Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota and young ruminant host: implications for intestinal development and mucosal immunity.","authors":"Mulugeta Walelegne, Ma Junnan, Yuan Hao, Xiaoran Feng, Hunegnaw Abebe, Ruochen Yang, Luxin Kong, Yan Tu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01441-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01441-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As global demand for milk and meat increases, young ruminants need rapid gut development and sufficient mucosal immunity immediately after birth. However, their growing intestines face oxidative and microbial challenges that can harm long-term performance. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in how host genetics, early nutrition, and emerging microbiota interact to influence intestinal development and mucosal immunity under standard rearing conditions. We explore how the host regulates the gut microbiota, the microbiota's role in maintaining gut integrity, barrier function, development, intestinal cell health, mucosal immunity, and how diet modulates gut microbiota composition in young ruminants. Microbial signals promote increased villus length and better epithelial functions. Conversely, dysbiosis delays gut closure, weakens barrier integrity, and skews immunity toward pro-inflammatory responses. Feeding strategies such as colostrum timing, milk replacers, and the addition of starter fiber and probiotics can alter microbial communities within days. Nonetheless, challenges remain in standardizing neonatal feeding practices, identifying microbe metabolite indicators of gut health, and integrating precision feeding technologies. By mapping the three-way interaction among host, microbiota, and diet, this review offers a blueprint for neonatal ruminant feeding that enhances both animal welfare and the productivity of future ruminant systems. This review also provides a novel mechanistic integration of host genetics, gut microbiota succession, and dietary interventions in young ruminants, filling the gap of fragmented multi-omics analyses in existing literature and offering targeted insights for optimizing gastrointestinal development and production efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13277156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin ameliorates aflatoxin B₁-induced non-canonical ferroptosis in ovine oocytes through the OPA1/ACSL4 pathway.","authors":"Lang Li, Bin Liu, Zhenzhen Wang, Ruiwen Zhao, Xiong Xiao, Yongju Zhao, Xiaoyan Qiu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01454-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01454-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), a potent mycotoxin, commonly contaminates feeds like maize and soybean, jeopardizing animal reproduction. Although AFB₁ exposure is known to cause oxidative stress, immune activation, and cell death in oocytes and early embryos of several species, its effects on sheep remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate AFB₁-induced damage in ovine oocytes and its underlying mechanisms. Quercetin (QT), a cost-effective flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is potential to improve this damage. The mechanisms may involve non-canonical ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-driven cell death pathway independent of canonical regulators GPX4 and TFR1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>4D Fast DIA-based micro-scale quantitative proteomics was conducted to identify the target proteins, and then immunofluorescence, qPCR, and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) were conducted for the expression validation of the target proteins, and a series of analyses combined with the inhibitor experiments were conducted for the functional validation of the target proteins, including assessments of mitochondrial function (membrane potential ΔΨm, distribution, ATP levels), mitochondrial morphology observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), lipid peroxidation detection (LPO imaging, ROS and GSH detection), Fe²⁺ detection, endoplasmic reticulum staining, and early apoptosis signaling detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OPA1 and ACSL4 are screened as the target proteins by micro-scale quantitative proteomics analysis, and immunofluorescence, qPCR and PRM validate their expression. Molecular docking reveals that there is an interaction of OPA1 and ACSL4, and QT exhibits stronger binding affinity to both OPA1 and ACSL4 than AFB₁. AFB₁ induces aberrant upregulation of OPA1 and ACSL4, disrupting mitochondrial cristae and membrane structure, impairing mitochondrial function and energy metabolism (including decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, abnormal distribution, and reduced ATP synthesis), promoting lipid peroxidation and Fe²⁺ accumulation, exacerbating endoplasmic reticulum stress and altering ROS/GSH levels, ultimately leading to ferroptosis in oocytes. Addition of QT ameliorates the AFB₁-induced abnormal expression of OPA1 and ACSL4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>QT alleviates AFB₁-induced damage on ovine oocytes by suppressing non-canonical ferroptosis via the OPA1/ACSL4 pathway. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism underlying AFB₁-mediated reproductive toxicity and provide a theoretical foundation for applying QT to mitigate AFB₁-induced reproductive impairment and improve livestock health.