Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance最新文献

{"title":"Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 625 Weldments: A Gas Tungsten Arc Welding and Laser Beam Welding Process Comparative Study","authors":"Rambabu Kinnera,&nbsp;Harinadh Vemanaboina,&nbsp;Bandari Sanjanna,&nbsp;Edison Gundabattini,&nbsp;Joanna Mystkowska,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Mystkowski","doi":"10.1007/s11665-026-15031-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-026-15031-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper gives a detailed comparison of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Laser Beam Welding (LBW) of Inconel 625 that includes both moving heat-source finite element modelling and experimental validation of the study using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and EDX analysis. At the same boundary conditions, GTAW had a greater Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), reduced cooling rates, gross dendritic microstructures, and large tensile residual stresses with a peak of 173 MPa. LBW on the other hand led to a smaller fusion zone, high solidification rate, finer columnar grains as well as less residual stresses of 131 MPa. Both methods obtained complete joint penetration where tensile residual stresses stayed within material yield limit giving structural equilibrium at a factor of safety of 2.0. Ductile fracture occurred in weld zones, and tensile strengths in the end were 808 MPa (GTAW), and 880 MPa (LBW) by mechanical testing. Such combination of modelling and experiments reveals LBW to be better in terms of finer microstructures and reduced residual stresses in Inconel 625.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"35 41","pages":"42742 - 42754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and Electrochemical Behavior of Porous Titanium Developed by Addition of Spaceholders and Gasifier","authors":"Dibyendu Dutta Majumdar,&nbsp;Dehi Pada Mondal,&nbsp;Esther T. Akinlabi,&nbsp;Amit Roychowdhury","doi":"10.1007/s11665-026-13325-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-026-13325-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study aims at the development of porous titanium using sodium chloride (NaCl) and cenosphere as spaceholders, and ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃) as a gasifier, via powder metallurgy route. The objective is to understand the individual influence of the spaceholders and gasifier on the microstructural characteristics, corrosion resistance, and bio-activity of the titanium foam. After processing, detailed microstructural and phase characterization was conducted. The corrosion behavior of the foam was evaluated in Hank’s solution using the potentiodynamic polarization technique. Bioactivity was assessed by immersing the titanium foam in Hank’s solution and measuring the variation of weight change over time, followed by microstructural observation and XRD analysis of the surface film. The incorporation of spaceholders and gasifier led to development of porous titanium with densities ranging from 1.75 to 2.0 g/cm³; the densities of titanium foams containing cenosphere and NH₄HCO₃ were the lowest and highest, respectively. Foams containing NH₄HCO₃ showed a maximum corrosion rate, whereas the same containing cenosphere showed minimum corrosion rate, though it is marginally higher than commercially pure Ti. All porous titanium samples showed an increase in bio-activity, as measured by the rate at which hydroxyapatite was deposited. Among all samples, cenosphere-added titanium showed the greatest improvement. This study emphasizes the potential of the development of customized porous titanium for biomedical uses, specifically for dental and orthopedic implants.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"35 41","pages":"42731 - 42741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permeable Additive Manufacturing Qualification Framework and Evaluation Methodology for Inconel 718","authors":"Darren C. Tinker,&nbsp;Carly J. Romnes,&nbsp;Claire E. Handley,&nbsp;Michael V. Consolo,&nbsp;Marie C. Tankard,&nbsp;Nicholas T. Beaty,&nbsp;Diana Y. Andreev,&nbsp;Alexis J. Harroun,&nbsp;Ari G. Martinez","doi":"10.1007/s11665-026-14784-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-026-14784-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Permeable additive manufacturing is immature relative to the field of additive manufacturing, resulting in unknown operating margins for end-use applications. Permeable additive structures are commonly manufactured via Laser Powder Bed Fusion through varying weld penetrations and hatch spacing. These methods produce permeable structures with unique manufacturability, mechanical properties, and flow resistances. Preliminary results of this work confirm correlations of porosity and permeability. The correlation of porosity and permeability is agnostic to the exact structural