Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Tungsten on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Novel NiMnCrMoWx High-Entropy Alloys Developed by Mechanical Alloying","authors":"Naveen Kumar Mindi, Syed Nasimul Alam, Krishna Dutta","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10107-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-10107-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>NiMnCrMoW_<i>x</i> (<i>x</i> = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 atomic fraction) high-entropy alloys are synthesized by mechanical alloying and conventional sintering techniques. Both alloy powders and the sintered pellets are characterized for microstructural, chemical, and mechanical properties. The phase analysis by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of 70 h milled powder confirmed the dual phase of BCC as a major phase and FCC as a minor phase. Scanning electron microscopy is used for microstructural study of the milled powders and sintered pellets. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis of milled powders confirmed that these are thermally stable below 1000 °C. The XRD of annealed powders didn’t show new phases below 1000 °C, whereas 1000 °C annealed powders showed the presence of <i>σ</i>-phase; the XRD of the sintered pellets confirmed different volume fractions of <i>σ</i>-phase, MoNi₃, and MnNi phase. Results of Vickers hardness and wear studies indicated that the alloy containing 0.6 atomic fraction of tungsten possessed a maximum hardness of 644 HV₅ and maximum wear resistance. This might be attributed to the maximum extent of the <i>σ</i>-phase, MoNi₃, and MnNi phases in the W_0.6 alloy.</p>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigation on the Effects of Process Parameters on the Pre-Holed Self-Piercing Riveted Joint Quality","authors":"Chao Wang, Aiguo Cheng, Wangzhen Li, Youping Sun, Guojian Luo","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10091-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-10091-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although the self-piercing riveting (SPR) process is widely used in the automotive industry, it faces challenges in achieving mechanical interlock when joining high-strength steel. In this paper, the pre-holed self-piercing riveting (PH-SPR) process is adopted to join high-strength steel to aluminum alloy. This paper aims to investigate SPR joinability and select suitable rivets and dies for different steel–aluminum combinations. A 2D axisymmetric numerical model is developed using LS-DYNA commercial software to simulate the PH-SPR process with varying process parameters (e.g., rivet hardness, geometric dimensions of rivet and die, hole size, and material and thickness of sheet). The accuracy of the FE model is verified by comparing the forming quality parameters between the experimental test and the simulation result. The results show that (i) the rivet with strength of 0.9 GPa is suitable for the bottom sheet with yield stress of 89 MPa, and the rivet with strength of 1.34 GPa is appropriate for the bottom sheet with yield stress greater than 165 MPa. (ii) The increasing rivet diameter, rivet length, and hole size can improve forming quality, and the decreasing die depth and top sheet thickness can enhance the undercut. (iii) The undercut of the joint with 1.2 mm top sheet increases with the increase in yield stress of the bottom sheet, while a decreasing tendency is found for the joint with 1.6 mm top sheet. (iv) The minimum rivet length required for a successful joining increases with the increase in thickness ratio, while the opposite trend is observed for maximum rivet length.</p>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Thermal–Mechanical Coupling in Laser–Metal Inert Gas Hybrid Welding Considering Grain Heterogeneity and Study of Phase Field Method during Solidification Process","authors":"Lei Feng, Chang Li, Xing Han, Fenghua Luo, Han Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10108-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-10108-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Considering the microstructure grain heterogeneity of welded material can effectively reveal the mechanism during welding and improve welding quality. In this paper, a random microcrystalline model during laser-MIG hybrid welding was established based on the Voronoi method. The grain heterogeneity coefficient was determined, and the grain types were divided by nanoindentation experiments. The material properties were randomly assigned to Voronoi cells with a certain probability by writing a Python script program to introduce the grain heterogeneity structure. A moving heat source model of laser-MIG hybrid welding was established by programming a Fortran subroutine to couple Gaussian cone heat source and double ellipsoid heat source. The influence of the angle for the MIG welding gun on the heat input to weld pool was considered in the modeling, and the double ellipsoid heat source model was modified. Finally, the dendrite growth process of pure material was established by the phase field method, and the effects of anisotropy and flow velocity on dendrite growth were considered. The calculation shows that, compared with the conventional finite element model, considering the grain heterogeneity, the temperature field and stress field during laser-MIG hybrid welding show different changes. Among them, the temperature field difference is not significant, but the stress field shows an obvious uneven distribution. The stress at the adjacent grain boundary within the model abruptly changes, and the greater the difference in mechanical properties between grains, the more significant the mutation phenomenon. The phase field results reveal that the dendrite morphology is obviously asymmetrical when considering the flow velocity during welding solidification. This study provides an effective method to reveal the micro-evolution mechanism during laser-MIG hybrid welding and provides a reliable theoretical basis for improving the quality of hybrid welding and optimizing the hybrid welding process.