 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup> Nm<sup>−1</sup> can be attributed to the successful enrichment of nitrogen and the formation of mainly Fe<sub>4</sub>N precipitates at the coating’s surface. Even at 350 °C, the nitride surface layer provides better wear protection compared to the as-sprayed condition.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 5","pages":"4116 - 4124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11665-024-10501-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tailoring Li4Ti5O12 Performance in Li-Ion Batteries with a Focus on Rate Capability: Recent Advances on Ion Doping, Morphology Control, and Composite Formation","authors":"Najme Edalat Shirvan, Nafiseh Hassanzadeh, Hamid Omidvar, Amirreza Shahbazian, Parisa Vahdatkhah, Mehran Javanbakht","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10439-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-024-10439-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To meet the increasing demand for high-performance Li-ion batteries, numerous kinds of anode materials have been recommended to substitute the current industrial carbon materials. Among them, Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> stands out for its high safety, low-strain property, long cycle life, and eco-friendliness. However, Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> suffers from low electronic/ionic conductivities restricting its high-rate performance and consequently hindering its commercial application, especially in electric vehicles with a fast charging demand. For alleviating these obstacles, several tailoring strategies could be used including ion doping, morphology control, composite formation, or their combinations. In this review, we have summarized the latest progress using the above approaches to improve the electrochemical performance of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> anodes, with a focus on rate capability. The literatures reporting the superior rate performance for Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>-based batteries were summarized from various aspects including the optimum preparation conditions, morphological/structural findings, and the main electrochemical features. Finally, the research gaps and the future perspective are proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 7","pages":"5448 - 5476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danuta Szeliga, Jakub Foryś, Natalia Jażdżewska, Jan Kusiak, Rafał Nadolski, Piotr Oprocha, Maciej Pietrzyk, Paweł Potorski, Paweł Przybyłowicz
{"title":"Inverse Problem in the Stochastic Approach to Modeling of Phase Transformations in Steels during Cooling after Hot Forming","authors":"Danuta Szeliga, Jakub Foryś, Natalia Jażdżewska, Jan Kusiak, Rafał Nadolski, Piotr Oprocha, Maciej Pietrzyk, Paweł Potorski, Paweł Przybyłowicz","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10458-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-024-10458-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The motivation for this research was the need for a reliable prediction of the distribution of microstructural parameters in steels during thermomechanical processing. The stochastic model describing the evolution of dislocation populations and grain size, which considers the random phenomena occurring during the hot forming of metallic alloys, was extended by including phase transformations during cooling. Accounting for a stochastic character of the nucleation of the new phase is the main feature of the model. Steel was selected as an example of the metallic alloy and equations describing the nucleation probability were proposed for ferrite, pearlite and bainite. The accuracy and reliability of the model depends on the correctness of the determination of the coefficients corresponding to the specific material. In the present paper these coefficients were identified using the inverse analysis for the experimental data. Experiments composed constant cooling rate tests for cooling rates in the range 0.1-20 °C/s. The inverse approach to a nonlinear model is ill-conditioned and must be transferred into an optimization problem, which requires formulating the appropriate objective function. Since the model is stochastic, it was a crucial, yet demanding task. The objective function based on a metric of the distance between measured and calculated histograms was proposed to achieve this goal. The original stochastic approach to identifying the phase transformation model for steels was tested, and an appropriate optimization strategy was proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"33 24","pages":"13787 - 13802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11665-024-10458-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. M. Ahsen Ilyas, Qingyun Xiong, Jiarong Hu, Botai Li, Deyi Li, Chengzhong Wang, Jinping Xiong, Mohammad Tabish, Khalid M. Alotaibi, Ghulam Yasin