composition of the printed material, which may mask flaws beneath the surface of the build. While target permeability can be met for a given porosity, the equivalent pore volume can include large, inconsistently located voids instead of an equivalent volume of smaller, evenly spaced pores. To rephrase, select build parameters may cause internal part delamination that are only visible after metallographic cross-section examination. The delamination inherently reduces mechanical properties that are needed for end-use applications and must be avoided. The previous literature has provided quality overviews of permeable additive manufacturing and point design applications but lacks information on the full scope of manufacturing failure mechanisms. This manuscript expands upon mainstream literature, providing failure mechanisms and performance correlations to develop a holistic view of laser parameter development for permeable additive manufacturing. In short, this work provides detailed manufacturing guidelines, inclusive of post-processing techniques, as well as an evaluation methodology to correlate build parameters to performance parameters for Inconel 718.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"35 Focus—Space","pages":"38535 - 38553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11665-026-14784-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149214588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Mechanisms of the β′ Nano-phase in Al-Mg-Si Alloy","authors":"Kunming Xiao,&nbsp;Pengcheng Wang,&nbsp;Zuyuan Zhao,&nbsp;Xing Yan,&nbsp;Liangwen Liu,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Mei Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11665-026-15020-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-026-15020-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Al-Mg-Si alloy is a typical heat-treatable strengthening alloy that can significantly improve its strength through precipitation hardening during heat treatment. Additionally, the alloy exhibits a certain level of plastic flow ability in the solid state, making it suitable for the production of complex and diverse profiles using the hot extrusion process. During the hot extrusion process of Al-Mg-Si alloy, a large number of dislocations are introduced, which have a significant impact on various properties of the alloy and the formation of precipitates. This study utilized high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to investigate the interaction between unannihilated residual dislocations and semi-coherent nanoscale β′ phase in the extruded Al-Mg-Si alloy. The research results demonstrate the presence of a significant number of unannihilated residual dislocations within and around the nanoscale β′ phase. Moreover, the nanoscale β′ phase precipitates along the dislocation lines, reducing the lattice distortion energy (dislocation energy) and generating a pinning effect on dislocations, thereby increasing the energy required for dislocation motion initiation. Additionally, there is an atomic mismatch between the β′ phase and the α-Al matrix, resulting in a transition region of 2-5 nm, which enhances the interaction among dislocations and requires additional energy for dislocations to overcome this area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"35 41","pages":"42335 - 42345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Al5083-TiB2 Nanocomposite via Stir Casting Using KBF4 and K2TiF6 Salts through In Situ Reaction in Al5083 Melt","authors":"Ali Alizadeh,&nbsp;Zahra Rasoulzadeh,&nbsp;Mohsen Heydari Beni,&nbsp;Jafar Eskandari Jam,&nbsp;Majid Eskandari Shahraki,&nbsp;Alireza Asadolahei","doi":"10.1007/s11665-026-15008-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-026-15008-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"35 41","pages":"42404 - 42404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold Metal Transfer-Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of AA4043: Microstructural, Mechanical, and Surface Characteristics","authors":"Siddharthan Rajakumar,&nbsp;Narayanasamy Pandiarajan,&nbsp; Abhilash,&nbsp;Ramkumar Thulasiram","doi":"10.1007/s11665-026-14998-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-026-14998-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has emerged as a promising near-net-shape manufacturing technology for producing large-scale metallic components with high material utilization and cost-efficiency. However, the widespread adoption of aluminum alloys in WAAM remains challenging due to the complex interactions between process parameters, thermal history, microstructural evolution, defect formation, and mechanical performance. In this study, the influence of wire current on the microstructure, porosity evolution, crystallographic characteristics, residual strain distribution, and mechanical properties of CMT-WAAM-fabricated AA4043 deposits was systematically investigated. Quantitative porosity