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13274008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the effector mechanism of citrulline on sow lactation and offspring growth: an integrative multi-omics analysis.","authors":"Yating Chen, Shenglan Hu, Yiwen Ji, Fang Gu, Chenyang Zhang, Kaiguo Gao, Xiaolu Wen, Li Wang, Xiaoli Dong, Jisoo Tak, Hao Xiao, Yaoyao Xia","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01414-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01414-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Citrulline (Cit), an effective precursor of arginine (Arg), escapes hepatic catabolism to be almost completely absorbed into the systemic circulation, thereby being efficiently converted to Arg in the kidneys to enhance its systemic bioavailability. This study investigated the effects of dietary Cit supplementation on lactation performance in sows, as well as the underlying mechanisms related to intestinal health in their suckling piglets, using multi-omics analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dietary Arg and Cit supplementation significantly increased average daily feed intake of lactating sows. Milk fat content and plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentration increased significantly in the Arg group and the 40%Cit group (P < 0.05), while milk threonine content increased slightly (P = 0.084). Consequently, the average daily gain of suckling piglets over the 21-day lactation period was also significantly improved. Furthermore, maternal 40%Cit supplementation improved the intestinal health of offspring by enhancing jejunal morphology and upregulating the expression of the tight junction protein occludin (P < 0.05), indicating a strengthened intestinal barrier. Mechanistically, this was achieved by activating the mTOR/S6 pathway in the piglets' jejunum. Maternal 40%Cit supplementation upregulated the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial fusion and fission (MFN2 and MFF, P < 0.05), and the protein expression of OPA1 showed an increasing trend (P = 0.097), indicating the structural and functional status of mitochondria was improved. Maternal 40%Cit supplementation also modulated the gut microbiota of piglets, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lachnoclostridium). Metabolomic analysis of sow milk identified 58 differential metabolites. Among these metabolites, palmitic acid levels were significantly increased and positively correlated with the abundance of Lachnoclostridium in the intestine (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary Cit supplementation enhanced sow lactation performance and improved intestinal barrier function in their offspring via activation of the jejunal mTOR/S6 pathway and improved mitochondrial structure and function in the piglet jejunum. These benefits were further supported by modulation of the gut microbiota and alterations in the milk fat and metabolome, ultimately promoting piglet growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in methane emissions from dairy cows: associations with rumen microbial synergy and metabolic pathway divergence.","authors":"Peng Jia, Lifeng Dong, Tao Ma, Yanliang Bi, Yan Tu, Qiyu Diao","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01432-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01432-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methane (CH₄) is a metabolic by-product of rumen microbial fermentation, contributing significantly to global warming and dietary energy loss. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying natural variation in rumen methanogenesis is essential for the development of effective CH₄ mitigation strategies. Here, we applied rumen metagenomics to identify the microbial mechanisms for differences in enteric CH₄ emissions among dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enteric CH₄ emissions from 111 lactating dairy cows under normal feeding conditions were utilized to characterize the natural variation in rumen methanogenesis. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the comprehensive effects of bacteria involved in starch degradation, lactate metabolism, and volatile fatty acid biosynthesis provide distinct amounts of hydrogen for rumen methanogenesis in high-methane-producing (HMP) and low-methane-producing (LMP) cows. Ciliate protozoa were universally abundant in HMP cows (P < 0.05), whereas methanogens enrichment exhibited heterogeneity, with the dominant methanogen Methanobrevibacter exhibiting negative correlations with the other 11 methanogens (P < 0.05). Six nutrient metabolic pathways modulating methanogenesis were identified, and HMP-associated methanogenesis was further driven by upregulated formate metabolism and acetoclastic pathways (P < 0.05). Random forest model analysis screened 34 microbial genera as biomarkers for CH₄ production.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study excluded extrinsic confounders exist for rumen microbiome and CH₄ emissions in dairy cows. These findings elucidated the causal microbial and metabolic mechanisms underlying rumen methanogenesis, providing actionable targets for microbiome-based strategies to mitigate CH₄ emissions from livestock farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pan-tissue transcriptomic profiling of dairy cattle.","authors":"Jinfeng He, Ruike Jia, Aixia Du, Weijie Zheng, Bo Han, Qi Zhang, Zijiao Guo, Yanan Liu, Yali Hou, Dongxiao Sun","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01440-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01440-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Milk production in dairy cattle is a paradigmatic complex trait emerging from coordinated regulatory programs across multiple tissues and molecular layers, while previous transcriptomic studies have largely focused on a limited number of key tissues, most notably the mammary gland and liver. Consequently, how transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying milk traits are coordinated across the whole organism remains poorly understood. In particular, the contributions of non-coding RNA, alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation vary across tissues and contribute to tissue-specific regulatory landscapes has not been comprehensively profiled at a pan-tissue scale. This study aims to systematically characterize tissue-specific transcriptomic and post-transcriptional profiles across multiple tissues in dairy cattle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We generated RNA-seq data for 99 tissues from two adult Holstein cows and integrated these with 400 publicly available RNA-seq samples from 182 adult Holstein cows covering 127 tissues, yielding a profiling that spans 166 tissues. Using a one-versus-all framework, we identified the tissue-specific genes thereby