Analyst最新文献

{"title":"High-sensitivity and stability electrochemical sensors for chlorogenic acid detection based on optimally engineered nanomaterials","authors":"Lin-Wei Chen, Nannan Lu and Lei Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01483A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01483A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Developing cost-effective and efficient analytical methods is essential for detecting chlorogenic acid (CGA), as excessive consumption of CGA, despite its significant antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, can cause serious health problems. The remarkable progress and adjustable features of nanomaterials have significantly improved the analytical capabilities of electrochemical sensors for CGA. This review examines the use of optimally engineered nanomaterials in CGA electrochemical sensors, emphasizing the design and modification strategies of various nanomaterials. It starts with an introduction to the basic principles of electrochemical sensors, detailing their components and the analytical methods employed. Subsequently, the review explores how structural and compositional adjustments in electrocatalysts from different nanomaterial categories enhance CGA detection performance. In conclusion, it discusses the challenges and opportunities linked to designing nanomaterials for modified electrodes in CGA sensors. This review seeks to enhance the understanding of the connection between nanomaterial structures and the performance of CGA electrochemical sensors, offering new perspectives for the future design of highly efficient CGA electrochemical sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 3","pages":" 447-459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative profiling and mapping of small molecules by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: combinations of carbon-based nano-matrices and sample preparation protocols†","authors":"Ruochen Guo, Rui Lv, Rui Shi, Enhui Wu, Chongqing Ma, Chang Sun, Govinda Mandal and Jian Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01172D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01172D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The choices of matrices and protocols for sample deposition are critical factors, which impact each other in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Previous reports on MALDI MS matrices have only compared their performances in terms of their MS signal intensities and provided optical microphotos or MALDI MS images of sample spots but typically lacked quantitative evaluation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a multivariate model to evaluate the performance of different combinations of matrices and sample protocols. Herein, we report a weighted multivariate model for the systematic quantitative profiling of combinations of matrices/protocols. Our work covers three types of carbon-based nano-matrices, namely, two-dimensional graphite oxide (GO) nanosheets, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and zero-dimensional graphite dots (GDs). Four representative sample protocols for MALDI MSI, namely, rapid evaporation, seed layer, sandwich, and dry droplet, were examined in our model. We selected five important parameters, namely, (1) planar dispersity grading by SEM, (2) planar fluorescence homogeneity, (3) coefficient variations in MS signals, (4) MS signal-to-noise ratio, and (5) planar MS signal heatmap grading, and individually assigned weights according to their significance in MSI performance. Calculation of the radar chart areas based on our model provided quantitative profiles for individual combinations. Among these, the dry droplet protocol using a matrix of GDs offered the largest radar chart area, indicating that it was a favorable combination choice for MSI. Thus, this work proposes a multivariate model to systematically compare different combinations of matrices and sample protocols, thereby promising a useful tool for mapping small molecules through MALDI MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 4","pages":" 760-772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time Microbial Growth Curve (RMGC) system: An Improved Microplate Reader with a Graphical Interface for Automatic and High-throughput Monitoring of Microbial Growth Curves","authors":"Yongjie Zhong, Zhuoyuan Lai, Changhua He, Shengsen Peng, Tianci Guo, Hui Yang, Fan Yang, Yi Shen, Zhengliang Huang, Zhaoyong Fu, Kelin Wang, Fengge Song, Jinghao Yang, Masoud Negahdary, Haimei Mao, Hongliang Zhao, Yi Wan, Khaydar E. Yunusov, Abdushkur Sarimsakov","doi":"10.1039/d4an01339e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4an01339e","url":null,"abstract":"The study of microbial growth curves is essential for comprehending microbial behavior and enhancing related processes. Current monitoring methods face limitations, including low automation, inefficient detection, and insufficient throughput. To address these challenges, we developed the Real-Time Microbial Growth Curve (RMGC) system, which offers fully automated and high-throughput monitoring of microbial growth through an Improved Microplate Reader (IMR) with a user-friendly graphical interface. By optimizing and calibrating the optical pathways, we achieve high-precision and consistent absorbance detection using LED light sources, surpassing traditional xenon lamp microplate readers, which lack con-tinuous operation capabilities. We validated the RMGC system by cultivating 96 samples of Escherichia coli (E. coli) at a concentration of 105 CFU/mL. After approximately 12 hours of continuous monitoring, the system exhibited a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 3.25% for optical density (OD) measurements and an RSD of 2.52% for the point of inflection (POI). These results indicate a similar level of precision but a longer monitoring time compared to conventional microplate readers, reflecting the effectiveness of the RMGC system in accurately monitoring microbial growth. The RMGC system showcases its versatility through various applications, such as microorganism gradient cultures, anaerobic microbial cultures, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Its capabilities have important implications for multiple industries, including pharmaceuticals for antibiotic development, food safety for microbial contamination testing, and microbiological research.