analysis using ImageJ revealed porosity area fractions of 0.138, 0.033, 0.257, and 2.704% for samples fabricated at 75, 100, 125, and  A, respectively, demonstrating the strong influence of heat input on pore formation. XRD confirmed the dominance of the <i>α</i>-Al phase across all processing conditions, while EBSD analysis revealed a transition from relatively refined cellular–dendritic structures at lower currents to coarse epitaxial columnar grains at higher heat inputs. Kernel average misorientation (KAM) analysis indicated progressive residual strain relaxation with increasing wire current due to enhanced thermal exposure. Excessive heat input at 150 A promoted abnormal grain growth (&gt; 100 <i>µ</i>m), significant porosity formation, and deterioration of mechanical properties. In contrast, the 125 A condition provided the most favorable balance of microstructural refinement, texture development (MUD = 11.55), low defect content, and residual strain distribution, resulting in the highest average microhardness (108 HV) and ultimate tensile strength (162 MPa). The findings establish a comprehensive process–structure–property relationship for CMT-WAAM-fabricated AA4043 and provide practical guidance for optimizing deposition parameters to minimize defects and enhance structural performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"35 38","pages":"39521 - 39534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149230761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale Coupling Simulation of Dendritic Growth Kinetics and Microstructural Evolution in Single-Pass Wire-Arc Surfacing of Inconel 625 Superalloy","authors":"Xiaoyan Gu,&nbsp;Dian Yang,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Lin,&nbsp;Bofang Zhou,&nbsp;Hongxia Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Li,&nbsp;Quantao Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11665-026-13954-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-026-13954-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A multi-scale model is developed to simulate the solidification structure of single-pass wire-arc surfacing (WAS) of Inconel 625 superalloy. This study focuses on clarifying the fundamental thermo-solid coupling laws of single-pass WAS, which provide a critical basis for its application in wire-arc repair and additive manufacturing. The model emphasizes the dynamic thermal conditions at the solid-liquid interface, extracted from a three-dimensional conduction-based heat transfer model with a double-ellipsoid arc heat source. To isolate the effects of local solidification parameters on dendritic morphology, the complex alloy is modeled as a Ni‐Nb binary system, and the phase-field simulation focuses on single-dendrite growth under a transient temperature gradient <i>G</i> and an interface velocity <i>V</i>_s. Results show that dendritic growth evolves through linear, unstable, competitive, and stable stages, with primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) increasing from the top to the bottom of the molten pool as the cooling rate (<i>G</i>·<i>V</i>_s) decreases. Furthermore, higher heat-source power reduces <i>G</i>·<i>V</i>_s, leading to coarser dendrites and larger PDAS. Experimental measurements of PDAS and Nb segregation validate the simulation trends, with a relative error of 6.44%. This work provides a quantitative link between arc-surfacing parameters and dendritic microstructure via a multi-scale phase-field approach, offering a theoretical basis for optimizing the performance of repair layers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"35 34","pages":"35649 - 35665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148974843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable-Rate Non-isothermal Aging to Balance Mechanical and Corrosion Performance of Hot-Rolled Al-Mg-Si Alloy","authors":"Miao Xie,&nbsp;Junwei Fu,&nbsp;Yunfang Wan,&nbsp;Enlang Feng,&nbsp;Jiaxin Chen,&nbsp;Maomi Zhao,&nbsp;Zhao Lu,&nbsp;Baorong Hou","doi":"10.1007/s11665-026-14768-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-026-14768-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since traditional T6 aging cannot balance the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, variable-rate non-isothermal aging (VR-NIA) process was first applied to Al-Mg-Si alloy in this work. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Al-Mg-Si alloy after VR-NIA were compared with constant-rate non-isothermal aging (CR-NIA) and traditional aging (T6). A large number of dislocations can be introduced after VR-NIA, and the dislocation density after VR-NIA-4 is twice that of T6. However, the size of <i>β</i>″ precipitates after VR-NIA-4 is slightly increased and the number density of <i>β</i>ʺ precipitates is slightly lowered compared with T6. The strengthening contribution from the high dislocation density compensates for the weakening effect caused by the precipitates. As a result, the mechanical properties after VR-NIA-4 are comparable to T6. Furthermore, after VR-NIA-4, the corrosion current density is reduced to half that of T6 due to the coarse and discontinuous distribution of grain boundary precipitates, and the narrowed grain boundary precipitate-free zone (PFZ). Meanwhile, compared with T6, the total thermal cycle time of VR-NIA-4 can be shortened by 26.8%. In addition, in Al-Mg-Si alloys, Mg₂Si is usually preferentially dissolved during galvanic corrosion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. However, It was found that the composite phase Al₃Ti-Mg₂Si, with an Al₃Ti core and Mg₂Si outer layer, alters local electrochemical behavior and induces dissolution of the surrounding <i>α</i>-Al matrix.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"35 41","pages":"42346 - 42365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Annealing Temperature and Flattening Deformation on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Tinplate","authors":"Shan Zhang,&nbsp;Zhihao Zhang,&nbsp;Yazhou He,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Guolong Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Feng,&nbsp;Yanzhi Li","doi":"10.1007/s11665-026-14658-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-026-14658-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper primarily investigates the effects of annealing temperature and flattening deformation on the tensile mechanical properties and microstructure of tinplate. Rolling experiments were conducted on tinplate using a pilot rolling mill, the microstructure was observed via metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results indicate that with increasing cover annealing temperature, the strength of the tinplate first increases and then decreases, while the HR30T hardness value gradually rises. After cover annealing at 540 °C followed by 10 and 15% temper rolling deformation, the yield strengths of the tinplate were 227.5 and 220.6 MPa, respectively, with corresponding HR30T hardness values of 60.9 and 57.0. Following cover annealing at 560 °C with 5% temper rolling deformation, the yield strength was 237.6 MPa and the HR30T hardness reached 65.2. The microstructure after 540 °C annealing with 10% temper rolling exhibited relatively uniform grain distribution with finer grains and smaller grain size variations, along with a higher quantity of larger carbide particles. The microstructures resulting from 540 °C annealing with 15% temper rolling and 560 °C annealing with 5% temper rolling showed significantly increased heterogeneity, coarser grains with greater variation in grain size, and fewer, finer carbide particles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"35 41","pages":"42796 - 42803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale Synergistic Strengthening Mechanisms and Tribological/Corrosion Performance of Nano-WC-Reinforced CoCrFeNiTi HEA Coatings","authors":"Juncheng Wang,&nbsp;Jia Fu,&nbsp;Shouqi Zhao,&nbsp;Yongning Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11665-026-14576-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-026-14576-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the interfacial strengthening mechanisms and performance optimization of CoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy (HEA)-based composite coatings under extreme conditions by fabricating a nano-WC-reinforced CoCrFeNiTi/WC (10 wt.%) coating via high-speed laser cladding. The decomposition of WC during laser processing induced W/C elemental diffusion, promoting the formation of hard phases (e.g., Cr₂₃C₆ at 21.3 GPa and Cr₅B₃ at 18.5 GPa), which increased the BCC phase volume fraction by 42% and refined grains to 0.6 μm through heterogeneous nucleation. The composite coating exhibited a significantly enhanced microhardness of 923 ± 22 HV (277% higher than the matrix), driven by synergistic grain refinement (38% contribution) and second-phase strengthening. Tribological tests revealed a reduced friction coefficient (0.67) and 59.3% lower wear mass loss compared to the substrate, attributed to a continuous oxide film and a hard phase supported surface structure that mitigated adhesive wear and plowing. Electrochemical analysis demonstrated a one-order-of-magnitude decrease in corrosion current density and an 87% reduction in pitting density, with enhanced corrosion resistance stemming from reconstructed Cr₂O₃ passive films and a multiscale “physical–chemical–electronic” protective system via grain boundary pinning. These separate wear and corrosion evaluations collectively demonstrate the potential of the composite coating for applications involving both mechanical and corrosive environments. These findings provide critical insights into the design of HEA-based coatings for extreme-environment applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"35 41","pages":"42420 - 42428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}