revealing distinct tissue metabolic demands and physiological specialization, with highly active tissues (brain, mammary gland and reproductive organs) harboring larger numbers of tissue specific genes. Further, we predicted potential RNA-RNA interactions and found that tissue-specific genes may be associated with coordinated non-coding RNA interaction networks. At the post-transcriptional level, rMATS profiling revealed skipped exons and mutually exclusive exons as the predominant alternative splicing classes across tissues, whereas proximal polyadenylation site usage was widespread, although brain-expressed genes more frequently used distal sites. Cross-species analysis based on 11,547 one-to-one orthologues shared among cattle, humans, and pigs showed that tissues from the same organ or system of cattle, humans and pigs generally clustered together, whereas the oviduct displayed expression patterns more similar to tissues within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study establishes an integrative multi-tissue transcriptomic and post-transcriptional regulatory profile for dairy cattle across a broad range of organs, providing a valuable resource for investigating tissue-specific variation in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13264825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Form-specific selenium supplementation in poultry: linking bioefficacy to mechanisms and precision applications.","authors":"Jianmin Zhou, Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna, Yu Fu, Vivian U Oleforuh-Okoleh, Jesse Oluwaseun Ayantoye, Mohamed Shafey Elsharkawy, Kai Qiu, Haijun Zhang, Guanghai Qi, Shugeng Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01436-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01436-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selenium (Se) supplementation in poultry is shifting from deficiency prevention to precision use aimed at measurable improvements in resilience, product quality, and biofortification. Evidence increasingly indicates that, at comparable total dietary Se, bioefficacy varies primarily with chemical form, exposure definition, and retention kinetics. Inorganic salts can correct deficiency and support basal selenoprotein activity, but they provide limited reserve formation. By contrast, selenomethionine (SeMet)-type inputs, including SeMet and OH-SeMet, can build protein-bound Se pools that stabilize Se supply during prolonged stress and are associated with measurable outcomes such as improved feed conversion under heat stress and more predictable egg or tissue enrichment. Biotransformation-derived and engineered systems may provide additional advantages in specific contexts, particularly for mucosal delivery or barrier-related outcomes, but their effects remain strongly product- and formulation-dependent. Mechanistically, source-specific effects reflect differences in Se delivery to selenoprotein synthesis and in the stability of redox and inflammatory control under challenge. A central implication is that matched nominal Se doses do not necessarily represent biologically equivalent exposure, and maximal Se deposition does not necessarily coincide with maximal functional benefit. Thus, deposition targets should be distinguished from functional outcomes such as performance, product quality, and physiological resilience. This review integrates form-specific bioefficacy with mechanistic and application-level evidence and proposes a goal-based precision framework to align Se source and dose with defined production or physiological objectives. Future progress will depend on rigorous source characterization, clearer endpoint alignment, and layered monitoring of exposure, status, and function to enable more predictive and actionable Se use in poultry systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13263945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering how selected potent bacteriocins reshape the broiler chicken gut microbiome in a PolyFermS continuous in vitro model.","authors":"Amal Mamjoud, Séverine Zirah, Sylvie Rebuffat, Éric Biron, Ismail Fliss","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01431-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01431-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacteriocins are promising alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production, offering pathogen control with minimal disruption to gut microbiota and reduced risk of resistance dissemination. This study compared the impact of three bacteriocins-microcin J25, nisin Z, and pediocin PA-1-against bacitracin as a positive control, specifically evaluating their effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity. The study utilized the PolyFermS continuous fermentation model to simulate chicken caecal conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>16S rRNA sequencing revealed that bacitracin and nisin Z significantly altered the microbiota composition, reducing key families such as Lactobacillaceae and Ruminococcaceae, while microcin J25 and pediocin PA-1 had negligible effects. Short-chain fatty acid analysis revealed a significant time-dependent decrease in butyrate levels following nisin Z and bacitracin treatments, with the most pronounced reduction observed at 48 h post-injection. Conversely, microcin J25 and pediocin PA-1 maintained stable profiles. Untargeted LC-MS metabolomics indicated a marked metabolic shift under nisin Z treatment, including increased amino acids and cyclic dipeptide levels, while microcin J25 had minimal impact. Stability assays confirmed that microcin J25 remained active up to 24 h, whereas nisin Z and pediocin PA-1 lost antimicrobial activity rapidly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the selective use of bacteriocins as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry farming, with microcin J25 demonstrating the most favorable profile for microbiota preservation and metabolic stability. Future research will focus on in vivo trials in broiler chickens to confirm these findings and evaluate the practical application of microcin J25 in a production environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based linking of bacterial genomes to optimal growth pH: a foundation for rational microbial engineering.","authors":"Huilong Chen, Xin Yang, Muhsin Ai Anas, Shuyan Feng, Yanli Lin, Gang Xu, Kuikui Ni, Fuyu Yang, Xuekai Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01434-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01434-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial optimal growth pH is pivotal for enzymatic activity, niche adaptation, and synthetic biology applications (e.g., probiotic design, silage fermentation). Traditional experiments are inefficient, resource-intensive, and miss most unculturable taxa, while direct genome-based prediction of this trait remains unavailable-creating a critical genomic-phenotypic gap that hinders microbial engineering.