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"393 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voltammetry of monovalent cations at the 2D/3D water interface formed by using a slitlike graphene-membrane nanofluidic device","authors":"zhenmei yu, Yan Li, Siran Du, Zengtao Zhang, xiqing cheng, Weiqing Wang, Yong Chen","doi":"10.1039/d4an01486c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4an01486c","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we demonstrate that two-dimensional (2D) graphene-nanoconfined water in a slitlike graphene-membrane nanofluidic device can form 2D/3D water interface with 3D bulk aqueous phase and protons prefer over other monovalent cations to transfer across such a novel 2D/3D water interface. This provides a new approach to study the 2D graphene-nanoconfined water.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a portable gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer embedded with a low-temperature adsorption thermal desorption module for enhanced detection of volatile organic compounds","authors":"Yulin Chen, Junwei Qiu, Kai Xu, Huijun Zhu, Shuo Zhang, Xinxin Lu and Xiaoxu Li","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01484G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01484G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A portable gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC-MS) is an effective instrument for rapid on-site detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Current instruments typically adsorb samples at ambient temperature, challenging the detection of low-boiling VOCs. In this study, a low-temperature adsorption thermal desorption method is proposed for sample enrichment in a portable GC-MS. The refrigeration module adopts a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), and a heating wire directly heats the adsorption tube to reduce the heat capacity. The miniaturization and low-power design make this module integrable into portable GC-MS devices. This module can reduce the temperature to around 0 °C within ten minutes for sample enrichment, and the heating system can increase the temperature to 260 °C within 20 seconds to ensure rapid desorption and injection of samples. Due to the miniaturization design, the total weight of the portable GC-MS is 21.7 kg, and the volume is 48 cm × 38 cm × 17 cm. Within merely 10 minutes, it completely separated and detected 65 VOCs in the TO-15 standard substance, with a detection limit down to 0.12 μg L<small>⁻¹</small> for toluene. The detection performance for low-boiling substances could be enhanced by up to 17 times compared to ambient temperature adsorption thermal desorption, such as 1,3-butadiene. Moreover, the results demonstrated long-term stability (RSD &lt; 10% for 98% of the substances, with recovery rates from 91.66% to 109.12%). This study provides a feasible strategy for the rapid and reliable detection of VOCs in the air, holding great potential in the field of environmental monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 3","pages":" 470-480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-service aptamer-free molecularly imprinted paper-based sensor for high-sensitivity visual detection of influenza H5N1†","authors":"Hang Gong, Luru Xu, Yong Li, Tao Pang, Chunyan Chen, Feng Chen and Changqun Cai","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01233J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01233J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Developing low-cost self-service portable sensors to detect viruses is an important step in combating the spread of viral outbreaks. Here, we describe the development of an aptamer-free paper-based molecularly imprinted sensor for the instrument-free detection of influenza virus A (H5N1). In this sensor, Whatman paper loaded with Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> nanoparticles (WP@Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>) was prepared as a substrate upon which silicon imprinting occurred in the presence of the template virus H5N1. After removal of the template virus, Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> which exposed in the imprinted cavities was able to catalyze the oxidation of colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by hydrogen peroxide to form blue TMB + ions. Therefore, the concentration of virus can be semi-quantified by the color change of the solution after the catalytic reaction in the absence of any instruments. The color reaction can be clearly observed within 20 min. In addition, the remaining TMB could be quantified fluorometrically, with a limit of detection of 1.16 fM and an imprinting factor of 4.7. As far as we know, this sensor detects the target with the highest sensitivity that has yet been achieved in aptamer-free molecular imprinting sensors. Importantly, the cost of materials used for each sensor was as low as 4 cents (0.23 Yuan) per sensor. This sensitive self-service sensor, which is relatively easy and inexpensive to produce, will provide an effective new avenue for the rapid detection of viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 3","pages":" 552-558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective aggregation of natural ligands into efficient AIEgens on a human telomeric duplex-G-quadruplex junction†","authors":"Ying Xu, Yulu Ru, Xueni Li, Yiling Wang, Dandan Wang, Xiao-Shun Zhou and Yong Shao","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01454E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01454E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >DNA structures with the potential to concurrently recruit multiple ligands are promising in pharmaceutical and sensing applications when concentrated in a local environment. Herein, we found that human telomeric G-quadruplex (htG4) structures with a junction can selectively aggregate a natural ligand of tetrahydropalmatine (THP) into AIEgens. The htG4 monomer favors formation of a THP dimer emitting at ∼525 nm. In addition, only a hybrid htG4 folding supports formation of the emissive THP dimer. However, overhanging a duplex beyond the 5′ end of the hybrid htG4 structure preferentially forms THP J-aggregates with member molecularity being more than two. It is demonstrated that the junction between the duplex and the hybrid htG4 structure is responsible for formation of the THP J-aggregates, as confirmed by the fact that the pairing state of the junction affects the molecularity of the J-aggregates. Nevertheless, such J-aggregates cannot be grown at the junction of two tandem htG4s. Therefore, G4-initiated ligand aggregation (GILA) for natural compounds provides a new way to design pharmaceuticals and sensors with a high local concentration at the site of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 