</p>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Overheating Treatment on Microstructure and Stress Rupture Properties of a Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy","authors":"Chuntao Ge, Lirong Liu, Peisen Lv, Guangxian Lu, Jian Zhang, Yunsong Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10082-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-10082-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The degradation of microstructure and mechanical properties caused by overheating service of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys poses a serious threat to the safe use of turbine blades. In this work, the overheating treatment was conducted for a second-generation Ni-based single-crystal superalloy in the temperature range of 1100-1260 °C for 10 min. The effects of overheating temperature on microstructure and stress rupture properties (760 °C/800 MPa and 1050 °C/190 MPa) were studied. With the increase in the overheating temperature, the primary <i>γ</i>' phase progressively evolves in shape from cuboidal to spherical and then to petal shape. Meanwhile, the rate of precipitation and growth of the secondary <i>γ</i>′ phase increases with the rising temperature. In addition, the number and depth of interfacial grooves of experimental alloy increase with decreasing cooling rate. At 760 °C/800 MPa, the stress rupture life of the alloy after overheating at 1180 °C/10 min is abnormally increased to 228 h, which is higher than that of the standard heat treatment alloy. At 1050 °C/190 MPa, the stress rupture life of the alloy descends tardily with the increase in the overheating temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electropolishing of 316L Stainless Steel Small-Diameter Tubes: Reduced Surface Roughness and Enhanced Corrosion Resistance","authors":"Kai Feng, Chaonan Liu, Yu Wang, Zhenwei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10090-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-10090-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Semiconductor, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries require highly clean and corrosion-resistant 316L stainless steel pipelines to prevent product contamination and ensure durability. This study employs an optimized electropolishing technique for small-diameter 316L stainless steel tubes, aimed at significantly reducing surface roughness and enhancing corrosion resistance to meet stringent industry standards. A comprehensive examination of the effects of electropolishing parameters—polishing time, current density, and temperature—on surface roughness and morphology was conducted. Optimal conditions were determined to be 105 seconds of polishing time, a current density of 50 A·dm^-2, and a temperature of 60 °C. Under these conditions, the tube achieves a mirror-like finish with a surface roughness of 0.063 μm. Corrosion resistance was characterized using electrochemical testing and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electropolished tube exhibits superior corrosion resistance compared to the mechanically polished tube, which is attributed to its increased thickness and chromium-rich passive film.</p>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Water-Based Hybrid Nanofluid on Tribological Performance in Minimum Quantity Lubrication Grinding of Nimonic-90 Superalloy","authors":"Pirsab Attar, Rajeshkumar Madarkar, Sudarsan Ghosh, P. Venkateswara Rao","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10117-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-10117-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the grindability and sustainability, focusing on tribological and lubrication capabilities of water-soluble hybrid nanofluid under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions during grinding of Nimonic-90. Nanofluids were prepared by adding 0.25, 0.75, and 1.25% volumetric concentrations of Al₂O₃ and GnP nanoparticles into deionized (DI) water. The thermal conductivity, contact angle, and dynamic viscosity of the nanofluids were characterized. Specific tangential forces, specific normal forces, coefficient of friction, and surface roughness were reduced by approximately 37, 25, 17, and 11%, respectively, compared to pure Al₂O₃-based nanofluid and by 29, 17, 14, and 12%, respectively, relative to pure GnP-based nanofluid. Consequently, a 0.75% concentration of water-based hybrid nanofluid emerged as the most promising cutting fluid and hence proposed as an environment-friendly and benign lubrication solution to enhance the grindability of Nimonic-90. Furthermore, it advocates the sustainable enhancement of hybrid nanofluid with 0.75% volumetric concentrations over other alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Mechanisms of High-Temperature Oxidation of Zr-1%Nb Alloy in Air and Steam by Surface Modification with Charged Particles","authors":"Mikhail Slobodyan, Konstantin Ivanov, Vasiliy Klimenov, Irina Strelkova, Vladislav Tarbokov, Sergey Pavlov, Gennady Remnev, Maxim Elkin, Vladimir Uglov","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10076-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-10076-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Zr-1%Nb alloy is widely used as a structural material for nuclear fuel assemblies of light water reactors. One of its key properties is the behavior upon a possible loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) that can be changed by the surface modification procedures. This paper presents the research results on the effects of both high-intense pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) irradiation and high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) processing on the kinetics of its oxidation at 1200 °C in air and steam, similar to the LOCA conditions. HIPIB irradiation led to more uniform reliefs on the sample surfaces but did not change their phase composition. However, both <i>a</i> and <i>c</i> lattice parameters decreased slightly with a simultaneous increase in microstrains. After HCPEB processing, the general patterns of changes in the modified surface layers were similar, but microcracks were found in some areas. In all studied cases, weight gains were greater after oxidation in air than those in steam. Nevertheless, diffusion of oxygen and the formation of scales occurred more slowly in the modified surface layers due to their distorted crystal lattices. The main reason for the variations was different physical processes that had occurred when the surfaces had been modified with charged ions and electrons.