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We developed BactoGenopH ( http://silagedb.com/BactoGenopH/ ), a web platform for predicting the optimal growth pH of bacteria. We curated a high-quality dataset of 3,476 samples, integrating directly measured pH values from the BacDive database and peer-reviewed literature with corresponding representative genomes from GTDB. Genomic features were extracted via Prodigal for gene prediction and HMMER for Pfam-based functional annotation, with high-importance genes retained and encoded as a binary presence/absence matrix. The XGBoost regression model exhibited robust performance: test set MAE = 0.477, RMSE = 0.666, and 88.82% accuracy (1-pH-unit tolerance); the independent validation set yielded MAE = 0.492, RMSE = 0.694, and 89.37% accuracy. SHAP analysis identified key pH-adaptation genes (e.g., Na_Ala_symp, MgtE) with well-documented roles in ion transport and pH homeostasis. The freely accessible platform supports real-time predictions via FASTA sequence input or file upload, complemented by data visualization and curated dataset browsing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BactoGenopH fills the unmet need for direct, phenotype-grounded bacterial optimal growth pH prediction, bridging genomic-phenotypic gaps with robust performance. This free resource accelerates trait-driven microbial research and supports rational microbial engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13255231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amuc_1100 alleviates HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation via gut microbiota in zebrafish: insights from the role of intestinal 14-3-3β/α-A.","authors":"Qianwen Ding, Ruobing Lou, Hui Liang, Yi Wang, Shangshang Tang, Jian Zhang, Yihui Du, Chao Ran, Yalin Yang, Zhen Zhang, Yuanyuan Yao, Chen Wang, Zhen Liu, Oliana Carnevali, Fengli Zhang, Zhigang Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01418-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01418-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amuc_1100, the most abundant outer membrane protein of Akkermansia muciniphila, alleviates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and modulates gut microbiota in fish; however, its mechanism and mediators remain unknown. Using zebrafish model, this study aims to determine the mechanism by which Amuc_1100 reduces HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation through modulation of gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In main study, 1-month-old zebrafish were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), HFD, or HFD supplemented with 0.01% Amuc_1100 (AM0.01) for 4 weeks. Body weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation, microbial translocation, and gut microbiota composition were evaluated. In parallel, larvae at 5 d post-fertilization were fed the same diets for 7 d and analyzed by Oil Red O staining. In validation experiments, germ-free (GF) zebrafish received microbiota transplants from donor fish fed HFD or AM0.01. Antibiotics (ABS)-treated zebrafish were fed LFD, HFD, or AM0.01 for 4 weeks. Intestinal protein interacting with Amuc_1100 was identified via pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation, and its role was confirmed using protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor BV02 and gene knockdown. Data were analyzed by Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with HFD group, zebrafish in AM0.01 group showed lower body weight gain, reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, and decreased microbial translocation (P < 0.05). AM0.01 feeding increased Bacillus abundance while reducing Acinetobacter, Plesiomonas and Aeromonas abundances relative to HFD (P < 0.05). GF zebrafish colonized with microbiota from AM0.01-fed donors showed less hepatic lipid accumulation than those receiving microbiota from HFD-fed donors (P < 0.05). In contrast, ABS-treated zebrafish showed no significant difference in hepatic triacylglycerol content between HFD and AM0.01 groups (P > 0.05). Using pull-down assays with intestinal proteins from LFD-fed zebrafish, we identified 14-3-3β/α-A as an interacting protein of Amuc_1100. When 14-3-3β/α-A PPI was inhibited by BV02, Amuc_1100 failed to alter the HFD-induced gut microbiota profile in 1-month-old zebrafish (P > 0.05). Moreover, either BV02 treatment or 14-3-3β/α-A knockdown abolished the protective effect of Amuc_1100 against hepatic lipid accumulation in conventional and GF zebrafish (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Amuc_1100 reduces hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating gut microbiota through intestinal 14-3-3β/α-A, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13251306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Integrated methylome-transcriptome profiling reveals epigenetic regulation of immune activation pathways and CSN3-associated lactation repression in bovine subclinical mastitis.","authors":"Shraddha Dwivedi, Amit Kumar, Ujjwal Kumar De, Anuj Chauhan, Ravi Kant Agrawal, Shivani Khanna, Amritanshu Upadhyay, Ayushi Singh, Prem Chand Devatwal, Triveni Dutt","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01462-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01462-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}