4","pages":" 661-668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and quantification of ergothioneine in human serum using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)†","authors":"Stefano Fornasaro, Nigel Gotts, Gioia Venturotti, Marina Wright Muelas, Ivayla Roberts, Valter Sergo, Royston Goodacre and Alois Bonifacio","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01323A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01323A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ergothioneine (ERG) is a natural sulfur-containing amino acid found in many organisms, including humans. It accumulates at high concentrations in red blood cells and is distributed to various organs, including the brain. ERG has numerous health benefits and antioxidant capabilities, and it has been linked to various human physiological processes, such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-aging effects. Accurate, rapid, and cost-effective quantification of ERG levels in human biofluids is crucial for understanding its role in oxidative stress-related diseases. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an effective approach for measuring compounds at concentrations similar to those at which ERG is present in serum. However, while SERS has been used to characterize or detect ERG, quantification has not yet been achieved due to the variability in the signal enhancement that can arise during sample preparation and analysis. This study introduces a highly efficient and reliable technique for quickly (20 min is typical per sample) measuring ERG levels in human serum using SERS. This employs an internal standard highly specific for ERG which resulted in limit of quantification values of 0.71 μM. To validate this approach, we analysed real human serum with unknown ERG levels as a blind test set and primary reference levels of ERG were produced using a targeted UHPLC-MS/MS reference method.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 3","pages":" 559-566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/an/d4an01323a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The freeze–thaw cycle effect on blood serum autofluorescence, Raman spectroscopy and SERS: implications for sample classification and disease diagnostics†","authors":"Polina K. Nurgalieva, Boris P. Yakimov, Olga D. Parashchuk, Olga P. Cherkasova, Egor A. Tokar, Dmitry Yu. Paraschuk, Vladimir I. Kukushkin, Nikolay I. Sorokin, Olga Yu. Nesterova, Mikhail G. Varentsov, Lyudmila A. Bratchenko, Ivan A. Bratchenko, Armais A. Kamalov and Evgeny A. Shirshin","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01215A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01215A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The issue of variability introduced into blood plasma and serum analysis by preanalytical procedures is the major obstacle to obtaining accurate and reproducible results. While the question of how to overcome this issue has been discussed in biochemical detection of analytes and omics technologies, its relevance to the field of optical spectroscopy remains mostly unexplored. In this work, we evaluated the freeze–thaw cycle (FTC)-induced alternations in blood serum optical properties by means of autofluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In the case of regular Raman spectroscopy, FTC-specific spectral variability was estimated to be &lt;1%, being significantly smaller than patient-specific variability, while the <em>t</em>-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding clustering of principal components yielded spectral grouping by patient ID independent of sample freezing. For SERS, FTC-specific and patient-specific spectral variabilities were 15% and &gt;90%, respectively. Finally, parallel factor analysis of autofluorescence excitation–emission matrices revealed that patient-specific variability in the visible spectral range was 13%, whereas FTC-specific variability was 4%. We further evaluated disease-specific variability for two datasets, namely, for colorectal cancer diagnostics with autofluorescence and for chronic kidney disease diagnostics using SERS. Disease-associated variabilities were determined to be 8% and 49%, significantly exceeding the possible FTC-induced variability. Hence, the obtained results suggest that FTC blood serum samples can be used for disease diagnostics by Raman spectroscopy and SERS, as well as through autofluorescence spectroscopy, although the difference in FTC-induced and disease-induced variabilities was lowest in the latter case.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 4","pages":" 727-739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent microsphere-based strip for sensitive and quantitative detection of etomidate and metomidate†","authors":"Qingqing Liu, Xinxin Xu, Liqiang Liu, Aihua Qu, Chuanlai Xu and Hua Kuang","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01213E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01213E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this research, we fabricated a sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2C3 that targeted etomidate (ET) and metomidate (MT) to establish a lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA) that incorporated fluorescent microsphere sensors, enabling both the qualitative and quantitative detection of ET and MT within 10 min. Analysis indicated that the visual colorimetric values for ET and MT in water samples were 0.3 μg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively, with quantitative detection ranges of 0.08 to 1.31 μg kg<small>⁻¹</small> and 0.08 to 2.21 μg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively. The visual colorimetric values for ET and MT in urine samples were 0.3 and 1 μg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively, with quantitative detection ranges of 0.12 to 3.13 μg kg<small>⁻¹</small> and 0.09 to 2.98, respectively, while for ET and MT in serum samples were 3 μg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, with quantitative detection ranges of 0.15 to 21.2 μg kg<small>⁻¹</small> and 0.08 to 13.8 μg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively. Recovery tests and detection were conducted in water, urine and serum samples, validating the reliability of this method in clinical samples, consistent with those obtained from LC-MS/MS. Collectively, our novel LFIA provides a promising option for rapid on-site detection of ET and MT.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 3","pages":" 542-551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}