{"title":"Chemical-Free Method for Recovery of Lead from Spent Lead Paste by Reductive Sulfation Technique from By-product Utilization","authors":"H. M. Ahsen Ilyas, Qingyun Xiong, Jiarong Hu, Botai Li, Deyi Li, Chengzhong Wang, Jinping Xiong, Mohammad Tabish, Khalid M. Alotaibi, Ghulam Yasin","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10479-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-024-10479-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poisonous wastes, including lead slag, mattes, acidic sludge, particulates, and emissions of airborne gases, are primary industrial wastes related to the lead-acid battery industry. Herein, the phase conversion technique for PbO<sub>2</sub>/PbSO<sub>4</sub> components and impurity contents of spent lead paste were studied. The reductive sulfur fixation technique was employed for the extraction of pure lead product from spent lead paste and immobilizing sulfur, which was relatively improved as compared to the release of sulfur oxides and lead particulates when traditional recycling techniques were used. Furthermore, a bench-scale experiment was carried out for the revival of chemical reagents and removal of impurities from the spent lead paste to understand the reliability and efficiency of this novel method from the perspective of a chemical-free process. The results reveal that the products were achieved in three distinct layers, i.e., impurities-free P-paste, sulfated residue (PbSO<sub>4</sub>), desulfurized residue (PbCO<sub>3</sub>) and the final product (α-PbO). In this work, the recovery efficiency of spent lead-acid batteries is higher than 99.9%. Moreover, the metal impurities such as Fe, Sb, Zn, Cu, and Mg were efficiently removed, and 99.89/99.999/99.94% of the reduction/sulfation/carbonization efficiency were achieved. This chemical-free research paves novel and appropriate extraction of lead for engineering and industrial sectors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 5","pages":"3991 - 4003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinchen Nan, Hongyun Zhao, Bin-Bin Jia, Chengyue Ma, Guangda Sun, Li Zhou, Rui Wang, Xiaoguo Song
{"title":"The Effect of Rotational Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al/Ti Dissimilar Joint Produced by Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding","authors":"Xinchen Nan, Hongyun Zhao, Bin-Bin Jia, Chengyue Ma, Guangda Sun, Li Zhou, Rui Wang, Xiaoguo Song","doi":"10.1007/s11665-023-08545-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-023-08545-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Ti dissimilar refill friction stir spot welding joints at different rotational speeds were studied. The grain size of each zone of the joint increases with increasing rotational speed. An interfacial layer with thickness less than 50 nm was formed at the interface. Combined with the numerical simulation results, the multiple effects of thermal and mechanical action on microstructure are explained. The microhardness of the aluminum alloy joint presents a ‘W’ shape distribution. The tensile strength increases firstly and then decreases with the increase in rotational speed. The joint strength of 6353 N is the highest at 1300 rpm. The sleeve stir zone fracture occurs at the interface, and the fracture mode is brittle fracture. The pin stir zone fracture occurs at the aluminum alloy, and the fracture mode is ductile mixed fracture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 3","pages":"1812 - 1824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Defects and Shot Peening on Fatigue Properties of Additively Manufactured CoCrFeNiTiMo-Based High-Entropy Alloys","authors":"Miu Hayashi, Naoki Kurita, Tadatoshi Watanabe, Kenichi Yamamoto, Yuki Ogawa, Hiroyuki Akebono, Atsushi Sugeta","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10371-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-024-10371-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, the automotive industry has increasingly focused on additive manufacturing as a new technology for reducing the weights of automobiles. In this study, fatigue tests were conducted on additively manufactured high-entropy alloys with different defect characteristics to clarify the relationships between their defect characteristics and fatigue strengths and to elucidate their fatigue fracture mechanisms. In addition, the effect of shot peening as an effective fatigue strength improvement method for an additively manufactured component was investigated. As a result, when defects formed by additive manufacturing were smaller than crystal grains, the numbers and sizes of defects affect fatigue crack growth behavior and barely affect fatigue life. Shot peening reduces the crack growth rate and is effective in extending the fatigue life. However, improvement in the fatigue limit is not achieved because the crack initiation site is a facet. From the above results, for defects smaller than the grain size, shot peening is a more effective method for improving fatigue life than reducing the numbers and sizes of defects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"33 24","pages":"13916 - 13923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11665-024-10371-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elvis M. Gonya, Mamookho E. Makhatha, Charles W. Siyasiya, Ndumiso M. Silubane, Ngeleshi M. Kibambe