</p>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Strength and Reducing Yield Asymmetry in Extruded AZ91 Alloy through Combined Ca and Sr Additions","authors":"Ankush S. Marodkar, Vivek Kumar Sahu, Hemant Borkar","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10059-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-10059-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present work, the effects of combined Ca and Sr additions on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of hot-extruded AZ91 alloy were investigated. Moreover, a detailed characterization of the recrystallization mechanisms governing the formation of new grains and final texture in extruded base AZ91 alloy and extruded AZ91-1Ca-xSr alloys was conducted. The evolution of Al-Ca and Al-Sr precipitates and their thermal stability at 400 °C extrusion temperature is predicted by thermodynamic calculations using Thermo-Calc software. The extruded microstructure of the base AZ91 alloy reveals the presence of discontinuous dynamic recrystallized grains alongside deformed grains. In contrast, extruded AZ91-1Ca-xSr alloys exhibit fully recrystallized microstructure consisting of intermetallic Al-Ca and Al-Sr stringers elongated in the extrusion direction, forming a neckless structure of stringers. In AZ91-1Ca-xSr extrusions, Al₂Ca and Al₄Sr precipitate effectively function as sites for particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN), thereby introducing localized strain energy variations. PSN leads to the formation of nuclei with random orientations, consequently reducing the overall sharpness of the texture. Ultimately, combined addition of Ca and Sr leads to improvements in both tensile and compressive strengths, with a reduction in tension–compression yield asymmetry. The enhancement of strength of extruded AZ91-1Ca-xSr alloys is primarily attributed to precipitation strengthening and grain size reduction resulting from the addition of Ca and Sr. Compared to the existing literature on the individual addition of Ca and Sr to extruded AZ91, the combined addition of both elements demonstrates superior tensile and compressive properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Bioactive Glass Ceramic-Based Endodontic Cement: A Comprehensive Study on Bioactivity, Biocompatibility, Mechanical Properties, Radiopacity, and Antimicrobial Activity","authors":"A. Najah Saud, Erkan Koç, Olcay Özdemir, Y. Cetin, Y. Yildizhan","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10098-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-10098-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Endodontic cements play a crucial role in root canal treatment by sealing the canal and preventing reinfection. However, existing materials have limitations, including suboptimal bioactivity, handling properties, setting times, and antimicrobial efficacy. This study aimed to develop endodontic cements incorporating bismuth oxide, lanthanum oxide, and samarium oxide, and evaluate their physicochemical and biological properties according to the ISO 6876:2012(12) standard, FTIR, and SEM analyses confirmed the formation of a calcium phosphate apatite layer, indicating the bioactive potential of the cements for tissue regeneration. Rheological testing showed that cements containing glycerin (S1, S2) had improved flowability due to the viscosity-reducing properties of glycerin. Varying the water-to-powder ratios revealed that lower ratios resulted in reduced porosity and enhanced mechanical properties, with bismuth oxide being the most effective additive. Cements containing carboxymethyl cellulose (S3-S5) exhibited optimal flow values due to the dispersion-stabilizing effect of CMC. Antimicrobial evaluation demonstrated that the S2 group, with bismuth oxide, had the highest antibacterial activity (26.51 mm), followed by samarium oxide (24.19 mm) and lanthanum oxide (20.10 mm). Similar trends were observed for the S3 and S4 groups, with bismuth oxide exhibiting the greatest efficacy. Radiopacity analysis showed that all additives significantly increased the values, with bismuth oxide reaching the highest at 7.70 mm Al. Lanthanum oxide and samarium oxide also increased radiopacity to 6.21 mm Al and 7.53 mm Al, respectively. Biocompatibility assessment using human dental pulp stem cells revealed cell viability ranging from 73 to 105% after 1 day, exceeding the 70% biomedical threshold. The developed cements meet the requirements of current legislation and are considered suitable for endodontic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and Cavitation Erosion Performance of Cold-Sprayed WC-12Co and WC-17Co Coatings on Hydraulic Turbine Steels","authors":"Harvinder Singh, Manoj Kumar, Rajdeep Singh, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10097-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-10097-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydraulic turbine steels experience severe wear and tear due to cavitation erosion (CE), impacting their efficiency and lifespan. This study investigates the microstructure and cavitation erosion performance of cold-sprayed tungsten carbide (WC) coatings on hydraulic turbine steel (CA6NM). Two coatings, namely WC-12Co and WC-17Co, were cold sprayed on turbine steel (CA6NM) by using a cold spray process. Then the microstructure analysis of the deposited coatings was done using SEM and XRD. Further, the cavitation erosion performance was examined using an ultrasonic vibration tester. The results indicate that WC decarburization did not occur. The microstructured WC-Co coating exhibits the lowest porosity and dense microstructure. Additionally, it was shown that the WC-Co coating has the greatest cavitation erosion resistance and it reduces the cavitation erosion rate by about one-third when compared to bare steel. In addition, higher jet velocity, normal impingement angle, and moderate stand-off distance were determined to be the dominant cavitation erosion variables that produced the maximum cavitation erosion. Among both coatings, WC-17Co coatings possessed higher hardness and microcrack resistance compared to WC-12Co. This may be due to their higher hardness and denser microstructure of WC-17Co coating than WC-12Co coating. Thus, this study demonstrates the potential of cold-sprayed WC-based coatings for protecting hydraulic turbine steels against cavitation erosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}