{"title":"Investigating Optimum Hot Working Window of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Using Modified Dynamic Material Modeling","authors":"Elvis M. Gonya, Mamookho E. Makhatha, Charles W. Siyasiya, Ndumiso M. Silubane, Ngeleshi M. Kibambe","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10099-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-024-10099-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper uses a modified dynamic material modeling (MDMM) suggested by Murty and Rao to develop processing maps (PM) of 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSS). Gleeble 1500D, a thermo-mechanical simulator was used to conduct single hit compression tests at a temperature between 850 and 1050 °C and strain rates of 0.001-5 s<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally hot compression tests at a strain rate of 15 s<sup>−1</sup> and same temperature range were also conducted on a Bahr 805 dilatometer. As per general procedure acquired stress-strain data were corrected for friction and adiabatic heating, before constructing PMs at true strains of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8. Microstructures to validate the PM were prepared from safe domains and instability regimes belonging to PM of 0.8 true strain. Results showed that hot processing at intermediate to high strain rates and temperature leads to formation of flow instabilities such as mechanical twins and adiabatic shear bands. Safe domain located within the temperature range of (850-925) °C, strain rates of (2.6-15) s<sup>−1</sup> and peak η = 35% gave an inhomogeneous microstructure with presumably non-uniform mechanical properties. This region was considered ideal for hot processing of 2205 DSS provided that deformation conditions are carefully controlled to optimise DRX. Low Z conditions also provided an optimum hot working for hot processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"33 24","pages":"13897 - 13915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11665-024-10099-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing Cold Metal Transfer-Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Parameters for Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of ER5356 Aluminum Alloy Using Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Nagarajan Manikandan, Mathivanan Arumugam","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10403-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-024-10403-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With significant benefits in resource consumption and production efficiency, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has become a critical method in manufacturing metal components. The goal of this research is to maximize bead width (BW) and bead height (BH) by optimizing the welding parameters current, voltage, and traverse speed in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) cold metal transfer (CMT) process utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Initially, ANNs were employed to predict bead geometry, demonstrating high predictive accuracy with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values of 0.964 for BW and 0.9713 for BH. Employing Design Expert 13 software, predictive models were developed, revealing the relationships between these parameters and bead characteristics. Optimal parameters were identified as a current of 135 A, voltage of 16 V, and traverse speed of 40 cm/min, achieving a bead width of 5.8 mm and bead height of 3.65 mm. Microstructural analyses via x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) highlighted significant variations, with distinct crystallographic orientations and micro-cracks observed across different sections of the Al5356 material. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) further illustrated grain structure and orientation variations. Mechanical properties tests demonstrated that the bottom section exhibited the highest ultimate tensile stress (UTS) at 294.11 MPa and yield strength (YS) at 190.38 MPa. In contrast, the middle section had the highest hardness value at 74 HV. This research underscores the importance of optimizing WAAM parameters to enhance mechanical properties and microstructural integrity, providing valuable insights for future applications in additive manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 6","pages":"4853 - 4872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiliang Zhang, Yangjie Zuo, Zongwei Hu, Yingshan Xu, Xiaopeng Liu
{"title":"Advances and Challenges in Interference-Fit Technology for Enhancing the Mechanical Performance of Joints","authors":"Qiliang Zhang, Yangjie Zuo, Zongwei Hu, Yingshan Xu, Xiaopeng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10418-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-024-10418-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In industries such as aerospace, defense, and automotive, mechanical joining methods are widely adopted. However, the stress concentration effects have diminished the fatigue performance of these connections. Interference fit has emerged as a method proven to effectively enhance the fatigue resistance of such joints, yet traditional theoretical frameworks have not fully elucidated the mechanisms behind its fatigue strengthening, hindering the advancement and application of this technology. This article meticulously assesses and synthesizes key research findings and applications of interference fit from the past 15 years, delving into its classifications, installation processes, and their impacts on the mechanical performance of joints, followed by an in-depth analysis of its fatigue strengthening mechanisms and the limitations of current theories. Furthermore, the article explores hybrid reinforcement techniques that combine interference fit with other methods, offering an advanced strategy for joint reinforcement. Finally, several key challenges are identified for further exploration. The aim of this review is to lay the groundwork for future research, deepen the understanding of interference-fit technology, and promote the design of more robust and reliable mechanical joints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 5","pages":"3585 - 3607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}